Comparison of Methodologies to Quantify Phytate Phosphorus in Diets Containing Phytase and Excreta from Broilers

de P. Naves, L.,Rodrigues, P.B.,Bertechini, A.G.,Correa, A.D.,de Oliveira, D.H.,de Oliveira, E.C.,Duarte, W.F.,da Cunha, M.R.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.7

The use of a suitable methodology to quantify the phytate phosphorus ($P_{phy}$) content in both the feed and the excreta from broilers is required to enable accurate calculation of the catalytic efficiency of the phytase supplemented in the feed. This study was conducted to compare 2 analytical methodologies (colorimetry and also high-performance liquid chromatography with a refractive index detector) in order to calculate the phytase efficiency by utilizing the results from the methodology that was shown to be the most appropriate. One hundred and twenty broilers were distributed in a $(4+1){\times}2$ factorial arrangement, corresponding to 4 diets that were equally deficient in P supplemented with increasing levels of phytase (0, 750, 1,500, and 2,250 units of phytase activity - FTU - per kg of feed) plus 1 positive control diet without phytase, supplied to male and female birds. The result indicated that the colorimetric methodology with an extraction ratio of 1:20 (mass of sample in g:volume of the solvent extractor in mL) was shown to be the most adequate. There was no interaction between the phytase level and the sex of the broilers (p>0.05). Males consumed 12% more $P_{phy}$ than did females (p<0.01), but the sex of the broilers did not affect (p>0.05) the excretion and retention coefficient of $P_{phy}$. The increase in the phytase level of the diet reduced (linear, p<0.01) the $P_{phy}$ excretion. The greatest $P_{phy}$ retention was estimated at 87.85% when the diet contained 1,950 FTU/kg (p<0.01), indicating that it is possible to reduce the inorganic P in the formulation at an amount equivalent to 87.85% of the $P_{phy}$ content present in the feed, which, in this research, corresponds to a decrease in 2.86 g of P/kg of the feed.

Prebiotic Activity of Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) Shell on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Strains: A Medicinal Food Ingredient

Maria Margareth V. Naves,Aline M. Alves-Santos,Monik Mariele de A. Silva,Camilla Alves P. Rodrigues,Thatyane Mariano R. de Albuquerque,Evandro Leite de Souza 한국식품영양과학회 2024 Journal of medicinal food Vol.27 No.2

Pequi is a native and popular fruit in Cerrado biome. The internal yellow-orange mesocarp is the ediblefraction of the fruit, but its shell (peel and external mesocarp), which comprises 80% of the fruit, is not used by the agroindustryduring fruit processing. There is a growing interest in the reduction of food loss and waste because of environmental,economic, and social impacts. So this study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and in vitro prebioticactivity of pequi shell flour. Pequi shell flour was obtained from the lyophilization and milling of pequi shell. The content ofdietary fibers, oligosaccharides, sugars, organic acids, total phenolics and tannins, polyphenol profile, and antioxidant capacitywas determined in pequi shell flour. In addition, its prebiotic activity was evaluated on growth and metabolism of probioticsLactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Pequi shell flour has a high content of dietary fibers (47.92 g/100 g), soluble fibers(18.65 g/100 g), raffinose (2.39 g/100 g), and phenolic compounds (14,062.40 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g). For the firsttime, the polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2 were identified in this by-product. Pequi shellflour promoted greater growth of Lacticaseibacillus casei L-26 (at 24–48 h) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12,as well as higher prebiotic activity scores than fructooligosaccharides (standard prebiotic). Pequi shell flour is rich in prebioticcompounds and has a high antioxidant and prebiotic potential. The promising results encourage its use as an ingredient withantioxidant and potential prebiotic properties to elaborate new functional foods and nutraceuticals.

The Role of Lipids in Development of Allergic Responses

Manuel Gomez del Moral1,Eduardo Martinez-Naves 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.3

The Role of Lipids in Development of Allergic Responses

Manuel Gómez del Moral,Eduardo Martínez-Naves 대한면역학회 2017 Immune Network Vol.17 No.3

Most allergic diseases are caused by activation of Th2 type immune responses resulting in the production of specific IgE against proteins found in normally harmless substances such as pollen, mites, epithelia or food. Allergenic substances are composed, in addition to proteins, of other compounds such as carbohydrates and lipids. Those lipids are able to promote the development of Th2-type responses associated with allergy. There are lipids found in pollen, milk or insect venom that are specifically recognized by CD1 restricted unconventional T lymphocytes, which can promote allergic reactions. Furthermore, a large number of allergens are proteins containing hydrophobic parts that specifically bind lipids that are capable to favor allergenic immune responses. Also, lipids associated to substances like pollen, dander, epithelia or the bacteria can act on cells of the innate system, including dendritic cells, which in turn lead to the differentiation of Th2-type clones. Finally, lipids may also influence the ability of allergens to be exposed to the immune system within the oral, respiratory or intestinal mucosa where allergic response occurs with great frequency.

Potential of Whole Pequi (Caryocar spp.) Fruit—Pulp, Almond, Oil, and Shell—as a Medicinal Food

Nara Rubia Rodrigues do Nascimento-Silva,Maria Margareth Veloso Naves 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.9

Pequi (Caryocar) pulp, the most consumed component of pequi fruit, is one of the richest Brazilian carotenoid sources, and the most important carotenoid food source native to the Cerrado. However, there are considerable differences among pequi species regarding total carotenoids content and carotenoids profile. Caryocar brasiliense Camb. pulp presents higher content of total carotenoids than Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers. Regarding the carotenoids profile, few studies are available in the literature, mainly with C. brasiliense. Pequi pulp also has high contents of lipids, dietary fiber, zinc, and magnesium, and is source of calcium and polyphenols. Pequi almond presents high energy, lipid, protein, dietary fiber, and ash contents. Pequi oil (pulp and almond) has high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid, and relatively high contents of saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic. Pequi shell (exocarp and external mesocarp) is the largest component of the fruit and a solid residue of the pequi processing, which is rich in dietary fibers, including soluble fibers, and phenolic compounds, mostly gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin. Pulp oil is the pequi byproduct most investigated in in vivo studies. Research with pequi pulp oil in animal models has shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, antigenotoxic, and anticarcinogenic effects. In humans, there are evidences supporting anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and antigenotoxic effects. Studies on carotenoids profile of pequi pulp in different fruit species are recommended, and in vivo studies are necessary to better explore the potential health benefits of pequi fruit components, mainly the pequi pulp and shell.

Orthologous Allergens and Diagnostic Utility of Major Allergen Alt a 1

Antonio Moreno,Fernando Pineda,Javier Alcover,David Rodríguez,Ricardo Palacios,Eduardo Martínez-Naves 대한천식알레르기학회 2016 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.8 No.5

Purpose: Hypersensitivity to fungi is associated with rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma. For some fungi, such as Alternaria alternata (A. alternata), the symptoms of asthma are persistent, increasing disease severity and the risk of fatal outcomes. There are a large number of species of fungi but knowledge of them remains limited. This, together with the difficulties in obtaining adequate standardized extracts, means that there remain significant challenges in the diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy associated with fungi. The type of indoor fungi related to asthma/allergy varies according to geographic, climatic, and seasonal factors, making their study difficult. The aim of this study was to determine hypersensitivity to indoor fungi in a population from Cuenca, Spain. Methods: Thirty-five patients with symptoms compatible with rhinitis or asthma who showed clear worsening of their symptoms in their homes or workplace were included. In vivo and in vitro tests were made with a battery of fungal allergens, including the species isolated in the home or workplace. Results: Ulocladium botrytis (U. botrytis) and A. alternata were the most representative species as a source of home sensitization. These species showed very high concordance in skin tests, specific IgE, and histamine release. The allergen Alt a 1, which was recognized in all patients, was detected in A. alternata, U. botrytis, and Stemphylium botryosum (S. botryosum). Conclusions: U. botrytis and A. alternata were the most representative species as a source of home sensitization. Alt a 1 was recognized in all patients and may be considered a non-species-specific allergen that could be used as a diagnostic source of sensitization to some species of the Pleosporaceae family.

Dietary chia (Salvia hispanica L.) improves the nutritional quality of broiler meat

Mendonça Nicole Batelli de Souza Nardelli,Sobrane Filho Sérgio Turra,Oliveira David Henrique de,Lima Eduardo Machado Costa,Rosa Priscila Vieira e,Faria Peter Bitencourt,Naves Luciana de Paula,Rodrigue 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.8

Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate the quality and profile of fatty acid in the breast and thigh, and the performance of broilers fed diets containing seed or oil of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) as a replacement for soybean, in the rearing period from 29 to 42 days of age. Methods: On the 29th day of age, 120 broilers were distributed in four treatments evaluated in five replicates of six birds. The grain or oil of soybean was respectively replaced on a weight-to-weight basis in the formulation by the seed or oil of chia, constituting the experimental diets. The roasted whole soybean and chia seed were included in the feed at 16.4%, whereas the soybean and chia oils were included at 2.5%. Results: The dietary chia oil increased the lipid peroxidation in the thigh meat, and the dietary chia seed increased the cooking loss of the thigh. However, for the other physicochemical parameters evaluated and for the proximate composition of the breast and thigh, in general, the inclusion of chia seed or oil in the diet provided similar or better results than those observed when the diets contained soybean oil or roasted whole soybean. With regard to the fatty acid profile and associated parameters, dietary chia increased the concentrations of α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids and reduced the Σω-6:Σω-3 ratio and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of the broiler meat. However, the dietary chia seed worsened the feed conversion ratio. Conclusion: Diet containing 2.5% chia oil supplied to broilers during the period from 29 to 42 days of age improves the feed conversion ratio, increases the deposition of the ω-3 fatty acids in the breast and thigh, in addition to reducing the Σω-6:Σω-3 ratio and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, thereby resulting in meat with higher nutritional quality.

Validation of Prediction Equations of Energy Values of a Single Ingredient or Their Combinations in Male Broilers

R.R. Alvarenga,P.B. Rodrigues,M.G. Zangeronimo,E.C. Oliveira,F.C.M.Q. Mariano,E.M.C. Lima,L.P. Naves,N.B.S. Nardelli,N.B.S. Nardelli 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9

A set of prediction equations to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of individual ingredients and diets used in the poultry feed industry was evaluated. The AMEn values of three energy ingredients (maize, sorghum and defatted maize germ meal), four protein ingredients (soybean meal, maize gluten meal 60% crude protein, integral micronized soy and roasted whole soybean) and four diets (three containing four feedstuffs, complex diets, and one containing only corn-soybean meal, basal diet) were determined using a metabolism assay with male broilers from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and 36 to 42 days old. These values were compared to the AMEn values presented in the tables of energy composition or estimated by equation predictions based on chemical composition data of feedstuffs. In general, the equation predictions more precisely estimated the AMEn of feedstuffs when compared to the tables of energy composition. The equation AMEn (dry matter [DM] basis) = 4,164.187+51.006 ether extract (% in DM basis)–197.663 ash–35.689 crude fiber (% in DM basis)–20.593 neutral detergent fiber (% in DM basis) (R2 = 0.75) was the most applicable for the prediction of the energy values of feedstuffs and diets used in the poultry feed industry.

Validation of Prediction Equations of Energy Values of a Single Ingredient or Their Combinations in Male Broilers

Alvarenga, R.R.,Rodrigues, P.B.,Zangeronimo, M.G.,Oliveira, E.C.,Mariano, F.C.M.Q.,Lima, E.M.C.,Garcia, A.A.P. Jr,Naves, L.P.,Nardelli, N.B.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.9

A set of prediction equations to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of individual ingredients and diets used in the poultry feed industry was evaluated. The AMEn values of three energy ingredients (maize, sorghum and defatted maize germ meal), four protein ingredients (soybean meal, maize gluten meal 60% crude protein, integral micronized soy and roasted whole soybean) and four diets (three containing four feedstuffs, complex diets, and one containing only corn-soybean meal, basal diet) were determined using a metabolism assay with male broilers from 1 to 7, 8 to 21, 22 to 35, and 36 to 42 days old. These values were compared to the AMEn values presented in the tables of energy composition or estimated by equation predictions based on chemical composition data of feedstuffs. In general, the equation predictions more precisely estimated the AMEn of feedstuffs when compared to the tables of energy composition. The equation AMEn (dry matter [DM] basis) = 4,164.187+51.006 ether extract (% in DM basis)-197.663 ash-35.689 crude fiber (% in DM basis)-20.593 neutral detergent fiber (% in DM basis) ($R^2=0.75$) was the most applicable for the prediction of the energy values of feedstuffs and diets used in the poultry feed industry.

REVIEW ON EDDY CURRENT LOSSES IN A SMALL PERMANENT-MAGNET WIND TURBINE GENERATOR

Naveed Ullah,Lee Jang-Ho 한국신재생에너지학회 2017 AFORE Vol.2017 No.11