Reduction of Sodium Chloride Levels in Emulsified Lamb Sausages: The Effect of Lamb Plasma Protein on the Gel Properties, Sensory Characteristics, and Microstructure

Na Ni,Zhenyu Wang,Linchen Wang,Fan He,Jinkai Liu,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.4

Reduced sodium emulsified lamb sausagesproduced using addition of lamb plasma protein wereevaluated for gel properties, sensory attributes, and microstructures. Hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, redness,yellowness, juiciness, and overall acceptability values ofthe emulsified lamb sausages containing 1.5% sodiumchloride and more than 3% lamb plasma protein weresignificantly (p<0.05) higher than values for sausages with3.5% sodium chloride and no plasma protein. Sensoryattributes indicated that lamb sausages with addition of 4%plasma protein and 1.5% sodium chloride had the greatestoverall acceptability. Matrix morphological characteristicsof sausages were affected by addition of plasma proteinand sodium chloride. Lamb plasma protein enhanced thegel properties of emulsified lamb sausages and improvedthe sensory quality, providing a method to reduce thesodium chloride content of emulsified sausage.

Investment Promotive Effects of Mega-FTAs on the Cooperative Game for Eurasia Initiative

Nany Hur 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2015 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.13 No.3

The policy choices of Eurasian states whether to form a coalition along with the “Eurasia Initiative” can be explained by the cooperative game theory. While the each bilateral relationship before making a binding agreement seems to be a non-cooperative game, the coalitions with many other states through a binding agreement of Mega-FTA would be a cooperative game. Despite the lack of numerical data, this study at least tries to show the possibility of applying the game theory to analyze the “Eurasia Initiative” and it’s the impacts of Mega-FTAs on this ambition. While the Eurasia Initiative necessarily involves some economic projects requiring enough investment promotion, Korea can strategically set up the policies linked with the development of Mega-FTAs. To utilize the investment promotive effect of Mega-FTAs, Korea has to assure that the core of the cooperation game would be the grand coalition of a Mega-FTA. If it continues to search for the best policies to maximize the superadditivity of this cooperative game, Korea will finally be able to achieve the co-promotion of Mega-FTAs and the Eurasia Initiative.

Current Knowledge on Inherited Platelet Function Disorders

Nani Jung,심예지 대한소아혈액종양학회 2020 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.27 No.1

Inherited platelet function disorders (IPFDs) are rare and underdiagnosed in individuals with clinically significant bleeding diathesis. IPFDs are classified according to the causative molecular defects involved in the process of primary hemostasis of platelets, which include the following: 1) adhesion (e.g., Bernard–Soulier syndrome and pseudo-von Willebrand disease), 2) activation (e.g., adenosine diphosphatase receptor defect and thromboxane A2 receptor defect), 3) signal transduction and granule secretion (e.g., gray platelet syndrome, Paris–Trousseau/Jacobsen syndrome, Chediak– Higashi syndrome, and Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome), 4) aggregation (e.g., Glanzmann thrombasthenia), and 5) procoagulant activity (e.g., Scott syndrome). Patients with IPFDs typically present with unexpected mucocutaneous bleeding during early childhood. The diagnosis of these conditions requires several laboratory tests including complete blood cell count, peripheral blood smear, platelet function analysis, light-transmission aggregometry, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and genetic analysis. Platelet transfusion has been the mainstay of treatment. However, antifibrinolytics, desmopressin, and recombinant activated factor VII are also effective when used as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. Importantly, the prevention of bleeding event is the most basic strategy in the management of IPFDs. This review aimed to assess the normal platelet physiology and summarize the current knowledge about the molecular defects, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment strategies of the respective IPFDs. If the cause of the bleeding tendency is difficult to identify, IPFDs should be considered.

Thrombocythemia 1 With THPO Variant (c.13+1G>A) Diagnosed Using Targeted Exome Sequencing: First Case in Korea

Nani Jung,Do-Hoon Kim,Jung Sook Ha,Ye Jee Shim 대한진단검사의학회 2020 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.40 No.4

On the special Finsler metric

Nany Lee 대한수학회 2003 대한수학회보 Vol.40 No.3

Given a Riemannian manifold (M,alpha ) with an almost Hermitianstructure f and a non-vanishing covariant vector field b,,consider the generalized Randers metric L=alpha +beta ,,where beta is a special singular Riemannian metric defined byb and f. This metric L is called an (a,b,f)-metric. Wecompute the inverse and the determinant of the fundamental tensor(g_{ij}) of an (a,b,f)-metric. Then we determine the maximaldomain mathcal{D}, of TMsetminus O, for an(a,b,f)-manifold where a y-local Finsler structure L, isdefined. And then we show that any (a,b,f)-manifold isquasi-C-reducible and find a condition under which an(a,b,f)-manifold is C-reducible.

The Effectiveness of the Cooperation Agenda in FTAs: Ways to Promote Foreign Investment and Development Assistance in Asia*

Nany Hur 한국무역학회 2021 Journal of Korea trade Vol.25 No.6

Purpose – This paper aims at analyzing the functions and effectiveness of the cooperation agenda in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), focusing on the cases of Asian countries. This paper estimates the contribution of this agenda to the sustainable development in Asia by providing the ‘side payment’ of the economic integration that encourages foreign investment and change in global value chains (GVC). Design/methodology – This study analyzes the functions of the cooperation chapter in FTAs by applying the cooperative game theory and reviewing the structures of the related FTAs. Also, as an empirical study, the existing FTA provisions and related development assistant programs in Asia are reviewed in this paper, especially focusing on the FTAs signed by Korea. Findings – Our main findings can be summarized as follows: The drawback of the economic inte￾gration, which would be the imbalanced economic benefit, can be redressed by the cooperation chapter in FTAs functioning as a ‘side payment’. Indeed, as the examples of Korean FTAs show, more foreign investment and the GVC expansion in Asian countries have been encouraged thanks to the implementation of the cooperation chapters. Originality/value – This paper attempts to find how a legally binding agreement would influence the cooperation agenda in Asia which has never been analyzed despite the increasing number of so-called ‘cooperation’ chapters in the FTAs.

Historical and Strategic Concern over the US-China Trade War: Will They Be within the WTO?

Nany Hur 이준국제법연구원 2018 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.11 No.2

Likeness Standards for Trade in Services

HUR Nany(허난이) 대한국제법학회 2016 國際法學會論叢 Vol.61 No.2

서비스 무역에서의 동종성(likeness)요건의 경우, GATS는 서비스뿐 아니라 서비스 공급자 또한 함께 규율하고 있다는 점이 중요시된다. 서비스의 비물질적 성격으로 인하여 ‘동종 서비스 및 서비스 공급자’가 비차별원칙상 비교대상이 되었고, 이로 인해 ‘동종성’을 서비스에 대해서만 판단할지 아니면 공급자들간의 동일성까지 추가로 판단하여야 하는지 논란이 되었다. 이러한 논란을 해결하기 위해 제시된 여러 제안들 중에서도 서비스와 그 공급자들에 관련된 모든 요소들을 ‘관련 비중에 따라 균형적으로 고려하는(weighing and balancing)’ ‘통합적 기준(merged test)’이 가장 바람직할 것이다. 한편, 국제투자조약들에서도 비차별원칙상 비교대상과 관련하여 유사한 개념인 ‘동종 상황(like circumstances)’요건이 등장해왔었는데, 여러 중재판정사례들은 이에 대한 다양한 해석을 제시하였다. 전반적으로 적절한 비교대상을 찾기 위해서 관련된 모든 주변 상황들을 전체적으로 고려하는 관점이 채택되어 왔다. ‘동종 상황’ 기준은 일견 ‘통합적 기준’과 매우 유사하므로, GATS에서 동 기준이 현실적으로 적용될 수 있는지를 판단하는 좋은 예가된다. 구체적으로 살펴보자면, 먼저 ‘동종 서비스’의 판단 기준은 동종 시장에서의 경쟁적 관계를 중시하므로, ‘동종 상황’ 기준에서도 고려 대상이 되는 ‘같은 사업 및 경제적 분야’ 인지 여부 또한 함께 고려될 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 ‘동종 공급자’의 판단 기준이 되는 여러 요소들은 – 예를 들어 기술, 규모 및 사용인력의 차이 – 이미 ‘동종 상황’ 기준에서도 다뤄지고 있다. 또한 ‘동종 상황’ 기준에 따르면 합리적인 정책 목적에 따른 대우의 차이 또한 정당화 될 수 있으므로, 이를 도입한다면 GATS상 동종 공급자인지 여부의 판단이 정책적 고려 요소에 따라 달라질 수 있을 것이다. GATS regulates not only ‘services’ being traded but also ‘service suppliers’ due the intangibility of services. There is the practical interpretative relevance on the ‘supplier’ in the text of non-discrimination rules in the GATS related to the relationship between the service and the supplier with regard to ‘likeness’, for example, whether the services, the suppliers or both need to be alike in order to find a violation of non-discrimination principle. Among various approaches to resolve this problem, the merged test that requires weighing and balancing of the factors related to both services and the suppliers seems desirable. Meanwhile, the investment treaties have contained the standard of ‘like circumstances’ to decide the comparators. It has been interpreted as a broader concept which embraces all the surrounding situations to find proper comparators regarding the purpose of the non-discrimination principle. As the ‘like circumstances’ standard resembles the merged test, a number of examples of this comprehensive approach in the international investment arbitrations would suggest whether it can be a viable option for the GATS. Specifically, the ‘like services’ standard which sees the competitive relationship in the market parallels the ‘like circumstances’ standard which requires the comparators in the same business and economic sector. Moreover, the various factors such as different skills, and size of the company which should be taken into account regarding ‘like suppliers’ are also the element of the comprehensive ‘like circumstances’ standard considering overall economic circumstances. Even the different treatments based on rational policy objectives can be justified through this approach if there is a reasonable nexus with the rational policy and contractual regulatory regime.

ON THE GENERALIZED RANDERS CHANGE OF BERWALD METRICS

Lee, Nany The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2010 한국수학논문집 Vol.18 No.4

In this paper, we study the generalized Randers change $^*L(x,y)=L(x,y)+b_i(x,y)y^i$ from the Brewald metric L and the h-vector $b_i$. And in search for a non-Berwald Landsberg metric, we obtain the conditions on $b_i(x,y)$ under which $^*L$ is a Landsberg metric.

ZERMELO'S NAVIGATION PROBLEM ON HERMITIAN MANIFOLDS

Lee, Nany The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2006 한국수학논문집 Vol.14 No.1

In this paper, we apply Zermelo's problem of navigation on Riemannian manifolds to Hermitian manifolds. Using a similar technique with which we define a Randers metric in a Finsler manifold by perturbing Riemannian metric with a vector field, we construct an $(a,b,f)$-metric in a Rizza manifold from a Hermitian metric and a given vector field.