A Study of Molecular Characterization of the Trimethoprim Resistant Salmonella typhi Strains Prevalent in Himachal Pradesh

Neha,MA Khan,U Farooq 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.3

Typhoid is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries including India. Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, is a gram-negative, motile, rod shaped, facultative anaerobe. It is solely a human pathogen and there is no animal reservoir. Antibiotic therapy is the mainstay for the treatment of typhoid fever and the complications associated with it. Nowadays, emerging multidrug resistance among Salmonella typhi strains has become a major public health problem. Present research work was carried out for the identification and molecular characterization of Trimethoprim resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhi strains from individuals suffering with typhoid fever by means of various techniques i.e.; biochemicals, phenotypical and drug resistant gene specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 14 blood specimen of infected patients were collected from Solan district of Himachal Pradesh with varying age groups and were processed via broth enrichment methods for primary isolation and identification of typhoid bacilli. Microbiological and biochemical investigations revealed the presence of S. typhi in all 14 specimens. The antibiotic susceptibility assay was carried out for 11 antimicrobial to study the MDR pattern of the identified bacilli. It was observed that 14/14 S. typhi strains were 100% resistance to Trimethoprim, Co-trimoxazole, Sulfanilamide, Penicillin, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, Tetracycline and Erythromycin, and 70-100% susceptible to Levofloxacin, Amikacin and Amoxicillin. The PCR analysis of these MDR strains showed the presence of dhfr a7 (365 bp) gene in only 10/14 isolates. This study confirmed that Trimethoprim resistance in these strains were due to the presence of dhfr a7 gene and also that PCR based diagnosis could be very useful for the rapid detection of drug resistant S. typhi strains. Present study emphasize that Trimethoprim drug is no longer useful for the treatment of typhoid fever as its MIC optimization was very high (750μg/ml). This study may further help the researchers in selecting the appropriate therapeutic approaches targeting Trimethoprim resistant Salmonella typhi strains.

Unusual bilateral sensory innervation of the dorsum of hand by lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve: a case report

Neha,Hare Krishna 대한해부학회 2018 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.51 No.1

A 68-year-old male cadaver showed bilateral variation in the sensory innervation of the dorsum of hand. On the dorsum of right hand, first digit and lateral half of second digit were supplied by lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN); medial side of second digit and lateral side of third digit were supplied by superficial branch of radial nerve (SBRN) and medial side of third digit, the fourth and fifth digits were supplied by dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve (DBUN). On the dorsum of the left hand, lateral side of first digit was supplied by LABCN, medial side of first digit, the second and third digits as well as the lateral side of fourth digit were supplied by SBRN; medial side of fourth digit and fifth digit were supplied by DBUN. These variations would be helpful in understanding peripheral neuropathy, in interpretation of conduction velocity studies and in reconstructive surgery of hand.

De novo assembly and characterization of transcriptome in the medicinal plant Euphorbia jolkini

Neha Samir Roy,In‑hye Lee,Jung‑A Kim,Rahul Vasudeo Ramekar,Kyong‑Cheul Park,Nam‑il Park,Joo‑Hong Yeo,Ik‑Young Choi,Soonok Kim 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.9

Background Euphorbia jolkini, a medicinal herb that grows on the warm beaches in Japan and South Korea, is known to be used for traditional medicines to treat a variety of ailments, including bruises, stifness, indigestion, toothache, and diabetes. Objective It is to analyze the whole transcriptome and identify the genes related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in the medicinally important herb E jolkini. Methods Paired-end Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 sequencing technology was employed for cDNA library construction and Illumina sequencing. Public databases like TAIR (The Arabidopsis Information Resource), Swissprot and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) were used for annotations of unigenes obtained. Results The transcriptome of E. jolkini generated 139,215 assembled transcripts with an average length of 868 bp and an N50 value of 1460 bp that were further clustered using CD-HIT into 93,801 unigenes with an average length of 847 bp (N50- 1410 bp). Sixty-three percent of the coding sequences (CDS) were annotated from the longest open reading frame (ORF). A remarkable percentage of unigenes were annotated against various databases. The diferentially expressed gene analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway was higher in the fowers, whereas that of genes related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was both up- and downregulated in fowers and leaves. A search of against the transcription factor domain found 1023 transcription factors (TFs) that were from 54 TF families. Conclusion Assembled sequences of the E. jolkini transcriptome are made available for the frst time in this study E. jolkini and lay a foundation for the investigation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis.

Performance Comparisons of Routing Protocols and TCP in MANETS

Neha Arora,Sapna Aroara 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-

Ad hoc networks are characterized by a lack of infrastructure, and by a random and quickly changing network topology; thus the need for a robust dynamic routing protocol that can accommodate such an environment. So, it is significant to bring out a comparison among various routing protocols in different scenarios with TCP variants, for their better understanding and implementation. A comprehensive performance evaluation of various routing protocols and the TCP is presented to understand the nature of the TCP performance in different scenarios with variable number of nodes. Three different routing protocols (AODV, TORA and OLSR) have been evaluated with four different TCP variants (Tahoe, Reno, New Reno and SACK) in two different scenarios having 8 and 12 nodes. The performance parameters on the basis of which routing protocols are graded are throughput, delay and congestion window. Conclusions are drawn based on the simulation results and the comparison results are graphically depicted and explained.

Retrotransposons in Betula nana, and interspecific relationships in the Betuloideae, based on inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers

Neha Samir Roy,이성일,Kabwe Nkongolo,김남수 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.5

The Betulaceae family comprises two subfamilies, Betuloideae and Corylaceae. The subfamily Betuloideae contains two genera, Alnus Mill. and Betula L. Twenty putative long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons were mined from 171 scaffolds containing 5,208,995 bp of dwarf birch (Betula nana) genome sequences. Five retrotransposons were finally selected after filtering the retrotransposon canonical features and nucleotide similarities between left and right LTR sequences. Of the five retroelements, three elements were found to be Ty1/Copia retrotransposons; identity of the other two elements could not be ascertained due to sequence undetermined ‘N’ bases in the sequence database. Inter-retrotranposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) analysis, based on the LTR sequences of the mined LTR-retrotransposons, produced 179 discernible IRAP bands among the Alnus and Betula genera. Sequence analysis revealed no size homoplasy among the homologous IRAP bands. Phylogenetic and principle coordinate analysis, based on the band sharing among the taxa, showed the species in two different genera were clearly separated. The subgenera in each genus of Alnus and Betula were also distinguishable from the IRAP profiles. In the genus Betula, the species in subgenus Betula showed mixed clustering between species. This is incongruent with the phylogeographical distribution of the species.

Interventional radiography in management of high-flow arteriovenous malformation of maxilla: report of a case

Neha Khambete,Mukund Risbud,Nikit Mehta 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2011 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.41 No.3

Arteriovenous malformations are extremely rare conditions in that can result from abnormalities in the structure of blood vessels, which may be potentially fatal. A 30-year-old female patient visited our hospital with a complaint of swelling on the right maxillary posterior gingiva along with the large port-wine stain on right side of face. On clinical examination, the swelling was compressible and pulsatile. Radiographic examination revealed a lytic lesion of maxilla. Diagnostic angiography revealed a high-flow arteriovenous malformation of maxilla which was treated by selective transarterial embolization of maxillary artery using polyvinyl alcohol particles.

Input size independent efficient quality meshing of the interior of 2D point cloud data

Neha Singh,Tathagata Ray,Chandu Parimi,Srivastava Kuchibhotla 한국CDE학회 2019 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.6 No.3

This paper describes a framework to generate an unstructured Delaunay mesh of a two-dimensional domain whose boundary is specified by a point cloud data (PCD). The assumption is that the PCD is sam-pled from a smooth 1-manifold without a boundary definition and is significantly dense (at least -sampled where < 1). Presently meshing of such a domain requires two explicit steps, namely the extraction of model definition from the PCD and the use of model definition to guide the unstructured mesh generation. For a densely sampled PCD, the curve reconstruction process is dependent on the size of input PCD and can become a time-consuming overhead. We propose an optimized technique that bypasses the explicit step of curve reconstruction by implicit access to the model information from a well-sampled PCD. A mesh thus generated will be optimal, as the fineness of the mesh is not dictated by the sampling of PCD, but only the geometric complexity of the underlying curve. The implementation and experiments of the proposed framework show significant improvement in expense over the tradi-tional methodology. The main contribution of this paper is the circumvention of the explicit time-consuming step of boundary computation which is a function of the PCD sampling size and a direct gen-eration of a mesh whose complexity is dictated by the geometry of the domain.

Slide Session : OS-ONC-10 ; Oncology : Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) with Use of Aprepitant Combination Regimens (ACR): Meta Analysis in Adult Cancer Patients

( Neha Gupta ),( Hassan Hatoum ),( Omar Al Ustwani ),( Pongwut Danchaivijitr ),( Katy Wang ),( Roberto Pili ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Various randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown improved outcomes with addition of aprepitant to standard antiemetic treatment (SAT) in preventing CINV. We conducted a meta analysis to study the overall impact of ACR in CINV prevention in adults. Methods: We searched Pubmed and Ovid databases, and American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings abstracts for RCTs using ACR with SAT for CINV prevention in adult cancer patients. Major study end points were complete response to treatment (CR; defi ned as no emesis and no use of rescue medications) in overall phase (OP; 0- 120 hours of chemotherapy), acute phase (AP; 0 -24 hours) and delayed phase (DP; 24 - 120 hours). Additionally, we assessed the control of nausea and toxicity profi le (TP). Stouffer`s Z -score method was used to calculate the overall effect. Results: 16 RCTs (5,547 patients) were included. 11 trials (3,314 patients) involved highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and 5 trials (2,233 patients) involved moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). ACR increased CR in OP from 47% to 63% (OR=0.52, CI=0.46 to 0.58; p<0.001), in AP from 73% to 81% (p<0.01), and in DP from 51% to 66% (p<0.001). Signifi cant increase in nausea control was seen in DP (p=0.03) but not in OP or AP. Incidence of various toxicities was statistically similar in both groups except slightly higher rate of fatigue (p=0.02) and hiccups (p<0.001), and lower rate of neutropenia (p=0.02) in ACR. Conclusions: ACR is effective in CINV due to both HEC and MEC in adult cancer patients. ACR improves the control of emesis in all phases, and nausea in delayed phase only. With the exception of causing more fatigue & hiccups, and lesser neutropenia, overall TP of ACR is similar to SAT.

Comparative Analysis of DWT and DWT-SVD Watermarking Techniques in RGB Images

Neha Narula,Deepak Sethi,Partha Pratim Bhattacharya 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.4

Digital watermarking is an application associated with copyright protection. Any digital object can be used as a carrier to carry information. If the information is related to object then it is known as a watermark which can be visible or invisible. In the era of digital information, there are multiple danger zones like copyright and integrity violation of digital object. In case of any dispute during violation, content creator can prove ownership by recovering the watermark. In this paper, a comparative study of two most recent digital watermarking techniques namely DWT and DWT-SVD over RGB images is presented. In case of DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) watermarking technique, decomposition of the original image is done to embed the watermark and in case of DWT-SVD watermarking technique, firstly original image is decomposed according to DWT and then watermark is embedded in singular values obtained by applying SVD (Singular Value Decomposition). The performances of the proposed techniques are compared on the basis of PSNR values.

RNA-Seq De Novo Assembly and Differential Transcriptome Analysis of Korean Medicinal Herb Cirsium japonicum var. spinossimum

Neha Samir Roy,김정아,최아영,반용욱,박남일,박경철,양희선,최익영,김순옥 한국유전체학회 2018 Genomics & informatics Vol.16 No.4

Cirsium japonicum belongs to the Asteraceae or Compositae family and is a medicinal plant in Asia that has a variety of effects, including tumour inhibition, improved immunity with flavones, and antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects. Silymarin is synthesized by 4-coumaroyl-CoA via both the flavonoid and phenylpropanoid pathways to produce the immediate precursors taxifolin and coniferyl alcohol. Then, the oxidative radicalization of taxifolin and coniferyl alcohol produces silymarin. We identified the expression of genes related to the synthesis of silymarin in C. japonicum in three different tissues, namely, flowers, leaves and roots, through RNA sequencing. We obtained 51,133 unigenes from transcriptome sequencing by de novo assembly using Trinity v2.1.1, TransDecoder v2.0.1, and CD-HIT v4.6 software. The differentially expressed gene analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to the flavonoid pathway was higher in the flowers, whereas the phenylpropanoid pathway was more highly expressed in the roots. In this study, we established a global transcriptome dataset for C. japonicum. The data shall not only be useful to focus more deeply on the genes related to product medicinal metabolite including flavolignan but also to study the functional genomics for genetic engineering of C. japonicum.