Compatibility of lithium salts with solvent of the non-aqueous electrolyte in Li–O₂ batteries

Du, Peng,Lu, Jun,Lau, Kah Chun,Luo, Xiangyi,Bareñ,o, Javier,Zhang, Xiaoyi,Ren, Yang,Zhang, Zhengcheng,Curtiss, Larry A.,Sun, Yang-Kook,Amine, Khalil The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.15 No.15

<P>The stability of lithium salts, especially in the presence of reduced oxygen species, O<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB>O (even in a small amount), plays an important role in the cyclability and capacity of Li–O<SUB>2</SUB> cells. This combined experimental and computational study provides evidence that the stability of the electrolyte used in Li–O<SUB>2</SUB> cells strongly depends on the compatibility of lithium salts with solvent. In the case of the LiPF<SUB>6</SUB>–1NM3 electrolyte, the decomposition of LiPF<SUB>6</SUB> occurs in the cell as evidenced by <I>in situ</I> XRD, FT-IR and XPS analysis, which triggers the decomposition of 1NM3 solvent due to formation of HF from the decomposition of LiPF<SUB>6</SUB>. These reactions lead to degradation of the electrolyte and cause poor cyclability of the cell. The same reactions are not observed when LiTFSI and LiCF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB> are used as the lithium salts in 1NM3 solvent, or LiPF<SUB>6</SUB> is used in TEGDME solvent.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>We provided evidence that the stability of the electrolyte used in Li–O<SUB>2</SUB> cells strongly depends on the compatibility of lithium salts with solvent. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3cp50500f'> </P>

Self-standing and shape-memorable UV-curing epoxy polymers for three-dimensional (3D) continuous-filament printing

Sun, H.,Kim, Y.,Kim, Y. C.,Park, I. K.,Suhr, J.,Byun, D.,Choi, H. R.,Kuk, K.,Baek, O. H.,Jung, Y. K.,Choi, H. J.,Kim, K. J.,Nam, J. D. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for o Vol.6 No.12

<P>In the development of three-dimensional printable materials for high-speed and high-resolution printing, UV-curing polymers can guarantee fast and precise printing of high performance load-bearing structures, but the injected drops of the monomers tend to spread over the substrates due to their low viscosity. In this study, we imposed the self-standing and shape-memorable capability of an epoxy acrylate (EA) monomer to ensure continuous filamentary 3D printing while maintaining its low viscosity nature. Using octadecanamide (ODA) with EA, strong hydrogen-bond networks (−N−H⋯OC−, −N−CO⋯H-O-, -N-H⋯N-) were additionally achieved in the material system and the developed material distinctively exhibited rheological duality at different processing stages: a low-viscosity liquid-like behavior (viscosity of ∼50 Pa) while passing through the nozzle and a self-standing solid-like behavior (static yield stress of ∼364 Pa) right after being printed. This reversible liquid-to-solid transitional capability was quantified by viscoelastic complex moduli provided a dynamic yield stress (<I>τ</I>y,G) of 210 Pa corresponding to the upright stacking up to ∼3.2 cm (3 wt% of ODA). The time (<I>t</I>y,G) required for conformational rearrangement was evaluated to be as fast as ∼10<SUP>−2</SUP> s. After UV curing, the 3D printed layers exhibited no air pockets or weld lines at the stacked interfaces, which could guarantee excellent mechanical performance and structural integrity.</P>

Characteristics of greenhouse gas concentrations derived from ground-based FTS spectra at Anmyeondo, South Korea

Oh, Young-Suk,Kenea, S. Takele,Goo, Tae-Young,Chung, Kyu-Sun,Rhee, Jae-Sang,Ou, Mi-Lim,Byun, Young-Hwa,Wennberg, Paul O.,Kiel, Matthä,us,DiGangi, Joshua P.,Diskin, Glenn S.,Velazco, Voltaire A.,Gr Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric measurement techniques Vol.11 No.4

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Since the late 1990s, the meteorological observatory established in Anmyeondo (36.5382°<span class='thinspace'></span>N, 126.3311°<span class='thinspace'></span>E, and 30<span class='thinspace'></span>m above mean sea level) has been monitoring several greenhouse gases such as CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CFCs, and SF₆ as a part of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Program. A high resolution ground-based (g-b) Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) was installed at this observation site in 2013 and has been operated within the frame work of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) since August 2014. The solar spectra recorded by the g-b FTS cover the spectral range 3800 to 16<span class='thinspace'></span>000<span class='thinspace'></span>cm⁻¹ at a resolution of 0.02<span class='thinspace'></span>cm⁻¹. In this work, the GGG2014 version of the TCCON standard retrieval algorithm was used to retrieve total column average CO₂ and CH₄ dry mole fractions (XCO₂, XCH₄) and from the FTS spectra. Spectral bands of CO₂ (at 6220.0 and 6339.5<span class='thinspace'></span>cm⁻¹ center wavenumbers, CH₄ at 6002<span class='thinspace'></span>cm⁻¹ wavenumber, and O₂ near 7880<span class='thinspace'></span>cm⁻¹ ) were used to derive the XCO₂ and XCH₄. In this paper, we provide comparisons of XCO₂ and XCH₄ between the aircraft observations and g-b FTS over Anmyeondo station. A comparison of 13 coincident observations of XCO₂ between g-b FTS and OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory) satellite measurements are also presented for the measurement period between February 2014 and November 2017. OCO-2 observations are highly correlated with the g-b FTS measurements (<i>r</i>² = 0.884) and exhibited a small positive bias (0.189<span class='thinspace'></span>ppm). Both data set capture seasonal variations of the target species with maximum and minimum values in spring and late summer, respectively. In the future, it is planned to further utilize the FTS measurements for the evaluation of satellite observations such as Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT, GOSAT-2). This is the first report of the g-b FTS observations of XCO₂ species over the Anmyeondo station.</p> </P>

臨床看護師의 職務滿足度와 消盡程度와의 關係 硏究

吳順愛 조선의대 1987 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.12 No.-

科學領域에서의 聯想辭典作成과 그 活用性

吳岱燮,李善行,孫榮姬 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1988 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

The fundamental and important thing, for science education, is to clarify the concept that represented by language. Accordingly, we introduce "the associative method", which is largely treated on psychology and as we measure the associative frequency of the words containing scientific meaning, we make an associative dictionary. Finally it would suggest the utilizable method in the actual situation of instruction of a science course of secondary school. That is to say, as we measure the frequency of associative word on a given word, we catch the intuation of preconception concerned with that word. As we deal with it educationally, we will search the effective method which can be utilized in teaching of concept which is the most important task in the science education. It was identified that the frequency of experience in common things is the decisive factor of the frequency of the association for the given atimulating word. Therefore, we could conclude that the associative dictionary producted on this thesis, which is considered the considered the content structures of subject matter and students' cognitive structures, can be utilized as an useful material in a real situation of instruction.

가정환경과 자기개념과의 관계

이선우,조수철,신윤오 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.4

Objects : The family is not only the first social group one encounters, it is also a closed relationship with a growth process which helps form social norms, attitudes toward the self and self-concepts as a result of incoporating many different experiences. This study applied the Family Environment Scale(FES) and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale(PHS-CSCS) concurrently to study the correlation between family environment and self-concept and also examined the family environment forming a positive self-concept through the results of the FES and PHSCSCS. Methods : the subjects were 1,076 grade 4, 5 and 6 Korean elementary school boys and girls and middle school boys and girls and 1.464 their mothers and fathers. Korean versions of the FES and PHSCSCSC, of proven reliability and validity were applied to all of the children. The parents received only the FES. Results : Significant correlations were found among the 10 FES subscales(cohesion, expressiveness, conflict, independence, achievement-oriented, intellectual-cultural oriented, active-recreational oriented, moral-religious emphasis, organization, control), the 6PHCSCS subscales(behavior, intellectual and school status, physical apperance and attributes, anxiety, popularity, happiness and satisfication) and the total score. The more positive was family environment with a low level of family incongruence, the more positive was self-concept. Multiple regression analysis showed that the most important family environmental factor forming a positive self-concept was the degree of commitment, help and support family members porvide for one another. Conclusion : This study has identified a significant correlation between family environment and self-concept. A further, more comprehensive study, including various socio-psychological factors and biological factors relating to the family environment and self-concept formation is nedded.

단계중합법에 의한 Core-Shell 구조의 Acrylic Composite Particle 제조에 관한 연구

이선룡,윤주섭,강돈오,설수덕 동아대학교 생산기술연구소 2001 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.2

Core-shell composite latex has the both properties of core and shell components. This unique behavior of core-shell composite latex can be used in many industrial fields. However, in preparation of core-shell composite latex, several unexpected are observed, such as, particle coagulation, low degree of polymerization, and formation of new particles during shell polymerization. To solve the disadvantages, we study the effect of initiator concentrations, surfactant concentrations, and reaction temperature on the core-shell structure of Polymethyl methacrylate/polystyrene and polystyren/polymethyl methacrylate. Particle size and particle size distribution were measured by using Particle Size Analyzer, and the morphology of the core-shell composite latex was determined by using Transmission Electron Microscope. Glass temperature was also measured by using Differential Scanning Calorimeter. To identify the core-shell structure, pH of the two composite latex solutions were measured.

소매업의 유통정보시스템 구축 방안 연구

옥선종,이준우,김유오 한국유통정보학회 2000 유통정보학회지 Vol.3 No.2

The information-based age will emerge according to the advancement of the whole society, change from distribution revolution to distribution information revolution has a meaning to facilitate innovation. Such distribution revolution starting with a purpose to provide various goods and competitive price for customers when real mass production, consumption appeared, finally has got to cope with the age of great transition. Distribution of informationalization helps the effectiveness of the whole distribution system by creating information network using various information function, human resources at each stage from to manufacture industry based on customer information. This paper aims to check these conditions, attempt theoretical approaches through existing literature and precedent studies, review application cases currently introduced and enforced, and clarify the fundamental framework of distribution information system available at the distribution information system in our country using the cases of advanced distribution companies. Accordingly, it examined the basic system of bar code, POS and VAN/EDI to be basis in the construction of distribution information system, compared the construction plan through advanced distribution companies and reviewed its direction, furthermore investigated mainly its application system, SCM, ECR/QR and the direction of our country's distribution information system. The limitation of this paper lies with that correct verification in the introduction and utilization of enterprises' distribution system was not performed because it was carried out through consideration by literature. For the time to come, research will be continuously conducted taking into consideration the linkage of our country's distribution information system in growing stage with that of the advanced countries in stable stage.

청소년기 비만 여학생들의 체형만족도와 적응기능

황선희,신윤오,왕성근 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

연구목적 : 이 연구는 410명의 청소년기 여학생들의 체형만족도와 적응기능을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 방 법 : 410명의 여고생을 대상으로 그들의 현재 체중과 현재 신장에 의한 BMI에 따라 저체중군, 정상체중군, 과체중군으로 분류한 후 세 군에서의 현재 신장과 체중, 원하는 신장과 체중, 원하는 체중과 현재 체중의 차이, 원하는 신장과 현재 신장의 차이, 원하는 BMI와 현재 BMI의 차이, 체중 불만족도, 신장 불만족도, 체형 불만족도와 한국판 식사태도검사, 한국판 offer 청소년 자아상 설문지, 상태-특성 자기 평가 불안척도, 한국판 Beck의 우울척도, 거식증 검사 척도를 비교하였다. 결 과 : 1) 전체 여학생들(410명)은 과체중군(BMI≥25)=27명(6.6%), 정상체중군(19≤BMI≤25)=278명(67.8%), 저체중군(BMI〈19)=105명(25.6%)으로 분류되었다. 2) 과체중군의 원하는 체중과 현재 체중의 차이, 원하는 신장과 현재 신장의 차이가 다른 두 군보다 유의한 차이가 있었다. 과체중군의 현재 신장이 저체중군의 현재 신장보다 유의하게 작았다. 세 군의 원하는 신장은 차이가 없었다. 3) 과체중군과 정상체중군이 저체중군보다 체중의 불만족도가 유의하게 높았다. 신장 불만족도와 체형 불만족도에서는 세군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 저체중군의 체중 불만족도를 제외하고 세 군 모두에서 높은 체중, 신장, 체형 불만족도를 보였다. 4) 각 척도의 평균치에 의해 과체중군과 다른 두 군 사이를 비교해 보았을 때 과체중군의 한국판 0ffer 청소년 자아상 설문지의 상위적응 소척도와 거식증 검사척도의 증상 소척도의 평균치가 다른 두군과 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또, 과체중군의 거식증 검사척도의 증상 심도 소척도의 평균치가 저체증군의 평균치와 유의한 차이가 있었다. 한국판 식사 태도검사, 상태-특성 불안척도, Beck의 우울척도, Offer 청소년 자아상 설문지의 그외 소척도에서 과체중군과 다른 두 군과의 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 1) 과체중군의 비율이 서구 연구의 과체중 여학생들이 비율보다 적었다. 2) 본 연구의 결과는 과체중군이 다른 두 군보다 더 많은 체형의 변화를 원하고 있으며, 과체중군이 폭식행동을 할 가능성과 낮은 적응 체계를 가지고 있을 가능성이 있다는 것을 시사한다. Objectives : This study was designed to explore body-shape satisfaction and adjustment functions in 410 adolescent school girls. Methods : After underweight, normal-weight and overweight groups were identified among 410 high school girls according to BMI(body mass index), we compared current weight & height, ideal weight & height, subtracted value of ideal weight from current weight, subtracted value of ideal height from current height, subtracted value of ideal BMI from current BMI, weight dissatisfaction, height dissatisfaction, body-shape dissatisfaction, and EAT-26(Eating Attitude Test-26), OSIQ(Offer Self-Image Questionnaire for Adolescents), STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), BITE(Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh) among the three groups. Results : 1) The subjects consisted with overweight group(BMI〉25, N=27, 6.6%), normal-weight group(19≤BMI≤25, N=278, 67.8%), and underweight group(BMI〈19, N=105, 25.6%). 2) In comparison to other groups, overweight group was significantly different in subtracted value of ideal weight from current weight and subtracted value of ideal height from current height. These results suggest that overweight group wants greater body-shape change than other groups. Overweight group was significantly shorter in height than underweight group. There were no significant differences in ideal height among the groups. 3) Overweight group and normal-weight group showed significantly higher weight dissatisfaction than underweight group. There were no significant differences in height dissatisfaction and body-shape dissatisfaction among the three groups. All groups showed higher weight, height dissatisfaction and body-shape dissatisfaction except higher weight dissatisfaction in underweight group. 4) In comparison of overweignt group with other groups by mean difference of each scale, there was significant difference in superior adjustment subscale of the OSIQ and symptom subscale of the BITE between overweight group and other groups. There was also significant difference in symptom serenity subscale of the BITE between overweight and underweight groups. There was no significant difference in EAT-26, STAI, BDI, other subscales of OSIQ among the groups. Conclusions : 1) The distribution rate of overweight group was lower than in western studies. 2) These results suggest that overweight group wants greater body-shape change than other groups, and overweight group may have binge-eating and poor coping system.

인공배양시 본 가토여포난자의 형태적 변화 : Ⅰ. 광학현미경적 연구

정순오,배인하,신태선 대한의학협회 1974 대한의학협회지 Vol.17 No.6