Optical and structural characterization of aerosol-assisted CVD-grown Ni:ZnO thin films

Natu Krutika,Kaushik Vipin K.,Laad Meena 한국물리학회 2023 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.83 No.3

The present work reports the successful growth and hence, the characterization of Ni:ZnO thin flms with varying Ni contents in precursor solution (xNi = 0.0, 0.10, 1.00, 4.84, 9.25 and 13.27 at.%). The thin flms were fabricated on soda lime glass substrate. An indigenously designed and developed aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) system has been used for the deposition of Ni:ZnO thin flm. Zinc acetylacetonate and Nickel acetylacetonate were used as a source material for Zn and Ni, respectively. To prepare liquid precursor, isopropyl alcohol was used as a solvent for zinc acetylacetonate and Nickel acetylacetonate. The deposition was carried out at a constant growth temperature of 500 oC with oxygen as a carrier gas for the precursor. Raman spectroscopy, XRD and UV–visible spectroscopy characterizations were performed to investigate the efect of varying xNi content over the optical as well as the structural properties of Ni:ZnO thin flms. The average transmittance of undoped and Ni-doped ZnO came out to be about ≥ 95%. The calculated thickness of Ni:ZnO was found to be of the order of hundreds of nanometre i.e., the thin flms of sub-micron-sized thickness have been fabricated. The measured bandgaps of Ni:ZnO thin flm were found to decrease (red shift) with increasing Ni content in precursor solution. The AACVD-grown Ni:ZnO thin flms was found to have low-average absorbance approximately 1% and average refectance approximately 4%. The XRD characteristic spectra of Ni:ZnO thin flms reveal that the required phase is present with a little amount of impurities that matches well with the JCPDS data indicating the hexagonal structure. The particle sizes measured by the XRD Scherer’s formula, values of lattice constants and the volume of unit cell of Ni:ZnO were found to be in a good agreement with literature. Raman spectra of pure and Ni-doped ZnO thin flms have been measured at room temperature in the wave number range 150–1300 cm−1 . A1(TO) modes are obtained in the range of 382–384 cm−1 . While, the modes obtained in the ranges 569–572 cm−1 and 1098–1104 cm−1 are allocated as A1(LO) and A1(2LO) modes respectively.

Color Image Compression using DKT-DCT Hybrid Wavelet Transform in Various Color Spaces

H.B. Kekre,Tanuja Sarode,Prachi Natu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.5

This paper proposes image compression in different color spaces using hybrid wavelet transform. To generate hybrid wavelet transform Discrete Kekre transform (DKT) and Discrete Cosine transform (DCT) are selected as component transforms. Due to high energy compaction property, DCT is selected as local component transform that contributes to local features of an image. Hybrid wavelet transform extracts features of both the component transforms and hence gives less error and better image quality. Component transforms of different sizes are selected to generate hybrid wavelet of size 256x256 and applied on images. In RGB color space 16-16 combination i.e. hybrid wavelet generated using DKT 16x16 and DCT 16x16 gives least error than other combinations like 8-32, 32-8 and 64-4. RMSE, MAE, AFCPV and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) are the error metrics used to measure reconstructed image quality. Different color spaces have been used to observe the performance of this hybrid wavelet transform. In KLUV color space minimum RMSE and MAE is observed than RGB, YUV, YCbCr, XYZ and YIQ color space. Whereas RGB color space gives lowest AFCPV than other color spaces using 16-16 component size. Hence SSIM is used to eliminate this inconsistency in these traditional error metrics. KLUV color space gives highest SSIM 0.998 which is closest to maximum one proving it as a better choice than other color spaces.

Performance Comparison of Watermarking by Sorting and Without Sorting the Hybrid Wavelet Transforms Generated from Sinusoidal and Non-sinusoidal Orthogonal Transforms

H. B. Kekre,Tanuja sarode,Shachi Natu 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.6

In this paper a watermarking technique using hybrid wavelet transforms obtained from sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal component orthogonal transforms is proposed. Sinusoidal transform DCT and non-sinusoidal transforms Walsh, Haar and Discrete Kekre Transform are used to generate hybrid wavelet transforms namely DCT-Walsh, Walsh-DCT, DCT-Haar, Haar-DCT, DCT-DKT and DKT-DCT. Size of each component transform matrix is varied suitably from 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 to generate hybrid wavelet transform matrix for host and watermark. The best size combination is further applied column wise and row wise to host and watermark and to embed the watermark middle frequency regions of host is selected. Embedding is first done without sorting the hybrid wavelet transform coefficients of host and watermark and then sorting is applied to observe the difference in the achieved robustness. Performance of proposed technique is evaluated against various attacks to decide whether sinusoidal transform when used as base transform matrix or local transform matrix is more robust.

Biosynthesized Platinum Nanoparticles Inhibit the Proliferation of Human Lung-Cancer Cells in vitro and Delay the Growth of a Human Lung-Tumor Xenograft in vivo -In vitro and in vivo Anticancer Activity of bio-Pt NPs-

Bendale, Yogesh,Bendale, Vineeta,Natu, Rammesh,Paul, Saili KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: Lung cancer remains a deadly disease with unsatisfactory overall survival. Cisplatin, a standard platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapeutic agent, has the potential to inhibit the growth of lung cancer. Its use, however, is occasionally limited by severe organ toxicity. However, until now, no systematic study has been conducted to verify its efficacy with proper experimental support in vivo. Therefore, we examined whether biosynthesized Pt nanoparticles (NPs) inhibited human lung cancer in vitro and in vivo to validate their use in alternative and complementary medicine. Methods: We evaluated the in vitro and the in vivo anticancer efficiencies of biosynthesized Pt NPs in a subcutaneous xenograft model with A549 cells. Severe combined immune deficient mice (SCID) were divided into four groups: group 1 being the vehicle control group and groups 2, 3 and 4 being the experimental groups. Once the tumor volume had reached $70-75mm^3$, the progression profile of the tumor growth kinetics and the body weights of the mice were measured every week for 6 weeks after oral administration of Pt NPs. Doses of Pt NPs of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg of body weight were administered to the experimental groups and a dose of honey was administered to the vehicle control group. The efficacy was quantified by using the delay in tumor growth following the administration of Pt NPs of A549 human-lung-cancer xenografts growing in SCID mice. Results: The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that Pt NPs, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited the growth of A549 cells, and the in vivo evaluation showed that Pt NPs at the mid and high doses effectively inhibited and delayed the growth of lung cancer in SCID mice. Conclusion: These findings confirm the antitumor properties of biosynthesized Pt NPs and suggest that they may be a cost-effective alternative for the treatment of patients with lung cancer.

Significant Association of Metabolic Indices, Lipid Profile, and Androgen Levels with Prostate Cancer

Tewari, Reshu,Chhabra, Mohini,Natu, Shankar Madhavan,Goel, Apul,Dalela, Divakar,Goel, Madhu Mati,Rajender, Singh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Objectives: To compare the metabolic indices, lipid profile, androgens, and prostate specific antigen between prostate cancer and BPH and between grades of prostate cancer in a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 95 cases of prostate cancer and 95 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate gland volume was measured using transrectal ultrasound. We compared insulin, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, prostate specific antigen levels and lipid profile between prostate cancer of different grades and BPH. Further, prostate cancer patients were classified into low grade and high grade. Unpaired t-test for normally distributed variables and Man-Whitney U test for non-normal variables were used to assess differences. Results: We found that prostate cancer patients had significantly higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in comparison to their BPH counterparts. Higher levels of these parameters also correlated with a higher grade of the disease. Conclusions: We conclude that higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, and cholesterol correlate with a higher risk of prostate cancer, and also with a higher grade of the disease.

Biosynthesized Platinum Nanoparticles Inhibit the Proliferation of Human Lung-Cancer Cells in vitro and Delay the Growth of a Human Lung-Tumor Xenograft in vivo -In vitro and in vivo Anticancer Activity of bio-Pt NPs-

Yogesh Bendale,Vineeta Bendale,Rammesh Natu,Saili Paul 대한약침학회 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.2

Objectives: Lung cancer remains a deadly disease with unsatisfactory overall survival. Cisplatin, a standard platinum (Pt)-based chemotherapeutic agent, has the potential to inhibit the growth of lung cancer. Its use, however, is occasionally limited by severe organ toxicity. However, until now, no systematic study has been conducted to verify its efficacy with proper experimental support in vivo. Therefore, we examined whether biosynthesized Pt nanoparticles (NPs) inhibited human lung cancer in vitro and in vivo to validate their use in alternative and complementary medicine. Methods: We evaluated the in vitro and the in vivo anticancer efficiencies of biosynthesized Pt NPs in a subcutaneous xenograft model with A549 cells. Severe combined immune deficient mice (SCID) were divided into four groups: group 1 being the vehicle control group and groups 2, 3 and 4 being the experimental groups. Once the tumor volume had reached 70 ─ 75 mm3, the progression profile of the tumor growth kinetics and the body weights of the mice were measured every week for 6 weeks after oral administration of Pt NPs. Doses of Pt NPs of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/ kg of body weight were administered to the experimental groups and a dose of honey was administered to the vehicle control group. The efficacy was quantified by using the delay in tumor growth following the administration of Pt NPs of A549 human-lung-cancer xenografts growing in SCID mice. Results: The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that Pt NPs, in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited the growth of A549 cells, and the in vivo evaluation showed that Pt NPs at the mid and high doses effectively inhibited and delayed the growth of lung cancer in SCID mice. Conclusion: These findings confirm the antitumor properties of biosynthesized Pt NPs and suggest that they may be a cost-effective alternative for the treatment of patients with lung cancer.

In-Silico Analysis of Chromatin Modifiers and Profiling of Histone Deacetylases (HDAC’s) in Human Oral Cancer

Anand K. Sajnani,Sanket G. Shah,Mudasir Rashid,Abhiram Natu,Poonam B. Gera,Sanjay Gupta 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2021 전남의대학술지 Vol.57 No.3

Histone modifications have been demonstrated to play a significant role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) epigenetic regulation. An in-silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of various histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) suggested that HATs do not differ between normal and tumor samples whereas HDAC2 and HDAC1 change maximally and marginally respectively between normal and tumor patients with no change being noted in HDAC6 expression. Hence, this investigation was carried out to validate the expression states of HDAC 1, 2 and 6 mRNAs in buccal mucosa and tongue SCC samples in an Indian cohort. Buccal mucosa and tongue squamous cell carcinoma tissues with intact histopathology were processed for RNA isolation followed by cDNA synthesis which was then subjected to q-PCR for HDACs. The average RNA yield of the tongue tissue sample was ∼2 mg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratios were between 2.03 and 2.06. The average RNA yield of buccal mucosa tissue sample was ∼1 mg/mg of tissue and the A260/280 ratio were between 2.00 and 2.08. We have demonstrated that HDAC2 was overexpressed in tongue and buccal mucosa samples. Over-expression of HDAC2 imply potential use of HDACi along with standard chemotherapeutic drug in oral cancer treatment.

Plasma Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors A and C in Patients undergoing Prostatic Biopsy and TURP for Suspected Prostatic Neoplasia

Singh, A.N.,Gautam, Kirti A.,Dalela, D.,Sankhwar, S.N.,Natu, S.M.,Sankhwar, P.L.,Srivastava, A.N. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Background: Formation of new blood vessels is necessary for the development and spread of neoplasms more than 1 mm3 in volume, angiogenesis being responsible for formation of new from pre-existing blood vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is pivotal and the best studied angiogenic factor in all human cancers. Therefore we designed this study to investigate the role of VEGF-A and VEGF-C in prostate cancer in comparison with BPH controls in a north Indian population. Methods: In this case-control study a total of 100 subjects were included on the basis of confirmed histopathological reports, out of which 50 were prostate cancer patients and the other 50 were BPH patients with PSA levels >2 ng/ml and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings during September 2009 to August 2011 from the Department of Urology, KGMU, Lucknow, India. Plasma levels of VEGF were determined using quantitative immunoassay (ELISA-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 15.0 version. Results: The mean age of prostate cancer ($67.6{\pm}5.72$) patients was significantly higher (p=0.005) than BPH ($63.6{\pm}7.92$) patients. Expression of VEGF-A was not significantly higher in disease stage C1 than D1 or D2 and A or B (p=0.13) while the level of VEGF-A was significantly higher (p=0.04) in prostate cancer as compared to BPH subjects (PCa=13.0 pg/ml, BPH=6.8 pg/ml). Levels of VEGF-C were similar in both groups (PCa=832.6 pg/ml, BPH=823.7 pg/ml). In ROC curve, the area under curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95%CI: 0.60-0.80) and the cut-off value for which a higher proportion of patients was correctly classified (20%) was 26.0 pg/mL. Conclusion: Although VEGF-A is increased in cancer prostate patients a statistically significant correlation could not be established in this study. VEGF-C was not found to be a useful biomarker.

Robust Watermarking Technique using Singular Values of Watermark Embedded in Single Mid- row of Column Transformed Host using DCT/DKT-DCT Wavel

Dr. H. B. Kekre,Dr. Tanuja Sarode,Shachi Natu 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.3