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Development of New Robust Bivoltine Silkworm Hybrid $SR2{\times}SR5$ for Rearing throughout the Year
Rao, P. Sudhakara,Nayaka, A. R. Narasimha,Mamatha, M.,Sowmyashree, T. S.,Bashir, Ifat,Ilahi, Irfan Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.14 No.2
A Silkworm breeding programme was designed to develop a robust but productive bivoltine silkworm hybrid of Bombyx mori L. suitable for rearing throughout the year in tropical climate by utilizing indigenous polyvoltine and productive bivoltine breeds. The breeding was carried out under high temperature ($36^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) and low humidity ($50{\pm}5%$) conditions in the environmental chamber. By $F_{12}$, three oval and three dumbbell breeds were isolated with higher survival and productive merits. These breeds were utilized in the hybrid evaluation along with other popular breeds. Based on combining ability test results, the hybrid $SR_2{\times}SR_5$ was selected for large scale testing and evaluated in different seasons. The evaluation studies indicated that the hybrid has higher viability and productive merits and it is suitable to rear throughout the year. The hybrid $SR_2{\times}SR_5$ recorded a survival of 92.0%, cocoon shell weight of 0.417 g, cocoon shell percentage of 23.0 and a filament length of 1042 meters under hot and dry conditions of environmental chamber compared to the control thermo-tolerant hybrid $CSR18{\times}CSR19$.
Pendant domination in double graphs
S. Purushothama,Puttaswamy,S. R. Nayaka 장전수학회 2020 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.23 No.2
Let G be any graph. A subset S of vertices in G is called a dominating set if every vertex in V -S is adjacent to atleast one vertex in S. A dominating set S is called a pendant dominating set if the induced subgraph of S contains at least one pendant vertex. The minimum cardinality of a pendant dominating set is called the pendant domination number denoted by pe. In this paper, we are considering special types of graphs called double graphs obtained through a graph operation. We study the pendant domination for these graphs. We calculate the exact value of pendant domination number in double graphs of some standard class of graphs. Further, the bounds are estimated for these parameter in terms of order and degree of a graph.
CONGRUENCES MODULO LARGE POWERS OF 3 FOR 3ℓ-REGULAR CUBIC BIPARTITION
M. S. MAHADEVA NAIKA,S. Shivaprasada Nayaka 장전수학회 2020 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.23 No.3
Let b3ℓ (n) denote the number of 3ℓ- regular cubic bipartition of n, where ℓ=1 and 2. In this paper, we establish some congruences modulo large powers 3 for b3ℓ (n). For example, for each α ≥ 0 and n ≥ 0, b3(32α+2n+32α+3+1/4)≡0 (mod 32α+2).
Kar, Mithilesh,Rao, P. Sudhakara,Kishore, S.,Kumar, T. Selva,Gopal, Nisha,Nayaka, A.R. Narasimha,Chandrasekaran, K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.18 No.1
A study has been made to know the effect of a phytoecdysteroid 'Sampoorna' on uniform maturation of silkworms during spinning and its effect on diseased silkworms infected by major silkworm disease viruses, Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) and Bombyx mori infectious flacherie virus (BmIFV). In the present investigation, the effect of the phytoecdysteroid "Sampoorna" on Grasserie disease caused by BmNPV have shown an average cocoon melting of 11.91% with a disease incidence of 5.83%. The values of 't' test for different treatments of BmNPV indicated low survival rate and cocoon traits were drastically reduced. Another major disease Flacherie caused by BmIFV has shown considerable levels of larval disease incidence (22-32%) and cocoon melting (3-7.67%) with an average melting of 12.95% and 20.24% disease incidence. There is a drastic reduction in survival rate, cocoon yield and other economic traits. The control batches were indicated negligible values for disease incidence and cocoon melting with Sapoorna application and without the inoculation of the two disease-causing viruses. The application of Sampoorna on already infected batches with major pathogens triggered high mortality and disease incidence and melting percentage was also significantly increased with reduced economic traits. Hence, it is suggested that application of Sampoorna in infected batches should be done only in the extreme conditions of rearing. Application of Sampoorna on healthy batches led to uniform maturation and improvement in productivity with the added advantage of better quality cocoons and labour saving.
Veena Hegde,Gowda Sandesh K.,Achur Rajeshwara N.,Thippeswamy Nayaka Boramuthi 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.4
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is a major cause of death in children under the age of five in developing countries. ETEC (O78:H11:CFA/I:LT+:ST+) mechanism has been studied in detail with either heat labile (LT) or heat stable (ST) toxins using in vitro and in vivo models. However, there is no adequate information on ETEC pathogenesis producing both the toxins (LT, ST) in BALB/c mice model. In this study, female mice have been employed to understand ETEC H10407 infection induced changes in physiology, biochemical and immunological patterns up to seven days post-infection and the antidiarrhoeal effect of Simarouba amara (Aubl.) bark aqueous extract (SAAE) has also been looked into. The results indicate that BALB/c is sensitive to ETEC infection resulting in altered jejunum and ileum histomorphology. Withal, ETEC influenced cAMP, PGE2, and NO production resulting in fluid accumulation with varied Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ca2+ levels. Meanwhile, ETEC subverted expression of IL-1β, intestine alkaline phosphatase (IAP), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in jejunum and ileum. Our data also indicate the severity of pathogenesis reduction which might be due to attainment of equilibrium after reaching optimum rate of infection. Nevertheless, degree of pathogenesis was highly significant (p < 0.01) in all the studied parameters. Besides that, SAAE was successful in reducing the infectious diarrhoea by inhibiting ETEC H10407 in intestine (jejunum and ileum), and shedding in feces. SAAE decreased cAMP, PGE2, and fluid accumulation effectively and boosted the functional activity of immune system in jejunum and ileum IAP, MPO, IL-1β, and nitric oxide.
Vishal Kumar,Siljo Joseph,Yash Pal Sharma,Sanjeeva Nayaka 국립중앙과학관 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.15 No.4
This article enumerates 72 species of lichenicolous fungi belonging to 21 families and 43 genera fromJammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. The study is based on published literature and specimens recentlycollected from some localities of Kishtwar High Altitude National Park, Jammu and Kashmir. Four speciesviz., Bachmanniomyces santessonii Etayo, Intralichen lichenum (Diederich) D. Hawksw., and M.S. Cole,Milospium graphideorum (Nyl.) D. Hawksw., and Roselliniella oxyspora Matzer and Hafellner are reportedas new to India, while Milospium and Roselliniella are new generic records. Brief descriptions of the newlyrecorded species are presented. The geographical distribution, host lichens, and key to all the species oflichenicolous fungi presently known from Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh are also provided.
Mithilesh Kar,P. Sudhakara Rao,S. Kishore,T. Selva Kumar,Nisha Gopal,A. R. Narasimha Nayaka,K. Chandrasekaran 한국잠사학회 2009 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.18 No.1
A study has been made to know the effect of a phytoecdysteroid `Sampoorna` on uniform maturation of silkworms during spinning and its effect on diseased silkworms infected by major silkworm disease viruses, Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) and Bombyx mori infectious flacherie virus (BmIFV). In the present investigation, the effect of the phytoecdysteroid "Sampoorna" on Grasserie disease caused by BmNPV have shown an average cocoon melting of 11.91% with a disease incidence of 5.83%. The values of `t` test for different treatments of BmNPV indicated low survival rate and cocoon traits were drastically reduced. Another major disease Flacherie caused by BmIFV has shown considerable levels of larval disease incidence (22-32%) and cocoon melting (3-7.67%) with an average melting of 12.95% and 20.24% disease incidence. There is a drastic reduction in survival rate, cocoon yield and other economic traits. The control batches were indicated negligible values for disease incidence and cocoon melting with Sapoorna application and without the inoculation of the two disease-causing viruses. The application of Sampoorna on already infected batches with major pathogens triggered high mortality and disease incidence and melting percentage was also significantly increased with reduced economic traits. Hence, it is suggested that application of Sampoorna in infected batches should be done only in the extreme conditions of rearing. Application of Sampoorna on healthy batches led to uniform maturation and improvement in productivity.