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- 저자 : Nyankima, Ange Gloria (검색결과 1 건)
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Nyankima, Ange Gloria North Carolina State University ProQuest Dissertat 2019 해외박사(DDOD)
Phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) are positioned to improve the reach of diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound. These contrast agents, also known as nanodroplets, are formulated with liquid perfluorocarbon cores, which result in smaller mean diameter and increased in vivo stability, as compared to their microbubble (MB) counterpart. When needed for imaging or therapy, PCCAs are vaporized, or activated, into a gas, whereas MBs are formulated as such. With a gas core, both agents will produce unique backscattered signal as a result of oscillating in an acoustic field. In contrast to MBs, PCCAs have the potential to expand the reach of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) beyond vascular barriers. This has vast advantages in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ultrasound technology. The oscillating nature of UCAs can be utilized for more than just signal generation. Depending on the application, this phenomenon in vivo can induce biological effects that has the potential to injure surrounding tissue. For diagnostic purposes, imaging with UCAs should be optimized to minimize negative tissue response in the organ being examined. Alternatively, for therapeutic outcomes, an oscillating UCA is utilized to intentionally produce bioeffects to the surrounding tissue, including temporarily opening biological barriers that limit drug delivery. In order to achieve these goals of safe diagnostic imaging and enhanced therapeutic outcomes, it is necessary to optimize PCCA formulation with respect to the desired in vivo response. I hypothesize that by characterizing in vivo responses as a function of PCCA formulation, one can arrive at the ideal formulation for the desired ultrasound application.혻In my first objective, I will explore the use of PCCAs for diagnostic imaging. I will begin this objective by exploring potential bioeffects from MB-mediated contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), which utilizes an imaging sequence involving high amplitude pulses which cause substantial microbubble disruption. With this understanding, I will proceed to investigate potential bioeffects from PCCA-mediated CEUS, particularly focusing on the vaporization phase of PCCA-mediated CEUS. In this study, bioeffects will be measured as a function of PCCA formulation. My second objective will be to identify an optimal PCCA formulation for enhanced thermal ablation. The pursuit will require investigating the lesion size and heating efficiency from exposing various PCCA formulations to high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in a tissue-mimicking phantom. We will conclude with future directions of PCCA technology as a drug-delivering vehicle. It is my hope that this work will be utilized to further the advancement of PCCA technology, towards in vivo applications in diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications with ultrasound.혻.
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