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Evidence for Enhanced Telomerase Activity in Barrett's Esophagus with Dysplasia and Adenocarcinoma
Merchant, Nipun B.,Dutta, Sudhir K.,Girotra, Mohit,Arora, Manish,Meltzer, Stephen J. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2
Background: Dysplasia and adenocarcinoma developing in Barrett's esophagus (BE) are not always endoscopically identifiable. Molecular markers are needed for early recognition of these focal lesions and to identify patients at increased risk of developing adenocarcinoma. The aim of the current study was to correlate increased telomerase activity (TA) with dysplasia and adenocarcinoma occurring in the setting of BE. Materials and Methods: Esophageal mucosal biopsies were obtained from patients (N=62) who had pathologically verified BE at esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Mucosal biopsies were also obtained from the gastric fundus as controls. Based on histopathology, patients were divided into three groups: 1) BE without dysplasia (n=24); 2) BE with dysplasia (both high grade and low grade, n=13); and 3) BE with adenocarcinoma (n=25). TA was measured by a PCR-based assay (TRAPeze$^{(R)}$ ELISA Telomerase Detection Kit). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Bonferroni testing. Results: TA was significantly higher in biopsies of BE with dyplasia and BE with adenocarcinoma than in BE without dysplasia. Subgroup analyses did not reveal any significant correlations between TA and patient age, length of BE, or presence of gastritis. Conclusions: Telomerase activity in esophageal mucosal biopsies of BE may constitute a useful biomarker for the early detection of esophageal dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.
Multiple token-based neighbor discovery for directional sensor networks
Nagaraju, Shamanth,Gudino, Lucy J.,Sood, Nipun,Chandran, Jasmine G.,Sreejith, V. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2020 ETRI Journal Vol.42 No.3
Directional sensor networks (DSNs) can significantly improve the performance of a network by employing energy efficient communication protocols. Neighbor discovery is a vital part of medium access control (MAC) and routing protocol, which influences the establishment of communication between neighboring nodes. Neighbor discovery is a challenging task in DSNs due to the limited coverage provided by directional antennas. Furthermore, in these networks, communication can only take place when the beams of the directional antennas are pointed toward each other. In this article, we propose a novel multiple token-based neighbor discovery (MuND) protocol, in which multiple tokens are transmitted based on an area exploration algorithm. The performance of the protocol is evaluated using the Cooja simulator. The simulation results reveal that the proposed MuND protocol achieves lower neighbor discovery latency, with a 100% neighbor discovery ratio, and has a relatively low communication overhead and low energy consumption.
Abu Ahmed,Atiar Rahman,Sarowar Jahan Khan,Nipun Mojumder,Farjana Sharmin,Muhammad Abu Bakar,Kamirul Hasan Chowdhury,Mohammad Ali Azadi 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2016 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.31 No.4
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been used in phytoextraction to uptake heavy metals and trace elements in various experiments. This research investigated the protective effects of Water hyacinth extracts on Lead (Pb)-induced toxicity in the albino rat. Forty-eight six-weeks-old Wistar albino male rats (average weight, 180 ± 6.45 g) were divided into six groups: normal control (NC), Pb control (PbC), Chloroform extract (ChEx), Ethyl acetate extract (EAEx), Methanol extract (MeEx) and Ascorbic acid treated groups (AA, positive control). All animals except NC group have been administered with Lead acetate (Pb(CH3COOH)2) before the therapeutic dose. Thrombolytic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated by modified clot lysis and Brine shrimp lethality tests respectively. Biochemical analyses reports revealed that ChEx significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) whereas MeEx did the alanine amino transferase (ALT) in comparison to positive control. ChEx significantly inhibited the Pb deposition in kidney and liver than two other extracts. ChEx significantly increased the liver protein compared to PbC group. In the thrombolytic assay, EAEx showed the pronounced clot lysis (49.24 %) while ChEx and MeEx showed 45.18 % and 29.13 % of clot lysis respectively. In Brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the LC50 value of the ChEx, EAEx and MeEx were 4.16, 4.47 and 9.27 μg/mg respectively and values were statistically significant (p < 0.05) compared to that of reference cytotoxic agent, Vincristine sulfate (LC50’ 0.55). Histopathological screening of kidney, liver and spleen showed that ethyl acetate extract recovered the highest of the cellular damage caused by Lead acetate. Biochemical and histopathological screening, therefore, demonstrate that Water hyacinth could be one of the promising sources of normalizing the Pb-poisoning and enhancing the thrombolysis in an animal model. Therapeutic prospects of Water hyacinth could be further studied through highlighting a dose-response study.
Dutta, Anand,Girotra, Mohit,Merchant, Nipun,Nair, Padmanabhan,Dutta, Sudhir Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.10
Background: Heat-shock protein70 (HSP70) are intracellular protein chaperones, with emerging evidence of their association with various diseases. We have previously reported significantly elevated plasma-HSP70 (pHSP70) in pancreatic cancer. Current methods of pHSP70 isolation are ELISA-based which lack specificity due to cross-reactivity by similarities in the amino-acid sequence in regions of the protein backbone resulting in overestimated HSP70 value. Materials and Methods: This study was undertaken to develop a methodology to capture all isoforms of pHSP70, while further defining their tyrosine and serine phosphorylation status. Results: The methodology included gel electrophoresis on centrifuged supernatant obtained from plasma incubated with HSP70 antibody-coupled beads. After blocking non-specific binding sites, blots were immunostained with monoclonal-antibody specific for human-HSP70, phosphoserine and phosphotyrosine. Conclusions: Our novel immunocapture approach has distinct advantages over the commercially available methods of pHSP70 quantification by allowing isolation of molecular aggregates of HSP70 with additional ability to precisely distinguish phosphorylation state of HSP70 molecules at serine and tyrosine residues.
Saravanakumar, Kandasamy,Chelliah, Ramachandran,Shanmugam, Sabarathinam,Varukattu, Nipun Babu,Oh, Deog-Hwan,Kathiresan, Kandasamy,Wang, Myeong-Hyeon Elsevier 2018 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Biology Vol.185 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This article reports the utilization of seed extract (GSE) from <I>Gardenia jasminoides</I> Ellis. in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Gs-AgNPs) with versatile biological activities. The synthesized Gs-AgNPs were spherical in shape, crystal lattice with an average size of 20 nm as confirmed by UV–vis spectrum, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS) and particle size analyses (PSA). Phenolic compounds, proteins, and terpenoids were likely involved in the Gs-AgNPs synthesis, as indicated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Gs-AgNPs was 12.5 μg·ml<SUP>−1</SUP> for <I>S. enterica Typhimurium</I> and 10 μg·ml<SUP>−1</SUP> for <I>S. aureus</I>. The MBC of the Gs-AgNPs induced >70% bacterial cell death within 60 min, as confirmed by growth curve analysis followed by Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Gs-AgNPs showed the highest scavenging activity for 1, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl DPPH radical (92.3 ± 0.86%), Nitric oxide (NO) radical (72.5 ± 2.15%), and Hydrogen peroxide H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> radical (85.25 ± 1.45%). Anticancer results revealed an IC<SUB>50</SUB> of 15.625 ± 1.3 μg·ml<SUP>−1</SUP> for Gs-AgNPs, whereas it was 580.54 ± 2.5 μg·ml<SUP>−1</SUP> for GSE. The Gs-AgNPs generated high reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in induced apoptosis as evident by up-regulation of apoptosis-related protein. In addition, the photocatalytic results revealed about 92% of the reduction in Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye color with Gs-AgNPs. Hence, this work provided economically viable and ecologically sustainable Gs-AgNPs as an alternative biomaterial for future therapeutic applications as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer agents and in dye degradation for water remediation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Green synthesis of Gs-AgNPs using seed extract of <I>Gardenia jasminoides</I>. </LI> <LI> Synthesized Gs-AgNPs characterized using UV–vis, FE-TEM, EDX, XRD, and PSA. </LI> <LI> The antibacterial, anticancer and photocatalytic activity of Gs-AgNPs ascertained. </LI> <LI> Gs-AgNPs showed the high potency towards versatile bioactivity. </LI> <LI> Gs-AgNPs proved as an alternative biomaterial for future bioengineering application. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstarct</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
An Improved Fast and Secure Hash Algorithm
Agarwal, Siddharth,Rungta, Abhinav,Padmavathy, R.,Shankar, Mayank,Rajan, Nipun Korea Information Processing Society 2012 Journal of information processing systems Vol.8 No.1
Recently, a fast and secure hash function SFHA - 256 has been proposed and claimed as more secure and as having a better performance than the SHA - 256. In this paper an improved version of SFHA - 256 is proposed and analyzed using two parameters, namely the avalanche effect and uniform deviation. The experimental results and further analysis ensures the performance of the newly proposed and improved SFHA-256. From the analysis it can be concluded that the newly proposed algorithm is more secure, efficient, and practical.