Alteration in Leukocyte Subsets and Expressions of FcγR and Complement Receptors among Female Ragpickers in Eastern India

Nandan K. Mondal,Shabana Siddique,Madhuchanda Banerjee,Sanghita Roychoudhury,Sayali Mukherjee,Mark S. Slaughter,Twisha Lahiri,Manas R. Ray 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.2

Background There are a million ragpickers in India who gather and trade recyclable municipal solid wastes materials for a living. The objective of this study was to examine whether their occupation adversely affects their immunity. Methods Seventy-four women ragpickers (median age, 30 years) and 65 age-matched control housemaids were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to measure leukocyte subsets, and leukocyte expressions of Fcγ receptor I (CD64), FcγRIII (CD16), complement receptor 1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and CD14. Serum total immunoglobulin-E was estimated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the controls, ragpickers had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher levels of CD8+T-cytotoxic, CD16+CD56+natural killer, and CD4+CD45RO+memory T-cells, but depleted levels of CD19+B-cells. The percentage of CD4+T-helper-cells was lower than the control group (p < 0.0001), but their absolute number was relatively unchanged (p = 0.42) due to 11% higher lymphocyte counts in ragpickers. In ragpickers, the percentages of CD14+CD16+intermediate and CD14dim CD16+nonclassical monocyte subsets were elevated with a decline in CD14+CD16-classical monocytes. The expressions of CD64, CD16, CD35, and CD11b/CD18 on both monocytes and neutrophils, and CD14 on monocytes were significantly higher in ragpickers. In addition, ragpickers had 2.7-times more serum immunoglobulin-E than the controls (p < 0.0001). After controlling potential confounders, the profession of ragpicking was positively associated with the changes. Conclusion Ragpicking is associated with alterations in both innate (neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cell numbers and expression of complement and Fcγ receptors) and adaptive immunity (numbers of circulating B cells, helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells).

Laser Electron Acceleration: Role of an Additional Long-Wavelength Electromagnetic Wave and a Magnetic Field

Devki Nandan Gupta,Min Sup Hur,석희용 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.1

The combined role of an additional long-wavelength electromagnetic wave and a magnetic field on laser electron acceleration is examined. The electron dynamics and the energy gain in the presence of two electromagnetic waves of significantly different wavelengths are studied by using numerical calculations. The additional effect of an imposed magnetic field is also observed. According to this study, a short electromagnetic wave can accelerate the trapped electron to a high energy, and the external magnetic field bends the electron out of the laser path. Hence, the electron leaves the interaction region, so it does not lose energy anymore. As a result, in the proposed mechanism, the electron can gain a considerably high energy due to the effect of a magnetic field.

Remote Sensing of Cloud Ice Water Path from SAPHIR Microwave Sounder Onboard Megha- Tropiques

Durgesh Nandan Piyush,J Satapathy,J. Srinivasan 한국기상학회 2019 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.55 No.2

This study derives the ice water path of the atmospheric column from the microwave sounder SAPHIR onboard Megha- Tropiques. SAPHIR (Sondeur Atmosphérique du Profil d’Humidité Intertropicale par Radiométrie) is a cross-track, multichannel microwave humidity sounder with six channels ranging from 183.3 ± 0.2 to 183.3 ± 11 GHz near the 183.31 GHz water vapor absorption line. It measures the earth emitted radiation at these six frequencies. In this paper, Concurrent and collocated observations of Channel 183.31 ± 6.6 GHz, and 183.3 ± 11 GHz from SAPHIR and IWP (Ice water Path) from CloudSat have been used in the development the algorithm. A total of five sets of neural network model, each for 10° of incidence angle of SAPHIR have been developed. The model shows a correlation of 0.83 and RMSE of 195 g/m2 with an independent test dataset. The validation of the algorithm has been done by comparing the retrieval with various satellite derived IWP products such as CloudSat, GMI (Global precipitation measuring mission Microwave Imager) and MSPPS (Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System). The instantaneous comparisons of IWP over a cyclonic storm ROANU demonstrate a good agreement between NN (Neural Network) derived IWP and CloudSat. A probability distribution of IWP indicates consistency between SAPHIR and CloudSat. A comparison of zonal mean between all the IWP products shows that SAPHIR performs better than GMI, and MSPPS.

Alteration in Leukocyte Subsets and Expressions of FcγR and Complement Receptors among Female Ragpickers in Eastern India

Mondal, Nandan K.,Siddique, Shabana,Banerjee, Madhuchanda,Roychoudhury, Sanghita,Mukherjee, Sayali,Slaughter, Mark S.,Lahiri, Twisha,Ray, Manas R. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.2

Background: There are a million ragpickers in India who gather and trade recyclable municipal solid wastes materials for a living. The objective of this study was to examine whether their occupation adversely affects their immunity. Methods: Seventy-four women ragpickers (median age, 30 years) and 65 age-matched control housemaids were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to measure leukocyte subsets, and leukocyte expressions of $Fc{\gamma}$ receptor I (CD64), $Fc{\gamma}RIII$ (CD16), complement receptor 1 (CD35) and CR3 (CD11b/CD18), and CD14. Serum total immunoglobulin-E was estimated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared with the controls, ragpickers had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher levels of CD8-T-cytotoxic, CD16+CD56+natural killer, and CD4+CD45RO+memory T-cells, but depleted levels of CD19+B-cells. The percentage of CD4+T-helper-cells was lower than the control group (p < 0.0001), but their absolute number was relatively unchanged (p = 0.42) due to 11% higher lymphocyte counts in ragpickers. In ragpickers, the percentages of CD14+CD16+intermediate and CD14dim CD16+nonclassical monocyte subsets were elevated with a decline in CD14+CD16-classical monocytes. The expressions of CD64, CD16, CD35, and CD11b/CD18 on both monocytes and neutrophils, and CD14 on monocytes were significantly higher in ragpickers. In addition, ragpickers had 2.7-times more serum immunoglobulin-E than the controls (p < 0.0001). After controlling potential confounders, the profession of ragpicking was positively associated with the changes. Conclusion: Ragpicking is associated with alterations in both innate (neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cell numbers and expression of complement and $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors) and adaptive immunity (numbers of circulating B cells, helper, cytotoxic, and memory T cells).

Bifunctional role of Pd/MMT-K 10 catalyst in direct transformation of furfural to 1,2-pentanediol

Date, Nandan S.,Chikate, Rajeev C.,Roh, Hyun-Seog,Rode, Chandrashekhar V. Elsevier 2018 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.309 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The acid functionality of montmorillonite clay K 10 (MMT-K 10) was found to play a key role to give 1,2-pentanediol (1,2-PeDO) in Pd catalysed furfural hydrogenation. Among various Pd loadings on MMT-K 10, 3% Pd/MMT-K 10 catalyst exhibited excellent performance giving almost complete conversion of FFR and the highest selectivity of 66% to 1,2-PeDO. Py-IR of the catalyst evidenced the presence of Brønsted acidity which was responsible in C5-O cleavage of furan ring after the formation of furfuryl alcohol which is the first step intermediate in FFR hydrogenation. At a lower temperature of 140°C, highest selectivity of 56% was achieved for FAL while increase in temperature to 220°C, enhanced the selectivity to 1,2-PeDO. Keeping the temperature constant at 220°C, increase in H<SUB>2</SUB> pressure from 500 to 750psig, resulted in decrease in 1,2-PeDO selectivity from 66 to 34% with proportionate increase in THFAL selectivity. Thus as per the requirement, the product selectivities can be tailored by varying the reaction parameters suitably. Several control experiments were also performed the results of which combined with the characterization data allowed to propose a plausible reaction pathway for the formation of 1,2-PeDO.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 3% Pd/MMT-K10 gave complete FFR conversion with 66% 1,2-PeDO. </LI> <LI> Brønsted acidity of the catalyst is responsible for C5-O cleavage of furan ring. </LI> <LI> Product selectivities by varying H<SUB>2</SUB> pressure. </LI> <LI> Proposed reaction pathway to 1,2-PeDO involved FAL formation as the key step. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Brønsted acidity of Pd/MMT-K10 responsible to give 1,2-PeDO in single step furfural hydrogenation.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Formulation of an alternate concrete mix for concrete filled GFRG panels

Nithya Nandan,R. Renjith 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.63 No.2

Glass fiber reinforced gypsum panels (GFRG) are hollow panels made from modified gypsum plaster and reinforced with chopped glass fibers. The hollow cores of panels can be filled with in-situ concrete/reinforced concrete or insulation material to increase the structural strength or the thermal insulation, respectively. GFRG panels are unfilled when used as partition walls. As load bearing walls, the panels are filled with M 20 grade concrete (reinforced concrete filling) in order to resist the gravity and lateral loads. The study was conducted in two stages: First stage involves formulation of the alternate light weight mix by conducting experimental investigations to obtain the optimum combination of phosphogypsum and shredded thermocol. In the second stage the alternate mixes are filled in GFRG panels and experimental investigations are conducted to compare the performance against panels filled with conventional M 20 mix.

Mode-coupling assisted electron accelerations by a plasma wave

Devki Nandan Gupta,Krishna Gopal,Victor V. Kulagin,석희용 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.3

The acceleration of electrons by a plasma wave in the presence of density ripple in plasma has been investigated. Plasma density ripple can excite higher harmonics of different phase velocities of the fundamental plasma wave. The combined role of the different harmonics of the plasma wave contributes significantly in electrons energy gain during acceleration by the fundamental plasma wave. Our calculation shows that the plasma electrons gain considerable energy during the acceleration by the plasma waves in the presence of a density ripple in plasma. The initial electron energy and the ripple density play an important role for the acceleration of an electron.

Combined effect of tight-focusing and frequency-chirping on laser acceleration of an electron in vacuum

Gupta, Devki Nandan,Jang, Hyo Jae,Suk, Hyyong American Institute of Physics 2009 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.105 No.10

Efficient high-harmonic radiations by chirped laser-pulse interactions with electrons in the presence of a magnetic field

Gupta, Devki Nandan,Suk, Hyyong American Institute of Physics 2009 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.105 No.8

Space-Charge Field Assisted Electron Acceleration by Plasma Wave in Magnetic Plasma Channel

Gupta, Devki Nandan,Kaur, Maninder,Gopal, Krishna,Suk, Hyyong IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.44 No.11

<P>When the duration of a laser pulse is comparable to the plasma wave period, a large-amplitude plasma wave can be driven by the laser. In the presence of a guiding magnetic field, the large-amplitude plasma wave of finite transverse extent and large phase velocity resonantly accelerates the electrons to a higher energy level. For a small laser spot size, the laser exerts an axial as well as the radial ponderomotive force on the electrons that creates a density depression on the laser axis. This electron-depleted channel also creates a radial electric field ( ion space-charge field). The acceleration of electrons in this channel is investigated, where the effect of ion space-charge field is considered, by solving the single particle dynamical equations. This paper shows that the space charge field plays an important role in electron energy gain during acceleration by a plasma wave in a magnetic plasma channel. This paper may be crucial in understanding the dynamics of particle motion and improving the quality of accelerated electron beam in the laser wakefield accelerators.</P>