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Oide, Shinichi,Liu, Jinyuan,Yun, Sung-Hwan,Wu, Dongliang,Michev, Alex,Choi, May Yee,Horwitz, Benjamin A.,Turgeon, B. Gillian American Society for Microbiology 2010 EUKARYOTIC CELL Vol.9 No.12
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Histidine kinase (HK) phosphorelay signaling is a major mechanism by which fungi sense their environment. The maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus has 21 HK genes, 4 candidate response regulator (RR) genes (<I>SSK1</I>, <I>SKN7</I>, <I>RIM15</I>, <I>REC1</I>), and 1 gene (<I>HPT1</I>) encoding a histidine phosphotransfer domain protein. Because most HKs are expected to signal through RRs, these were chosen for deletion. Except for pigment and slight growth alterations for <I>rim15</I> mutants, no measurable altered phenotypes were detected in <I>rim15</I> or <I>rec1</I> mutants. Ssk1p is required for virulence and affects fertility and proper timing of sexual development of heterothallic C. heterostrophus. Pseudothecia from crosses involving <I>ssk1</I> mutants ooze masses of single ascospores, and tetrads cannot be found. Wild-type pseudothecia do not ooze. Ssk1p represses asexual spore proliferation during the sexual phase, and lack of it dampens asexual spore proliferation during vegetative growth, compared to that of the wild type. <I>ssk1</I> mutants are heavily pigmented. Mutants lacking Skn7p do not display any of the above phenotypes; however, both <I>ssk1</I> and <I>skn7</I> mutants are hypersensitive to oxidative and osmotic stresses and <I>ssk1 skn7</I> mutants are more exaggerated in their spore-type balance phenotype and more sensitive to stress than single mutants. <I>ssk1</I> mutant phenotypes largely overlap <I>hog1</I> mutant phenotypes, and in both types of mutant, the Hog1 target gene, <I>MST1</I>, is not induced. <I>ssk1</I> and <I>hog1</I> mutants were examined in the homothallic cereal pathogen Gibberella zeae, and pathogenic and reproductive phases of development regulated by Ssk1 and Hog1 were found to mirror, but also vary from, those of C. heterostrophus.</P>