Fiber Morphology and Physical Characteristics of Gigantochloa atter at Three Different Ages and Heights of Culms for Better Utilization1

Sri Nugroho Marsoem,Fajar Setiaji,Nam Hum Kim,Joko Sulistyo,Denny Irawati,Widyanto Dwi Nugroho,Yus Andini Bekti Pertiwi 한국목재공학회 2015 목재공학 Vol.43 No.2

Fiber morphology and basic characteristics of Legi bamboos (Gigantochloa atter) growing on Yogyakarta were studied considering their age and height positions in the culms. Culms of 4, 16, and 40 months were harvested, and their total lengths were measured. The length, diameter, and wall thickness of each internode were measured. All the sample culms were divided into three different parts along the height, and their fiber dimension and physical properties were observed. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that the culms had a diameter of 5.8 to 10.8 cm. The lowest internodes always showed the shortest length and the thickest wall. The culms had an average fiber length of 2.41 mm and Runkel ratio of 0.61. Fiber length was affected by the height, while fiber diameter, lumen diameter, and fiber wall thickness were affected significantly by the age of the culms. The culms had high green moisture content (GMC) of 157.89%, and basic density (BD) of 456.67 kg.m -3 , a total longitudinal shrinkage of 0.35%, and relatively low R/T shrinkage ratio. The interactions between age and height were affected GMC and BD.

Rethinking Indonesia’s E-Government Strategy: Between the Current and The Future Development

( Nugroho A. Prasetyo ) 한국행정학회 2023 한국행정학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2023 No.1

Recent developments in Indonesia indicate that the existing conception of e-government, which emphasizes improved quality and efficiency in public services, needs to be re-examined, particularly from the long-term perspective. The study offers a prospective perspective that characterizes e-government in the world as a tool for improved government in the most general sense. It positions egovernment at the center of public management modernization and reform, where technology is used as a strategic tool to modernize public administrations' structures, processes, regulatory frameworks, human resources, and organizational cultures in order to deliver better government and, ultimately, increase public value. In this opinion, e-government must be increasingly networked, dispersed, and knowledge-based. Unfortunately, there are numerous approaches concerning the strategy of e-government that could give us the misapprehension. By combining the definitions and goals of e-government strategy, especially from the valid literature, this article intends to propose a thorough and encompassing definition of e-government strategy and to outline the goals of carrying out such projects in order to provide the suggestion for the government of Indonesia.

Simultaneous quantification and validation of new peroxynitrite scavengers from <i>Artemisia iwayomogi</i>

Nugroho, Agung,Lim, Sang-Cheol,Karki, Subash,Choi, Jae Sue,Park, Hee-Juhn Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2015 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.53 No.5

<P><I>Context</I>: <I>Artemisia iwayomogi</I> Kitamura (Compositae) has been very widely used for the treatment of acute or chronic hepatitis, jaundice, and gastritis. In the course of our continuing efforts to identify and quantify peroxynitrite scavengers from Compositae plants, <I>A. iwayomogi</I> was used in this study.</P><P><I>Objective</I>: The present study was aimed to identify and quantify the peroxynitrite scavengers of <I>A. iwayomogi</I>.</P><P><I>Materials and methods</I>: Silica gel and ODS were used for column chromatography. The isolated compounds were quantified using an HPLC equipped with a Capcell Pak C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.), and the method was validated for the quality control. Peroxynitrite (ONOO<SUP>−</SUP>)-scavenging activities of the compounds and extracts were evaluated on the measurement of highly fluorescent rhodamine 123 converted from non-fluorescent dihydrorhodamine (DHR)-123 under the presence of peroxynitrite.</P><P><I>Results</I>: Based on the spectroscopic evidences, a new compound, 2″-<I>O</I>-caffeoylrutin (2″-<I>O-trans</I>-caffeic acid ester of quercetin 3-<I>O</I>-α-<SMALL>L</SMALL>-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 6)-β-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-glucopyranoside) was isolated and determined together with patuletin 3-<I>O</I>-glucoside, scopolin, scopoletin, rutin, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and chlorogenic acid. All of them were potent peroxynitrite scavengers (IC<SUB>50</SUB> ≤ 1.88 μg/mL).</P><P><I>Discussion and conclusion</I>: The peroxynitrite scavengers were mainly distributed in the EtOAc fraction rather than the ether and BuOH fractions. The 70% MeOH extract exhibited a high peroxynitrite-scavenging activity. Through the validation, the present HPLC method was verified to be sufficiently sensitive, accurate, precise, and stable. Therefore, this method can be used for the quality control of <I>A. iwayomogi</I>.</P>

Simultaneous analysis and peroxynitrite-scavenging activity of galloylated flavonoid glycosides and ellagic acid in Euphorbia supina

Nugroho, Agung,Rhim, Tae-Jin,Choi, Moo-Young,Choi, Jae Sue,Kim, Youn-Chul,Kim, Min-Sun,Park, Hee-Juhn 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.7

The herbs of Euphorbia supina (Euphorbiaceae) have been used to treat hemorrhage, chronic bronchitis, hepatitis, jaundice, diarrhea, gastritis, and hemorrhoids as a medicinal herb. This work is aimed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the polyphenols with peroxynitrite-scavenging activities. The eight compounds: gallic acid, methyl gallate, avicularin, astragalin, juglanin, isoquercitrin 6"-gallate, astragalin 6"-gallate, and ellagic acid, were isolated from E. supina and used for HPLC analysis and peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$)-scavenging assay. Simultaneous analysis of the eight compounds was performed on MeOH extract and its fractions. The contents in MeOH extract and peroxynitrite-scavenging activities of the dimer of gallic acid, ellagic acid (15.64 mg/g; $IC_{50}$ $0.89{\mu}M$), and two galloylated flavonoid glycosides, astragalin 6"-gallate (13.72 mg/g; $IC_{50}$ $1.43{\mu}M$) and isoquercitrin 6"-gallate (16.99 mg/g; $IC_{50}$ $1.75{\mu}M$),were high, compared to other compounds. The legendary uses of E. supina could be attributed to the high content of polyphenols, particularly ellagic acid, isoquercitrin 6"-gallate, and astragalin 6"-gallate as active principles.

Hepatoprotective effects of ethnic cabbage dishes: a comparison study on kimchi and pao cai

Nugroho David,Surya Reggie,Nurkolis Fahrul,Surya Ervan,Thinthasit Aphinya,Kamal Nurkhalida,Oh Jin-Seok,Benchawattananon Rachadaporn 한국식품연구원 2023 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.10 No.31

Consuming ethnic vegetable dishes, that has been an integral part in the food culture of many countries, is suggested to bring health benefits to humans. Kimchi from Korea and pao cai from China are two distinct vegetable dishes made from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) through different processes. While kimchi is a fermented food, pao cai is produced by pickling in brine or vinegar. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the hepatoprotective effects of kimchi and pao cai in vivo using animal model and in vitro using a cell line. Despite having similar nutritional profiles, kimchi and pao cai exhibited different chemical and microbiological properties. Compared to pao cai, the pH during fermentation of kimchi dropped more rapidly and the antioxidant activity of kimchi was also stronger. In addition, total microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria were consistently higher in kimchi than in pao cai. In vivo, the hepatoprotective properties of kimchi and pao cai were associated with the increase in expression and activity of major liver antioxidant enzymes, particularly glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. In vitro, both kimchi and pao cai promoted the formation of glutathione. Upon exposure to chemically induced oxidative stress, kimchi protected liver cells by inhibiting glutathione depletion and limiting lipid peroxidation. In general, kimchi demonstrated stronger hepatoprotective properties compared to pao cai. Thus, the present study provides promising insights into the development of ethnic foods, particularly kimchi and pao cai, as functional foods beneficial for human health.

Current Advances in Cryopreservation of Microalgae

Nugroho, Wahyu Sri Kunto,Kim, Do-A,Kim, Dong-Woo,Koo, Bon-Won,Hur, Young Baek,Kim, Hak Jun The Korean Society of Marine Life Science 2016 한국해양생명과학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Microalgae are of significant importance for future biotechnological applications. Many microalgae banks or laboratories attempt to maintain various microalgae for further research purposes. Cryopreservation has been preferred to reduce a labor-intensive and costly routine sub-culturing. Cryopreservation can also diminish the genetic drift risk. However, cryopreservation as a long term storage of microalgae method are still in developing progress because it cannot be generalized for all microalgae. Microalgae types, cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) types, freezing and thawing methods are the most important factors that should be considered for cryopreservation. In this short review the basic principles and the current advanced of microalgae cryopreservation methods are discussed with a suggested starting parameters for microalgae cryopreservation.

GARCH-X(1, 1) model allowing a non-linear function of the variance to follow an AR(1) process

Nugroho Didit B,Wicaksono Bernadus AA,Larwuy Lennox 한국통계학회 2023 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.30 No.2

GARCH-X(1,1) model specifies that conditional variance follows an AR(1) process and includes a past exogenous variable. This study proposes a new class from that model by allowing a more general (non-linear) variance function to follow an AR(1) process. The functions applied to the variance equation include exponential, Tukey's ladder, and Yeo–Johnson transformations. In the framework of normal and student-t distributions for return errors, the empirical analysis focuses on two stock indices data in developed countries (FTSE100 and SP500) over the daily period from January 2000 to December 2020. This study uses 10-minute realized volatility as the exogenous component. The parameters of considered models are estimated using the adaptive random walk metropolis method in the Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm and implemented in the Matlab program. The 95% highest posterior density intervals show that the three transformations are significant for the GARCH-X(1,1) model. In general, based on the Akaike information criterion, the GARCH-X(1,1) model that has return errors with student-t distribution and variance transformed by Tukey's ladder function provides the best data fit. In forecasting value-at-risk with the 95% confidence level, the Christoffersen’s independence test suggest that non-linear models is the most suitable for modeling return data, especially model with the Tukey's ladder transformation.

Evaluation of Thermal Hysteresis Activity of Ice-binding Proteins Using Ice-etching and Molecular Docking

Nugroho, Wahyu Sri Kunto,Wu, Sangwook,Kim, Hak Jun Korean Chemical Society 2018 대한화학회지 Vol.62 No.2

Ice-binding proteins have an affinity for ice. They create a gap between the melting and freezing points by inhibiting the growth of ice, known as thermal hysteresis (TH). Interestingly, moderately active LeIBP and hyperactive FfIBP are almost identical in primary and tertiary structures, but differ in TH activity. The TH of FfIBP is tenfold higher than that of LeIBP, due to a subtle difference in their ice-binding motifs. To further evaluate the difference in TH, the interactions were investigated by ice-etching and molecular docking. Ice-etching showed that FfIBP binds to the primary and secondary prism, pyramidal, and basal planes; previously, LeIBP was found to bind to the basal and primary prism planes. Docking analysis using shape complementarity (Sc) showed that the hyperactive FfIBP had higher Sc values for all four ice planes than LeIBP, which is comparable with TH. Docking can be used to describe the hyperactivity of IBPs.

Effects of dihydrocubebin, a lignan isolated from Indonesian plant Piper cubeba, on the histamine release from rat mast cells

Nugroho, Agung Endro,Wahyono, Wahyono,Wahyuono, Subagus,Maeyama, Kazutaka Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2010 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.10 No.3

The fruits of Piper cubeba L. are used traditionally to treat respiratory disorders in Indonesia. In order to determine the compounds responsible for this activity, the fruits were extracted with nhexane followed by ethanol to give n-hexane and ethanol extracts. Based on tracheospasmolytic assay on these two extracts, the n-hexane extract was more active to inhibit trachea contraction than that of ethanol extract. Upon bioassay guided isolation of the n-hexane extract, a tracheospasmolytic active compound was isolated and identified as dihydrocubebin [(3,4),(3',4')-bis-methylenedioxy-9,9'dihydroxylignan] $(\underline{1})$. Compound $\underline{1}$ was tested further for its ability to inhibit histamine released from mast cells, using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cell line and rat peritoneal mast cells RPMCs) as models; and $DNP_{24}$-BSA, thapsigargin, ionomycin, compound 48/80 and PMA were used as inducers for histamine released from mast cell. The test result showed that $\underline{1}$ inhibited histamine release from RBL-2H3 cells induced by $DNP_{24}$-BSA, thapsigargin and ionomycin. In addition, $\underline{1}$ suppressed histamine release from RPMC induced by either thapsigargin or ionomycin. However, $\underline{1}$ did not inhibit histamine release from RPMC induced by either compound 48/80 or combination PMA-sub optimum dose of ionomycin. Therefore, it was concluded that the inhibitory effects of $\underline{1}$ on the histamine released from mast cells may involve mechanisms related to intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ signaling events or downstream processes of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ signaling in mast cells.

A Study of Electron Beam Welding Ratios on Dissimilar Titanium Alloys : Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al and Ti-6Al-4V

Nugroho Janu Ageng,Muhammad Iman Utama,Nokeun Park,Eung Ryul Baek 대한용접·접합학회 2019 대한용접학회 특별강연 및 학술발표대회 개요집 Vol.2019 No.5