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Financial Frauds on Payment Cards: The Role of Financial Literacy and Financial Education
Gianni Nicolini,Lucia Leonelli 국제금융소비자학회 2021 The International Review of Financial Consumers(IR Vol.6 No.1
The growing number of payment cards issued around the world, and the growing number of transactions generated by those cards (even thanks to the e-commerce trend) have seen an increase in the relevance of financial frauds based on the use of payment cards. Negative consequences from payment card frauds do not affect only the card users, but involve sellers, financial intermediaries, and other players in the payments system. The aims of this study are (1) to assess how financial literacy can help individuals to identify and avoid financial frauds related to the use of payment cards, and (2) to assess the effectiveness of a one-shot financial education seminar to increase the ability to identify and avoid a financial scam (“fraud literacy”). Data from a sample of college students was collected in 2019 and used to address both research questions. Results support the hypothesis that financial literacy can help financial consumers to avoid being a victim of a financial fraud, even if further analysis are required. Additional results show how financial literacy is related to financial confidence, with a risk of a potential “over-confidence” effect. Results from a diff-in-diff estimation suggest that a single seminar does not improve the ability to detect financial frauds.
The Assessment of Financial Literacy: The Case of Europe
Gianni Nicolini 국제금융소비자학회 2019 The International Review of Financial Consumers(IR Vol.4 No.2
The study starts from the definition of financial literacy and its components, to identify the criteria that an assess-ment methodology should have to properly measure it. In the second part, an empirical analysis of the degree of financial literacy of adult population in several European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Sweden, UK) is used to highlight similarities and to stress differences between countries. Results show how the availability of 50 items allows to differentiate the levels of financial literacy in various areas of knowledge (e.g. loans, investments, money management). The use of money (e.g. credit cards, debit cards, cash) is the area of knowledge where in-dividuals seem to be more well-informed and confident. Conversely, investment and investment products (e.g. stock, bonds) represent a weak point, with average scores being dramatically low.
Financial Literacy in the US: A Robustness Check of the Lusardi-Mitchell Questions
Gianni Nicolini,Robin Henager 국제금융소비자학회 2022 The International Review of Financial Consumers(IR Vol.7 No.1
This study tested the reliability of financial literacy measures used in previous studies based on a set of items referred to as the "Lusardi-Mitchell questions". Using a sample of 514 American adults that completed a questionnaire with fifty financial literacy items, the authors compared (1) the results from a set of multivariate regression analyses that used the Lusardi-Mitchell questions to investigate the explanatory power of financial literacy on different financial behaviors, with (2) results that used alternative financial literacy measures that differ by the topic of the items or the number of the items. Doing so the paper investigate the chance that a scale based on a small number of items could not provide a precise measure of people financial literacy, due to a lack of information. Results suggest that the Lusardi-Mitchell questions provide a measure of financial literacy that is close to the results obtained using more sophisticated measures. In addition, the results supported the hypothesis that the financial literacy positively affects different financial behaviors.
Tibial-graft fixation methods on anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions: a literature review
( Vitor Luis Pereira ),( João Victor Medeiros ),( Gilvan Rodrigues Silva Nunes ),( Gabriel Taniguti De Oliveira ),( Alexandre Pedro Nicolini ) 대한슬관절학회 2021 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.33 No.-
Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the most performed orthopedic surgical procedure. The result of ACL reconstructions depends on multiple technical variables, including tension to be applied to the graft for fixation, knee-flexion angle during fixation and the type of fixation to the bone. Objective: To carry out a survey of the literature with the best evidence on these themes. Methods: Literature review about methods of tibial-graft fixation in ACL reconstructions - tension applied at the time of fixation, type of graft fixation, and knee-flexion degree during tibial fixation. Results: Thirty studies on the selected topics were found. Most studies point to graft-tension levels close to 90 N to obtain the best results. Regarding the knee-flexion angle, multiple studies suggest that fixation at a 30° angle would bring superior biomechanical advantages. Regarding the type of implant for fixation, it is not possible to affirm the superiority of one method over another in clinical outcomes. Conclusions: There is no consensus on the best method for tibial fixation of the grafts in ACL reconstructions regarding tension, type of implant and knee-flexion angle. However, the analysis of the studies pointed to certain trends and allowed the drawing of specific conclusions.
Yazmín Hernández‑Díaz,Thelma Beatriz González‑Castro,Isela Esther Juárez‑Rojop,Carlos Alfonso Tovilla‑Zárate,María Lilia López‑Narváez,Alma Delia Genis‑Mendoza,Ana Fresan,Humberto Nicolini 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.11
Background Several studies have evaluated the possible association between polymorphisms or variants in Corticotropinreleasing hormone 1 receptor gene (CRHR1) with depression; however, results remain contradictory and heterogeneous. Objective To our knowledge, we conducted the frst comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association of the CRHR1 gene and the risk of depression. Methods A search online was conducted in databases for any CRHR1 genetic association studies in depression. Data were extracted for evaluation of pooled estimates using meta-analytic techniques. Statistical analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis, v2.0 software. Result A total of 1403 cases and 2353 mentally healthy controls were included in this study. We found a signifcant association of rs242941, rs1876828 and rs242939 variants of the CRHR1 gene with depression. No association of CRHR1 rs110402 and depression was observed. Conclusion Our meta-analysis shows that some variants of the CRHR1 gene (rs242941, rs1876828 and rs242939) might confer susceptibility to depression. Further studies with larger sample sizes need to be conducted.