Assessment of Phenolic Acid Content and In Vitro Antiradical Characteristics of Hawthorn

Nilgün Öztürk,Muzaffer Tunçel 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.6

The infusions and extracts obtained from leaves with flowers, fruit peel, and seed from hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Family Rosaceae) were subjected to evaluation as potential sources of antioxidant phytochemicals on the basis of their total content of phenolics, levels of phenolic acids, and in vitro antiradical activity. Total phenolic content of extracts was determined using the modified Folin–Ciocalteau method. Antioxidant activity was determined for phenolic extracts by a method involving the use of the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Phenolic acids containing extracts and infusions from hawthorn leaves, fruit peel, and seeds were obtained using different polarity solvents and separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, which enabled improved separation by the use of a C18 column, an acidic mobile phase, and gradient elusion. The highest total phenolic content (343.54 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g) and the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity as the inhibition percentage (60.36%) were obtained in ethyl acetate extract from hawthorn leaves with flower. Also, the highest phenolic acid content was measured in the extracts of hawthorn leaves with flowers: protocathechuic (108–128 mg/100 g), p-hydroxy benzoic (141–468 mg/100 g), caffeic (137–3,580 mg/100 g), chlorogenic (925–4,637 mg/100 g), ferulic (3,363–3,462 mg/100 g), vanillic (214 mg/100 g), and syringic (126 mg/100 g) acids. The results indicate that hawthorn is a promising plant because of its high antioxidant activity.

China's Charm Defensive: Image Protection by Acquiring Mass Entertainment

Nilgün Eliküçük Yıldırım,Mesut Aslan 인하대학교 국제관계연구소 2020 Pacific Focus Vol.35 No.1

Focusing on discussion of China's soft power resources, this article argues that China performs two kinds of soft power strategies in developing and developed countries: offensive and defensive, respectively. While China's charm offensive aims to consolidate her comprehensive power through a development model, aid, investment, traditional culture, foreign policy, and international broadcasting in developing countries, the defensive aspect of China's soft power strategy aims to soften the rise of China with traditional culture by introducing appealing parts of Chinese culture through investments and international broadcasting in Western countries. China applies classical soft power tools in developing countries while she endeavors to protect her image in Western countries defensively. China's alternative defensive approach to soft power is mostly implemented through the acquisition of media outlets, and via the entertainment sector and gaming industry by Chinese‐owned companies. However, even in the defensive and offensive bifurcation, if charm attacks result in failure, China could turn take a defensive stance in developing countries.

Effect of Gluconacetobacter spp. on Kefir Grains and Kefir Quality

Nilgün Özdemir,Tuğba Kök-Taş,Zeynep Guzel-Seydim 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.1

Microbial, chemical, physical, and sensorial analyses of kefir samples produced using kefir grains embedded with Gluconacetobacter spp. were investigated using kefir samples with Gluconacetobacter spp. inclusion (KA), and regular kefir grains (control, KC) lacking Gluconacetobacter spp. The genus Gluconacetobacter, (identified using PCR) isolated from apple cider vinegar, was embedded in kefir grains. Inclusion of Gluconacetobacter spp. provided a significant biomass increase (p<0.01). The Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., yeast, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Bifidobacterium spp. contents of KA were similar to KC. The acetic acid bacterial content of KA was 3.86 log CFU/mL. A significant (p<0.05) increase was observed in the exopolysaccharide content and viscosity of KA compared with KC. Inclusion of a different useful bacterium not naturally present in kefir grains is herein reported. Kefir grains can be an important carrier for microorganisms.

An evaluation of the stress effect of different occlusion concepts on hybrid abutment and implant supported monolithic zirconia fixed prosthesis: A finite element analysis

Yesilyurt, Nilgün Gulbahce,Tuncdemir, Ali Riza The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2021 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.13 No.4

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of canine guidance occlusion and group function occlusion on the degree of stress to the bone, implants, abutments, and crowns using finite element analysis (FEA). MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study included the implant-prosthesis system of a three-unit bridge made of monolithic zirconia and hybrid abutments. Three-dimensional (3D) models of a bone-level implant system and a titanium base abutment were created using the original implant components. Two titanium implants, measuring 4 × 11 mm each, were selected. The loads were applied in two oblique directions of 15° and 30° under two occlusal movement conditions. In the canine guidance condition, loads (100 N) were applied to the canine crown only. In the group function condition, loads were applied to all three teeth. In this loading, a force of 100 N was applied to the canine, and 200-N forces were applied to each premolar. The stress distribution among all the components of the implant-bridge system was assessed using ANSYS SpaceClaim 2020 R2 software and finite element analysis. RESULTS. Maximum stress was found in the group function occlusion. The maximum stress increased with an increase in the angle of occlusal force. CONCLUSION. The canine guidance occlusion with monolithic zirconia crown materials is promising for implant-supported prostheses in the canine and premolar areas.

‘Horse’ as A Symbol Reflected from Cultural Memory in The Poem Called At (The Horse) of Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel

Ahmet Demir,Nilgün Çelik 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2023 에피스테메 Vol.- No.29

Culture, which can be defined as the lifestyle of a nation, is the sum and whole of social experiences and learning. Considering the connotations of the concept of memory such as storage and preservation, it is possible to say that cultural memory provides the continuity of cultural elements in an impersonal area. Cultural memory, with its dynamic structure, includes actions such as “recollection, ‘repetition’ and ‘reviving/keeping alive’ in ensuring the continuity of cultural elements. Literary texts from oral culture to written culture often include these actions by fulfilling a formant function. Therefore, considering literary texts as reflection areas of cultural memory and making analyzes on cultural elements and symbols is one of the text analysis methods. In Turkish culture, ‘horse’ is an important cultural element. As a result of the living conditions brought by the steppe culture in the Turks, the ‘horse’ has become an important part of life and has become one of the main figures of cultural memory in relation to many emotions, thoughts and dreams. Even the existence of many idioms and proverbs about horse in Turkish alone explains the place of horse in cultural memory. Also, horse is one of the cultural symbols that is repeated in many oral, written and visual texts and in various branches of art, and remains alive as it is repeated. Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel (1898-1973) used horse allegorical in relation to the Turkish nation in his poem called At (The Horse) (1919), which he wrote during the War of Independence, one of the milestones in Turkish history. In the poem, the horse appears with a symbolism that represents the Turkish nation and the ‘independent’ character of the Turkish nation with references to the historical conditions of the First World War (1914-1918) and War of Independence (1919-1923). In this context, in this study, poem called The Horse of Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel is considered as a cultural memory area and horse is examined as a ‘cultural symbol’. The image of horse drawn in the poem is examined in historical and socio-cultural dimensions and evaluated in the context of the place of horse in Turkish culture.

High-impact chronic pain: evaluation of risk factors and predictors

İlteriş Ahmet Şentürk,Erman Şentürk,Işıl Üstün,Akın Gökçedağ,Nilgün Pulur Yıldırım,Nilüfer Kale İçen 대한통증학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.36 No.1

Background: The concept of high-impact chronic pain (HICP) has been proposed for patients with chronic pain who have significant limitations in work, social life, and personal care. Recognition of HICP and being able to distinguish patients with HICP from other chronic pain patients who do not have life interference allows the necessary measures to be taken in order to restore the physical and emotional functioning of the affected persons. The aim was to reveal the risk factors and predictors associated with HICP. Methods: Patients with chronic pain without life interference (grade 1 and 2) and patients with HICP were compared. Significant data were evaluated with regression analysis to reveal the associated risk factors. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate predictors and present cutoff scores. Results: One thousand and six patients completed the study. From pain related cognitive processes, fear of pain (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–0.98; P = 0.007) and helplessness (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12; P = 0.018) were found to be risk factors associated with HICP. Predictors of HICP were evaluated by ROC analysis. The highest discrimination value was found for pain intensity (cut-off score > 6.5; 83.8% sensitive; 68.7% specific; area under the curve = 0.823; P < 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first study in our geography to evaluate HICP with measurement tools that evaluate all dimensions of pain. Moreover, it is the first study in the literature to evaluate predictors and cut-off scores using ROC analysis for HICP.