Demographic and diagnostic markers in new onset pediatric type 1 and type 2 diabetes: differences and overlaps

Nieto Teresa,Castillo Beatriz,Nieto Jacobo,Redondo Maria J. 대한소아내분비학회 2022 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.27 No.2

Purpose: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common type of diabetes in children, but the frequency of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing rapidly. Classification of diabetes is based on a constellation of features that vary by type. We aimed to compare demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics at diagnosis of pediatric T1D and T2D. Methods: We studied children who visited a large academic hospital in Houston, Texas (USA) with a new diagnosis of T2D (n=753) or T1D (n=758). We compared age, sex, race/ethnicity, presence of obesity, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, islet autoantibody positivity, C-peptide, and presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diabetes diagnosis. Results: At diagnosis, children with T2D, compared with those with T1D, were older (13.6 years vs. 9.7 years), more likely female (63.2% vs. 47.8%), of racial/ethnic minority (91.1% vs. 42.3%), and obese (90.9% vs. 19.4%) and were less likely to have DKA (7.8% vs. 35.0%) and diabetes autoantibodies (5.5% vs. 95.4%). Children with T2D also had significantly lower glucose, lower hemoglobin A1c and lower C-peptide level (all comparisons, P<0.0001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, older age, racial/ethnic minority, obesity, higher C-peptide, and negative islet autoantibodies were independently associated with T2D (all, P<0.05), while sex, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and DKA were not (model P<0.0001). Conclusion: There are important demographic, clinical, and laboratory differences between T1D and T2D in children. However, none of the characteristics were unique to either diabetes type, which poses challenges to diabetes classification at diagnosis.

Demographic and diagnostic markers in new onset pediatric type 1 and type 2 diabetes: differences and overlaps

Nieto Teresa,Castillo Beatriz,Nieto Jacobo,Redondo Maria J. 대한소아내분비학회 2022 Apem Vol.27 No.2

but the frequency of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing rapidly. Classification of diabetes is based on a constellation of features that vary by type. We aimed to compare demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics at diagnosis of pediatric T1D and T2D. Methods: We studied children who visited a large academic hospital in Houston, Texas (USA) with a new diagnosis of T2D (n=753) or T1D (n=758). We compared age, sex, race/ethnicity, presence of obesity, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, islet autoantibody positivity, C-peptide, and presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diabetes diagnosis. Results: At diagnosis, children with T2D, compared with those with T1D, were older (13.6 years vs. 9.7 years), more likely female (63.2% vs. 47.8%), of racial/ethnic minority (91.1% vs. 42.3%), and obese (90.9% vs. 19.4%) and were less likely to have DKA (7.8% vs. 35.0%) and diabetes autoantibodies (5.5% vs. 95.4%). Children with T2D also had significantly lower glucose, lower hemoglobin A1c and lower C-peptide level (all comparisons, P<0.0001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, older age, racial/ethnic minority, obesity, higher C-peptide, and negative islet autoantibodies were independently associated with T2D (all, P<0.05), while sex, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and DKA were not (model P<0.0001). Conclusion: There are important demographic, clinical, and laboratory differences between T1D and T2D in children. However, none of the characteristics were unique to either Purpose: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common type of diabetes in children, but the frequency of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing rapidly. Classification of diabetes is based on a constellation of features that vary by type. We aimed to compare demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics at diagnosis of pediatric T1D and T2D.Methods: We studied children who visited a large academic hospital in Houston, Texas (USA) with a new diagnosis of T2D (n=753) or T1D (n=758). We compared age, sex, race/ethnicity, presence of obesity, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, islet autoantibody positivity, C-peptide, and presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diabetes diagnosis.Results: At diagnosis, children with T2D, compared with those with T1D, were older (13.6 years vs. 9.7 years), more likely female (63.2% vs. 47.8%), of racial/ethnic minority (91.1% vs. 42.3%), and obese (90.9% vs. 19.4%) and were less likely to have DKA (7.8% vs. 35.0%) and diabetes autoantibodies (5.5% vs. 95.4%). Children with T2D also had significantly lower glucose, lower hemoglobin A1c and lower C-peptide level (all comparisons, p<0.0001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, older age, racial/ethnic minority, obesity, higher C-peptide, and negative islet autoantibodies were independently associated with T2D (all, p<0.05), while sex, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and DKA were not (model p<0.0001).Conclusion: There are important demographic, clinical, and laboratory differences between T1D and T2D in children. However, none of the characteristics were unique to either diabetes type, which poses challenges to diabetes classification at diagnosis.

First report of Gymnosporangium clavipes Cooke & Peck affecting Crataegus mexicana var. Chapeado and C. gracilior in Mexico

Alvarado-Rosales, D.,Nieto-Lopez, E.H.,Teliz-Ortiz, D.,Ayala-Escobar, V.,Silva-Rojas, H.V.,Nieto-Angel, R.,Leyva-Mir, S.G.,Jimenez-Nieto, A.,Mendez-Inocencio, C. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 식물병연구 Vol.21 No.3

The tejocote (Crataegus spp.) is a tree considered to be native to Mexico. The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of tejocote rust in the State of Puebla. Tejocote fruits were sampled in 2012 and 2013. The fungus was studied morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy and molecularly using phylogenetic analysis of 18S and 28S rDNA genes. The fungus was identified as Gymnosporangium clavipes on tejocote fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Gymnosporangium clavipes Cooke & Peck affecting Crataegus mexicana var. Chapeado and C. gracilior in Puebla Mexico.

First report of Gymnosporangium clavipes Cooke & Peck affecting Crataegus mexicana var. Chapeado and C. gracilior in Mexico

D. Alvarado-Rosales,E. H. Nieto-López,D. Téliz-Ortiz,V. Ayala-Escobar,R. Nieto-Angel,H. V. Silva-Rojas,S. G. Leyva-Mir,A. Jiménez-Nieto,C. Méndez-Inocencio 한국식물병리학회 2015 식물병연구 Vol.21 No.3

The tejocote (Crataegus spp.) is a tree considered to be native to Mexico. The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of tejocote rust in the State of Puebla. Tejocote fruits were sampled in 2012 and 2013. The fungus was studied morphologically using light and scanning electron microscopy and molecularly using phylogenetic analysis of 18S and 28S rDNA genes. The fungus was identified as Gymnosporangium clavipes on tejocote fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of Gymnosporangium clavipes Cooke & Peck affecting Crataegus mexicana var. Chapeado and C. gracilior in Puebla Mexico.

Development of Efficient Dynamic Aeroelasticity Model for High Fidelity Pointing Accuracy Assessment of VLBI Earth-Based Radio Antennas

Nieto Michelle Guzman,Thomas Paul V.,ElSayed Mostafa S. A.,Saad Mohamed,Brown Gary L.,Hilliard Lawrence M. 한국항공우주학회 2020 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.21 No.3

Modern Earth-based radio antennas of very-long-baseline interferometry system are furnished with robust control systems for their pointing control. Their pointing accuracy is critical to the quality of the radio wave-front captured. External disturbances, particularly those of wind gusts, produce a non-negligible dynamic aeroelastic response that degrades its pointing accuracy, and yet are not mitigated by the antenna’s control system. In this paper, a high fidelity and efficient dynamic aeroelastic model of an earth-based antenna is developed which is used to study the effects of wind gusts on the antenna’s pointing accuracy. Model order reduction of the antenna structural model is carried out using Craig–Bampton method taking into consideration the dominant modal characteristics of the antenna. The aerodynamic forces are approximated using the 2D Doublet-Lattice Method. The Davenport Spectrum is used to model aerodynamic turbulences near the earth surface. The developed dynamic aeroelastic model is employed to investigate the effects of discrete and random gusts on the pointing accuracy of the antenna. It is found that the deviation in the pointing angle is more prominent in the z (azimuth) direction and it displays a quadratic dependency with respect to the mean wind speed. This behavior is attributed to the inertial component of the aeroelastic response solution represented by the gravitational field acting on the center of gravity of the main reflector and the counterweights. The developed efficient aeroelastic model can be integrated into the antenna control system for its response prediction and mitigation.

Elevated temperature wear behavior of thermally sprayed WC-Co/nanodiamond composite coatings

Nieto, Andy,Kim, Jaekang,Penkov, Oleksiy V.,Kim, Dae-Eun,Schoenung, Julie M. Elsevier 2017 Surface & coatings technology Vol.315 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigates the effects of nanodiamonds (ND) on the wear behavior of WC-Co coatings during dry sliding under ambient and elevated temperature environments. The nanometric dimensions and exceptional hardness of ND are envisioned to enhance hardness while maintaining toughness, thereby enhancing wear resistance. ND reinforced WC-Co coatings were successfully fabricated by high velocity oxygen fuel spray (HVOF) and air plasma spraying (APS). The tribological behavior of WC-Co-ND composite coatings was evaluated at room temperature and at 300°C using reciprocating dry sliding wear tests. At room temperature, the addition of ND led to an enhancement in wear resistance of 8.5% and 13% in HVOF and APS coatings, respectively. The composite coatings exhibited increased formation of a protective silica tribolayer, which was attributed to enhanced heat transfer induced by the excellent thermal conductivity of diamond. At 300°C, however, the composite coatings exhibited poorer wear resistance than the counterpart WC-Co coatings as a result of the degradation of the ND phase. The loss of the diamond phase was believed to decrease hardness and weaken splat interfaces, which led to more facile delamination in HVOF coatings, as well as severe brittle wear and fracture in APS coatings.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> WC-Co/nanodiamond coatings were successfully fabricated via thermal spray methods. </LI> <LI> Addition of nanodiamonds enhanced wear resistance at room temperature. </LI> <LI> Nanodiamond phase is degraded during 300°C sliding wear tests. </LI> <LI> Composite coatings exhibit reduced wear resistance during 300°C wear tests. </LI> </UL> </P>

CFD practical application in conceptual design of a 425 m cable-stayed bridge

Nieto, F.,Hernandez, S.,Jurado, J.A.,Baldomir, A. Techno-Press 2010 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.13 No.4

CFD techniques try to find their way in the bridge engineering realm nowadays. However, there are certain fields where they offer superior performance such as conceptual bridge design and bidding design. The CFD studies carried out for the conceptual design of a 425 m length cable-stayed bridge are presented. A CFD commercial package has been employed to obtain for a set of cross-sections the aerodynamic coefficients considering 2D steady state. Additionally, for those cross-sections which showed adequate force coefficients, unsteady 2D simulations were carried out to detect the risk of vortex shedding. Based upon these computations the effect on the aerodynamic behavior of the deck cross-section caused by a number of modifications has been evaluated. As a consequence, a new more feasible cross-section design has been proposed. Nevertheless, if the design process proceeds to a more detailed step a comprehensive set of studies, comprising extensive wind tunnel tests, are required to better find out the aerodynamic bridge behavior.

CFD practical application in conceptual design of a 425 m cable-stayed bridge

F. Nieto,S. Hernández,J.Á. Jurado,A. Baldomir 한국풍공학회 2010 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.13 No.4

CFD techniques try to find their way in the bridge engineering realm nowadays. However, there are certain fields where they offer superior performance such as conceptual bridge design and bidding design. The CFD studies carried out for the conceptual design of a 425 m length cable-stayed bridge are presented. A CFD commercial package has been employed to obtain for a set of cross-sections the aerodynamic coefficients considering 2D steady state. Additionally, for those cross-sections which showed adequate force coefficients, unsteady 2D simulations were carried out to detect the risk of vortex shedding. Based upon these computations the effect on the aerodynamic behavior of the deck cross-section caused by a number of modifications has been evaluated. As a consequence, a new more feasible cross-section design has been proposed. Nevertheless, if the design process proceeds to a more detailed step a comprehensive set of studies, comprising extensive wind tunnel tests, are required to better find out the aerodynamic bridge behavior.

안데스共同體의 統合要素

Guillermon Nieto Heredia 釜山外國語大學 國際問題硏究所 1989 國際問題論叢 Vol.2 No.-

우리들은 남미가 인류역사상 가장 평화로운 대륙이었다는 분명 말할 수 있다. 스페인의 정복은 제국주의적 통치행위였다. 그러나 그 시대의 딴 지역에서의 통치대상보다 잔혹했던 것은 아니었다. 독립전쟁은 증오의 투쟁이 아니라, 해방주의이상에 사로잡힌 낭만적인 것이었다. 그때 이후로 200년이 지난 지금까지 짧은 전쟁을 제외하고는 우리 국가들은 조화와 항시 대화로 살아왔던 것이다.

The Impact of American Guns on Violence in Mexico

Nubia Zulma Nieto Flores 한국라틴아메리카학회 2021 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.34 No.2

Thousands of Mexican people have been killed by firearms and heavy weaponry. The guns used are mostly imported from the United States. The laxity of American gun laws is a gift for Mexican criminal groups. The present text is based on the following questions: Why is the guns and ammunition industry so powerful in the US? Is there any correlation between laxity of American guns laws and the increase of crime in Mexico? Have organised crime and violence levels increased in Mexico due to the accessibility of guns? Is it more important to increase of business with the US firearms sector, rather than to protect the wellbeing of the population? Does the US government bear responsibility for the development of violence and criminality in Mexico? In the following analysis of the role of the American gun manufacturing, trade, and US public policies contributing to the development of narcotics trafficking and violence in Mexico, the central hypothesis considers a preliminary correlation between prevalence of firearms and increase of violence in Mexico. Presenting a general view of the gun industry in the US reveals the social, political and economic consequences of the illegal weaponry traffic from US into Mexico, and the bilateral responsibility of the US and Mexico.