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Allergen-induced airway inflammation and its therapeutic intervention
Paul M O’Byrne 대한천식알레르기학회 2009 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.1 No.1
Allergen inhalation challenge has been useful for examining the mechanisms of allergen-induced airway inflammation and the associated physiological changes and for documenting the efficacy of drugs to treat asthma. Allergen inhalation by a sensitized subject results in acute bronchoconstriction, beginning within 15-30 min and lasting 1-3 hr, which can be followed by the development of a late asthmatic response. Individuals who develop both an early and late response after allergen have more marked increases in airway hyperresponsiveness, and greater increases in allergen-induced airway inflammation, particularly in airway eosinophils and basophils. All of the currently available and effective treatments for asthma modify some aspects of allergen-induced responses. These medications include short-acting and long-acting inhaled b2- agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, cromones, methylxanthines, leukotriene inhibitors, and anti-IgE monoclonal antibody. In addition, allergen inhalation challenge has become a useful method which can, in a very limited number of patients, provide key information on the therapeutic potential of new drugs being developed to treat asthma.
GINSENG INHIBITS ACETYLCHOLINE-INDUCED CONTRACTILE RESPONSES OF AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE
O'Byrne, PM,Han, J. H. 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1995 원광한의학 Vol.5 No.1
Panax ginseng, a traditional herb medicine, has been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for chromic disease. Ginsing is known to relax arterial smooth muscle, however, the effect of ginsing on tracheal smooth muscle is not known. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of ginsing on acetylcholine-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats. Sprague Dawley rats (200g, female) were killed by CO_2 exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the thoracic trachea from each rat was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5g loading tension. The dose of acetylcholine (Ach) which evoked 50% of maximal response (ED_50) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for acetylcholine (10^-7 -10^-4M). Contractions evoked by Ach (ED_50) were inhibited significantly by ginseng. The mean percent inhibition was 28±2%(p=0.01) after 1mg/ml ginseng, and 65±3% (p=0.01) after 3mg/ml ginseng. Indomethacin (10^-7M) slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of ginseng. Following treatment with indomethacin, the mean percent inhibition caused by 1mg/ml ginseng fell to 19±2%(p=0.02) and by 3mg/ml ginseng fell to 55±3%(p=0.01)(n=11). Propranolol(10^-7M) did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of ginseng. These results indicate that ginseng can relax actylcholine-induced contraction of rat tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves, in part, the release of cyclooxygenase products.
Repeatability and Reliability Evaluation of a Wireless Head-band Sensor
Stephen Tiernan,David O'Sullivan,Gary Byrne 대한운동학회 2018 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.20 No.4
[OBJECTIVES] The objective of this study to examine the reliability and repeatability of the headband sensor in comparison with the gold standard 3 linear and 3 angular rate sensors placed at the center of gravity of the Hybrid III dummy head during drop tests. [METHODS] A SIM-G headband sensor was attached to a Hybrid III dummy head and neck which was equipped with a triaxial accelerometer and 3 angular rate sensors. Linear acceleration and angular rate was sampled at 10,000 Hz while the SIM-G headband was sampled at 1000 Hz and 800 Hz respectively. A drop test was developed to test between 20 to 140 g and consisted of a total of 400 impacts in four locations, left occipital, right occipital, frontal and rear impacts with 100 impacts per location. Multiple tests were performed at the same height to verify the reliability of the devices. SIM-G data and the reference sensors were compared for validity. [RESULTS] The reliability measured by Cronbach's alpha showed very high repeatability for the SIM-G (α = 0.97-0.99). However, the validity measurement, Pearson's Correlation coefficient (r), showed a weak to very strong relationship (r=0.2-0.9). [CONCLUSIONS] While using the SIM-G sensor to help monitor head impact, the weak to strong validity of the SIM-G sensor must be carefully considered by the clinicians or researchers as a serious limitation.
공동 상류 경사 분사를 이용한 초음속 연소기의 실험적 연구, Part 1 : OH-PLIF 측정
Jeong, Eun-Ju,Jeung, In-Seuck,O'Byrne, Sean,Houwing, A.F.P 한국연소학회 2007 한국연소학회지 Vol.12 No.1
The supersonic combustion experiments are carried out using T3 free-piston shock tunnel. Different shock tube fill pressures have various inflow conditions. $15^{\circ}$ inclined hydrogen fuel injection is located before the cavity. Oblique shock is generated from the cavity and reflects off the top and bottom wall. For non-reacting flow, fuel makes the shear layer thicker above the cavity therefore, the shock is generated just before the trailing edge. This research has self-ignition in the combustor. For reacting flow, as the equivalence ratio increases, flame starts to generate near the injector or occur in the recirculation zone before the injector. High fuel injection sustains the jet shape in the cross flow and air can mix with fuel along the shear layer. Therefore, two flame layers find above the cavity for high equivalence ratio.
Das, M.,Du, Y.,Mortensen, J.,Ribeiro, O.,Hariharan, P.,Guan, L.,Loland, C.,Kobilka, B.,Byrne, B.,Chae, P. THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY 2017 Chemical Science Vol.8 No.2
<P>Amphiphile selection is a crucial step in membrane protein structural and functional study. As conventional detergents have limited scope and utility, novel agents with enhanced efficacy need to be developed. Although a large number of novel agents have been reported, so far there has been no systematically designed comparative study of the protein stabilization efficacy of stereo-isomeric amphiphiles. Here we designed and prepared a novel class of stereo-isomeric amphiphiles, designated butane-1,2,3,4-tetraolbased maltosides (BTMs). These stereoisomers showed markedly different behaviour for most of the targeted membrane proteins depending on the chirality of the linker region. These findings indicate an important role for detergent stereochemistry in membrane protein stabilization. In addition, we generally observed enhanced detergent efficacy with increasing alkyl chain length, reinforcing the importance of the balance between hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity in detergent design. The stereo-isomeric difference in detergent efficacy observed provides an important design principle for the development of novel amphiphiles for membrane protein manipulation.</P>