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The Concept of Nat-worship among Theravada Buddhists in Myanmar
U Nandācāra 동국대학교 불교학술원 2014 International Journal of Buddhist Thought & Cultur Vol.23 No.-
Nat-worship is a part of the belief system of some Burmese. Its involvement in their lives depends on circumstances. It sometimes becomes very important to many people and sometimes is of lesser importance to fewer people depending on whether they are affected by bad or good circumstances. This paper analyzes types of local Nats, Devas from Buddhist texts, conceptions, and the proper ways to deal with them. This paper also discusses Nat-worship in respect to beliefs, rituals, and ways of worship, and evaluates the accommodation of Nat-worship in Buddhism, the impact of Nat-worship on Burmese Buddhists in negative and positive ways, and the impact of Buddhist thought on local Nat-worship as well.
GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GENERIC LIGHTLIKE SUBMANIFOLDS
Nand Kishor Jha,Megha Pruthi,Sangeet Kumar,Jatinder Kaur 호남수학회 2022 호남수학학술지 Vol.44 No.2
In the present study, we investigate generic lightlike submanifolds of indefinite nearly Kaehler manifolds. After proving the existence of generic lightlike submanifolds in an indefinite generalized complex space form, a non-trivial example of this class of submanifolds is discussed. Then, we find a characterization theorem enabling the induced connection on a generic lightlike submanifold to be a metric connection. We also derive some conditions for the integrability of distributions defined on generic lightlike submanifolds. Further, we discuss the non-existence of mixed geodesic generic lightlike submanifolds in a generalized complex space form. Finally, we investigate totally umbilical generic lightlike submanifolds and minimal generic lightlike submanifolds of an indefinite nearly Kaehler manifold
Generic lightlike submanifolds of semi-Riemannian product manifolds
Nand Kishor Jha,Jatinder Kaur,Sangeet Kumar,Megha Pruthi 대한수학회 2023 대한수학회논문집 Vol.38 No.3
We introduce the study of generic lightlike submanifolds of a semi-Riemannian product manifold. We establish a characterization theorem for the induced connection on a generic lightlike submanifold to be a metric connection. We also find some conditions for the integrability of the distributions associated with generic lightlike submanifolds and discuss the geometry of foliations. Then we search for some results enabling a generic lightlike submanifold of a semi-Riemannian product manifold to be a generic lightlike product manifold. Finally, we examine minimal generic lightlike submanifolds of a semi-Riemannian product manifold.
몽골의 COVID-19 정책과 몽골이주민 귀국 문제에 관한 연구
신난딩(Nanding Shin) 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2021 다문화사회연구 Vol.14 No.3
본 연구는 몽골사회에서 COVID-19와 관련해 폐쇄적인 이동제한 정책을 시행함으로써 어떻게 국내 시민 및 해외체류 국민들의 반발을 불러왔는지에 관해 살펴본다. 몽골사회와 한국사회의 관련 자료들을 활용해 COVID-19에 따른 이동제한 정책을 들여다보면 한국 내 몽골이주민의 고립 및 생존 문제가 어떤 과정을 통해 발생하게 되는지에 대해 초국적 시각에서 파악할 수 있다. 출신사회와 거주사회에 걸쳐 생활하고 있는 이주민들에게 이동은 필수적이며, 전염병 확산 방지를 위해 시행된 COVID-19에 따른 폐쇄적 이동제한 정책은 필연적으로 이주민의 삶에 부정적 영향을 끼치게 된다. 첫째, 국내 수준에서 몽골은 COVID-19 범전염병 예방 정책과 제도를 새롭게 구축하면서 국민의 완전 이동제한 정책을 시행했지만 국민들의 반대에 부딪치게 된다. 몽골정부의 완전 봉쇄정책에 대한 반대 시위는 COVID-19 정책 시행 과정에서 민주주의적 의사소통이 요구됨을 보여주었다. COVID-19 제도 형성에 있어서 국민들의 적극적인 참여가 필요하고, 국회 및 특별위원회의 결의에 대한 투명성, 정부와 국민 상호간 의사소통적 협력이 절실하게 필요하다는 것을 확인해 주었다. 둘째, 몽골 국내 COVID-19 제도는 일국주의적 이동제한을 추구함으로써 해외이주민의 입국을 제한했다. 몽골은 COVID-19 해외 유입을 막기 위해 국가 간 인구 이동을 제한하고 국경을 폐쇄했다. 국경폐쇄로 인해 외국인뿐만 아니라 해외국민의 귀국이 매우 제한적으로 허용되고 있다. 셋째, 일국주의적 이동제한 정책으로 인해 몽골 이주민들은 한국사회에서는 의료서비스나 경제활동으로부터 소외되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 몽골사회로부터는 출입국 제한을 받음으로써 귀국하지 못하는 상황에 내몰리는 부정적 결과를 낳게 되었다. 입국이 제한된 몽골이주민들은 다른 국가에 ‘갇혀서’ 귀국할 권리, 경제권, 건강권 등을 보호받지 못하는 문제에 직면하고 있다. 해외 거주가 장기화되고 있는 몽골 이주민들에게 경제적 지원 및 백신 접종이 요구된다는 점에서 일국주의적 이동제한 정책은 개선될 필요가 있다. This essay is a study to analyze Mongolian COVID-19 policy and its restrictions on Mongolian overseas citizens’ entry. First, the Mongolian government established a new policy to prevent the spread of COVID-19 pandemic at the domestic level. During the early stages of COVID-19 spreading, the Mongolian government enforced a severe travel restriction policy by blocking the border, but it was faced with opposition. Protesters opposing the policy demanded a democratic communication between the people and the government regarding the implementation of the COVID-19 policy. Second, entry of overseas citizens was limited because of Mongolian travel restrictions policy. To prevent COVID-19 inflow from abroad, the Mongolian government had restricted people’s movement between countries by closing its borders. Thus, Mongolian citizens have been in danger of losing their right to return home or receive health benefits, since they have been "trapped" abroad. So, they have requested the Mongolian government to urgently provide them with economic support and vaccinations for them to survive this hardship. Third, we can say that the more a country is globalized the easier it is for infectious diseases to spread. Cooperative policy among countries to prevent Covid-19 is much more effective than border closure policy because it requires sharing information of confirmed cases among countries and vaccination at a global range.
Jyotish Nand Kumar,Singh Lalit Kumar,Kumar Chiranjeev 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.3
This article proposes a novel approach to measure the performance of Safety-Critical Systems (SCS). Such systems contain multiple processing nodes that communicate with each other is modeled by a Petri nets (PN). The paper uses the PN for the performance evaluation of SCS. A set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is derived from the Petri net model that represent the state of the system, and the solutions can be used to measure the system's performance. The proposed method can avoid the state space explosion problem and also introduces new metrics of performance, along with their measurement: deadlock, liveness, stability, boundedness, and steady state. The proposed technique is applied to Shutdown System (SDS) of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP). We obtained 99.887% accuracy of performance measurement, which proves the effectiveness of our approach