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개호보험의 실시가 병원경영에 미치는 영향 : 일본 후라데 니시노병원의 경영사례를 중심으로
南銀祐,徐種範,西野憲一,芭修一 고신대학교 보건과학연구소 2002 보건과학연구소보 Vol.12 No.-
Since the introduction of Long Term Care Insurance (Kaigohoken), the hospital management style in Japan has changed. The experiences of the Japanese can be used by the Koreans to improve their hospital management style. The Case study hospital, The Nishino General hospital, had established an intermediate facility (Rojinhokenshisetsu) which consisted of a home care service center, a visiting nursing center etc. to form a health, medical and welfare mix style management system. For the analysis of the system, how it was established and management, we studied the financial statements of the 2001 Furate (Corporation of Nishino hospital etc.). From the analysis of the financial statements one could see that the Rojinhokenshisetsu had a higher profit margin than the hospital itself. This has to do with the Japanese government's administrative plan in decreasing the number of acute hospitals while trying to increase the number and upbringing of long term care facilities and mixed style welfare service facilities. And the reason for the difference in profit is because of the quick response of the hospitals in following the plan. This conversion of administrative plans and medical management structure has not only decreased the national medical expense but has also given the regional population a comprehensive health care system and can be seen as a desirable model. Owing to the desirable changes from the conversion in administrative plans and medical management structure brought on by the Long Term Care Insurance in Japan, one can see Korea also applying such methods and forming a Long Term Care Insurance in the near future.
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Papyrus reinforced poly(L-lactic acid) composite
Nishino, Takashi,Hirao, Koichi,Kotera, Masaru The Korean Society for Composite Materials 2007 Advanced composite materials Vol.16 No.4
Mechanical reinforcement of an all-sustainable composite, composed of papyrus stem-milled particles as reinforcement and poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) resin as matrix, was investigated. The papyrus particles (average diameter of $70{\mu}m$) could be well dispersed in PLLA resin up to 50 wt% without any surface modification. Young's modulus of the composite was 4.2 GPa at 50 wt% of the papyrus content. This is a two-fold increment in modulus as compared to that of the PLLA matrix. The tensile strength of the composite was almost constant around 48 MPa irrespective of the papyrus content. Temperature dependence of the storage modulus demonstrated that the incorporation of papyrus restricts the large drop in the modulus above the glass transition of PLLA.
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DIGESTION OF ALKALI-TREATED ALFALFA SILAGE BY GOATS
Nishino, N.,Ohshima, M.,Miyase, K.,Yokota, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.1
First crop of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was harvested, wilted and ensiled with or without NaOH or $NH_3$, and fed to three rumen fistulated goats in a $3{\times}3$ Latin-square design. Each alkali treatment (2.44% of alfalfa dry matter) was made by spraying its solution prior to ensiling. Silage pH, $NH_3-N$ and butyric acid concentration were increased with each alkali addition, and NaOH-treated silage showed the lowest chemical quality. Compared with untreated silage, digestibilities of organic matter, ADF and cellulose were depressed by both alkali treatments, and the reductions in NaOH-treated silage were significant. Crude protein digestibility was also significantly decreased in NaOH-treated silage, but the goats receiving the silage excreted less nitrogen in urine than those on the other two silages. Nitrogen retention of goats was not different among the treatments. Ruminal solubility and potential degradability of dry matter and nitrogen determined with the in situ bag technique were reduced, and rate of degradation of the two components were increased by the NaOH treatment. Addition of $NH_3$ provided ruminal soluble nitrogen to the silage, but the rate of degradation was similar to that of untreated silage. These results suggest that NaOH treatment would denature the protein and reduce the susceptibility to microbial degradation in the rumen, while no positive effect of alkali treatment on fiber digestion and nitrogen utilization was observed in this study.
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Nishino, N.,Ohshima, M.,Yokota, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.3
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of addition of Lucerne juice (LJ) obtained by mechanical extraction of freshly harvested crop on the nutritive value of rice straw silage. Rice straw (RS) was ensiled with intact, NaOH or $NH_3$ treated LJ at 3:7 ratio on fresh weight basis (LJ RS, LJ NaOH RS and LJ $NH_3$ RS, respectively). Each alkali was mixed with fresh juice at a level of 4% of rice straw dry matter just before ensiling. Rice straw ensiled with water was prepared as the control (W RS). In the digestion trial, goats were allocated in a $4{\times}4$ Latin-square design and fed the diet containing three parts of RS silage and one part of wheat bran (DM basis). For the goats receiving the control silage, urea was supplemented at feeding time so as to adjust the nitrogen intake except for goats on LJ $NH_3$ RS silage. Crude protein content of RS silage was increased from 5.2 to 9.1% (DM basis) by the addition of intact LJ and to about 24% by $NH_3$ treated LJ. The control W RS silage contained only trace amount of lactic acid and was dominated by acetic and butyric acid. The addition of intact LJ reduced butyric acid content and $NH_3-N/TN$ of the silage whereas the addition of alkalized LJ increased those values and shifted to a butyrate type fermentation. Nutrient digestibilities and nitrogen balance of goats were almost the same when they were fed W RS and LJ RS silage indicating the addition of intact LJ did not improve the nutritive value. The addition of alkalized LJ significantly increased the fiber digestibilities of RS silage and $NH_3$ treatment was more effective than NaOH treatment. Postprandial ruminal $NH_3-N$ and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were decreased by feeding LJ NaOH RS silage suggesting ruminal protein synthesis was enhanced along with the increase of energy supply for supply for rumen microbes by the alkali treatment. The advantageous fiber digestibilities of LJ $NH_3$ RS silage compared with those of LJ NaOH RS silage might be attributable to a sufficient nitrogen supply for microbial fiber digestion in the rumen.
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( Nishino Eriko ) 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2020 건지인문학 Vol.0 No.28
The study analyzed 'Role Language' of characters' dialogues shown on Okinawa Literature. In human relations, Okinawa dialect was used more in family relations. Both standard language and Okinawa dialect were used for dialogues with people other than family. In family relations, Okinawa dialect was used more frequently than other relations and a variety of Okinawa dialect was used. Okinawa dialect was used in many ways when a character was talking to oneself or a listener was an Okinawan. A phonetic side of Okinawa dialect was shown on the literature. Okinawa dialect had a characteristic of not having 'e' and 'o' that Japanese language had. It could be proved that a character was from Okinawa by using those kinds of expressions. Okinawa dialect had different types of functions according to social attributes. Specifically, there was a distinction according to a character's social position. In Okinawa literature, stereotypes of vocabulary or language which was related to particular dialect were shown.
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Nishino, Sho,Tanimura, Yoshihiko,Ebata, Yoshiaki,Yoshizawa, Michio The Korean Association for Radiation Protection 2016 방사선방어학회지 Vol.41 No.3
Background: The moderated neutron calibration fields using $^{241}Am$-Be sources and a graphite moderator have been constructed at the Facility of Radiation Standard (FRS) in the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA). Materials and Methods: The neutron spectra of the fields were evaluated by the Monte-Carlo calculations and measurements using the Bonner Multi-sphere Spectrometer. Results and Discussion: The fields have continuous neutron spectra from several MeV to thermal neutron energy, with fluence-averaged energies of 0.84 MeV and 0.60 MeV. Reference values of fluence rates and ambient/personal dose equivalent rates were determined from neutron spectra by measurements. Conclusion: Currently, the fields are available for calibration or performance test of neutron measuring instruments.
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Mathematical Analysis of Lexical-Functional Grammars : Complexity, Parsability, and Learnability
Nishino, Tetsuro 서울대학교 어학연구소 1991 語學硏究 Vol.27 No.1
In order to specify the syntax of human languages, J. Bresnan and R. M. Kaplan introduced Lexical-Functional Grammars (LFGs) extending contest-free grammars (CFGs) by attaching functional equations to each production of CFGs. The LFG theory has been advanced with the aim of meeting the dual demands of parsability and learnability. R. C. Berwick has shown, however, that the membership problem for LFGs is NP-hard and that the LFG theory must be tightened if one wants to avoid computational intractability. In this paper, we first show another formal properties of LFG theory suggesting its computational intractability, which are stated as follows : (1) the emptiness problem for LFGs is undecidable, and (2) the membership problem for LFGs which have one ε-production is EXPTIME-hard. Based on this observation, we introduce Frontier-to-Root LFGs (FRLFGs) by restricting the form of functional equations attached to phrase structure rules. Then we show that the membership and parsing problems for FRLFGs can be solved in O (n^2) time if the underlying CFG is unambiguous. Since the famous non context-free language {a^kb^kc^k|k≥1} can be generated by an unambiguous FRLFG, we obtain that the membership and parsing problems for this language can be solved in O (n^2) time. We also show that, given a string x of the length n, the membership and parsing problems for an FRLFG G can be solved in O (n^3+d(x, G)·n) time, where d(x, G) is the degree of ambiguity of x with respect to G. Furthermore, we show that there is a polynomial time algorithm to learn the set of annotated phrase structure rules of an unknown FRLFG using structural membership, structural equivalence, and structural output queries. Thus, we propose a sufficiently large subclass of LFGs meeting the dual demands of parsability and learnability from computational theoretic points of view.
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Nishino, Hitoo,Hida, Hideki,Takei, Norie,Kumazaki, Michiko,Nakajima, Keiya,Baba, Hiroko 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2003 [일송 국제심포지엄] 노화와 만성퇴행성 신경질환 Vol.- No.5
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)/fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-responsive stem (progenitor) cells from embryonic brain have self-renewing and multipotent properties and thus are good candidates for donor cells in neural transplantation. However, the survival and differentiation to mature neurons after grafting of stern cells into adult brain are rather poor. We hypothesize that the differentiation of stem cells to mature neurons, such as dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, is dependent on environmental cues that control the ontogenic development. We compared the survival and differentiation between mesencephalic (MS) and cortical (CTx) stem (progenitor) cells, following grafting into bilateral striata of hemiparkinsonian model rats. MS and CTx stem cells were prepared from E12 rats and proliferated in serum-free medium with EGF or basic FGF for 2 weeks. One day after being primed to differentiate, the cell suspensions of both origins were grafted into the bilateral striata of adult rats that had unilateral 6-OHDA lesions in the substantianigra. MS cells differentiated to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons more strongly in DA-depleted striatum than in intact striatum, and methamphetamine-induced rotation was ameliorated in half of the grafted animals. Rosette-like cell aggregation and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier(BBB) were less in and around the grafts in DA-depleted striatum, suggesting less proliferation and more differentiation of MS stem cells in DA-depleted striatum. Neither TH-positive neurons nor behavioral amelioration were detected following CTx stem (progenitor) cell transplantation in the striata. Data suggest that the DA-depleted striatum offers a suitable environment for MS stem (progenitor) cells to differentiate into mature DAergic neurons
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