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봉황음(鳳凰吟) 복원(復原)을 위한 정간보(井間譜) 해석(解釋) 연구(硏究)
남상숙 ( Nam Sang-suk ) 무용역사기록학회 2009 한국무용사학 Vol.10 No.-
처용무 반주음악인 봉황음은『세종실록악보』와『대악후보』에 같은 리듬형태로 남아있다. 봉황음의 복원을 위해 정간 시가의 해석은 필수적이다. 이혜구의 “정간=일정한 시간단위”라는 견해에 대한 최초의 반론이 콘디트(1977)에 의해서 제기되었고, 이어서 홍정수와 전인평이 다른 해석을 내놓았다. 본고에서는 홍정수의 견해와 최근에 발표된 문숙희의 정간해석만을 검토하였다. 콘디트와 전인평의 해석은 이혜구에 의하여 충분히 문제점이 지적되었고 이에 대한 반론이 제기되지 않았기 때문이다. 홍정수와 문숙희의 정간해석으로 고악보의 복원연주가 불가능한 근거는 그들이 제시한 리듬형은 고악보에 나타난 일부에 지나지 않는다는 점이다. 더구나 문숙희의 “악곡마다 정간해석이 달라진다”는 주장은 고악보의 복원연주를 더욱 어렵게 하고 정간보의 가치를 의심하게 한다. 정간은 일정한 시간단위를 나타낸다는 견해의 근거로 가곡악보를 고찰하였다. 1572년의 『금합자보』의 만대엽부터 『대악후보』의 만대엽, 『삼죽금보』의 가곡, 현행의 가곡보가 모두 16정간 6대강보에 기보되어 있다. 『삼죽금보』의 가곡 악보는 장고점의 위치도 현행과 일치한다. 이 일관된 형태의 가곡악보는 현재 1정간 1박 형식으로 연주되고 있다. 정간은 일정한 시간단위를 나타낸다는 견해의 또 다른 근거로 종묘제례악의 가사배자법을 살펴보았다. 모든 곡에 있어서 가사 한 글자가 갖는 정간의 수는 전체적으로 일정한 규칙이 적용되었다. 각 정간이 갖는 의미가 일정하지 않다면 이런 가사배자법은 탄생하지 않았을 것으로 확신한다. Bonghwangeum music, an accompaniment music for the Cheoyongmu dance, remains a same type of rhythms in Musical Notes of King Sejong Annals and Daeakhubo (7-volume books of musical notes dating back to the Joseon Dynasty). It is necessary to interpret the note value of Jeonggan (squares of old Korean mensural notation) in order to restore Bonghwangeum. When Yi Hye-gu`s presented a view that Jeonggan is a certain time unit, the first counterargument was offered in 1977 by Condit, followed by Hong Jeong-su and Jeon In-pyeong who presented different interpretations thereof. In this study, examined were only Hong Jeong-su`s viewpoints and the recent interpretation by Mun Suk-hui, because problems surrounding the interpretation of Jeonggan by Condit and Jeong In-pyeong were sufficiently discussed by Yi Hye-gu, and also a counterargument was made. A replaying of the ancient musical notes based on the interpretation of Jeonggan by Hong Jeong-su and Mun Suk-hui is impossible, because their proposed rhythms constitute only part of those appearing in the ancient musical notes. Moreover, Mun Suk-hui`s argument that the interpretation of Jeonggan varies according to music makes it more difficult to restore and play the ancient musical notes. This may also lead one to suspect the value of the Jeongganbo musical notation method. In this study, the musical notes of the ancient songs were examined on the basis of the view that Jeonggan is a certain time unit. All musical notes were written in the 16 Jeongan and 6 Gangbo (musical pieces), from Mandaeyeop of Geumhapjabo musical notes of 1572, to Mandaeyeop of Daeakhubo, songs of Samjukgeumbo musical notes, and the current musical notes of songs. With regard to the musical notes of songs in Samjukgeumbo, the location of beating or striking the drum is consistent with that of the current music. The consistent types of musical notes of songs today are played under the principle that one Jeonggan means one beat. To verify another foundation for the view that Jeonggan is a certain time unit, Gasa Baejabeop (a rule of positioning the characters of lyrics regularly in a music) of Jongmyo Jeryeak (Royal Ancestral Shrine Music) was examined. In all musical pieces, the number of Jeonggan that a character of lyrics has is decided overall under certain rules. If each Jeonggan had not a consistent meaning, such rules would not have been created.
도.토기의 과학적 분석-경상남도 도요지 출토 토기편을 중심으로
홍종욱,조남철,황진주,문환석,Hong, Jong-Ouk,Cho, Nam-Chul,Hwang, Jin-Ju,Moon, Whan-Suk 국립문화재연구소 2001 保存科學硏究 Vol.22 No.-
The scientific analysis and provenance study of potteries excavated from kiln site at Gyeongsang Nam-do were carried out using XRD, ICP-AES and NAA. We can summary the following Result :1. As a result of XRD analysis, it showed that soft potteries consisted of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals while hard potteries consisted of high temperature crystals such as mullite, tridymite, cristobalite.In case of firing temperature which are determined by XRD, potteries consisted of quartz, feldspar and clay mineral had very low firing temperature. While potteries having only cristobalite ranged above $1200^{\circ}C$.2. As a result of correlation analysis using trace element, the selected characteristic elements which was able to distinguish from each kiln site was Sm, Cs, Sc, Eu, Hf.3. Discriminant analytical showed that each kiln site were classified into 4-gruops;Kimhaeci Daesungdong, Hamangun Myosari, Changyounggun Yochori and one group mixed KimhaeciGuosandong, Kimhaeci Samgyeri. This suggests that there are no correlations between the raw materials used in each kiln sites except Kimhaeci Guosandong, Kimhaeci Samgyeri.
생물검정법을 이용한 하수슬러지 장기연용 토양의 독성평가
남재작,이승환,권순익,홍석영,임동규,고문환,송범헌 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.4
생물검정법에 의한 토양 내 독성평가의 유용성을 확인하기 위해 두 종류의 하수슬러지를 7년간 연용한 토양을 Microtox^(?) 생물검정법과 상추종자 뿌리 신장법을 사용하여 독성을 평가하였다. 이 방법들은 하수오니의 종류나 시용량에 따른 토양의 독성 정도를 잘 평가 할 수 있었다. 상추종자 뿌리 신장법은 특별한 장비나 복잡한 처리 없이도 유의성 있는 결과를 구할 수 있었고 Microtox^(?) 검정법은 전반적으로 재현성과 감도에서 유의성이 있었으며 또한 유기화합물에 대한 종합적인 평가도 가능하였다. 하수오니와 같이 다양한 화합물이 혼재되어 있는 유기성 자원의 토양 시용시 기존의 제한된 화학성분의 토양 분석법만으로는 독성평가에 한계가 있고 또 개별적으로는 별 영향이 없더라도 여러 화합물이 복합적으로 존재할 때 나타나는 독성작용에 대한 평가는 더욱이 어렵다. 그러므로 이러한 영향을 종합적으로 평가할 수 있는 생물검정법이 토양의 독성 평가에서 화학분석법을 보완하는 평가방법으로서의 중요성은 충분하다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 생물독성법의 유용성을 높이기 위해서는 생물검정법의 시료 추출방법 개선과 실험의 재현성을 높이기 위한 노력이 필요하리라 생각된다. 따라서 이런 생물검정법의 많은 제약에도 불구하고 환경의 종합적인 평가에 있어서 생물검정법의 중요성은 대단히 크며 직접적으로 생물을 이용하는 방법뿐만 아니라 유전독성 평가 방법 등 다양한 방법들이 환경독성 평가에 응용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Bioassay was employed to assess toxicity of soil which had been treated with sewage sludges for seven years. The Microtox^(?) and root elongation test of lettuce (Lactuca Saliva) elucidated that the intensity of soil toxicity was closely related with the types and amount of sewage sludges applied. Both bioassay methods proved to be useful in an assessment of soil toxicity and were consistent to some extent with the conventional chemical analysis methods. EC_(50) values resulted from Microtox^(?) were highly correlated with concentration of heavy metals in soils amended with sewage sludges : Cu (r²= 0.86^(**)), Cr (r²= 0.84^(**)), Ni (r²= 0.83^(**)), and Zn (r²= 0.69^(**)). This demonstrated that both bioassay techniques could be employed as tools for soil toxicity assessment when the soil was exposed to solid wastes such as sewage sludge.
南錫泰 慶一大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.14 No.2
The gas permeability of laminated membranes was decreased with increasing the concentration of polymer solution and the number of laminating layer, while the selectivity increased. In CA/PS polyblend laminated membrane, permeabilities increased with the ratio of PS and selectivities also increased with the ratio of CA. The mechanism of gas permeation was changed from the combination of Poiseuille and Knudsen flow model to the solution-diffusion model.
Random Exciting에 依한 드릴링머시인의 動的性能試驗에 關한 硏究
남궁척 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1983 論文集 Vol.6 No.2(B)
In this study, both cutting tests and exciting tests were conducted to establish the basis for dynamic performance tests of drilling machines. For the cutting test, the behavior of the static and dynamic components of cutting resistance in drilling were measured with a dynamometer of the piezoelectric transducer type. For the exciting test, the machine tool was excited through an excitor and the displacement caused by the exciting force was measured, The exciting signals used in the exciters were analogous signal and cutting resistance signal. The testpieces used in the experiments were carbon steel, brass and aluminium alloy. On the basis of the results of the experiments, the following conclusions are drawn; 1. Static and dynamic components in drilling. 1) Dynamic components of cutting resistance were not related to the depth of drilled hole. 2) As feed and drill diameter increased, static and dynamic components of cutting resistance were increased. 3) Dynamic components of cutting thrust were increased by increasing spindle speed. 4) The ratio of the dynamic component to the static component was 0.3-0.5 in torque and 0.1-0.2 in thrust. 5) The behavior of the static and dynamic components in the process of drilling through was the same as that of a blind hole. 6) The characteristics of the tool system affected the dynamic component of cutting resistance greatly, though this effect depended considerably on the work materials. 7) The maximum amplitude of the dynamic componet was increased in proportion to the feed rate and the spindle speed. 2. Exciting test of drilling machines. I) The frequency respone of Inertance of a drilling machine, measured by using analogous random signal as an exciting source, was different from that of the signal of cutting resistance. 2) Even though actual drilling conditions were used for the exciting signal, the measured results were different, depending on the drilling conditions and work materials. In the case of the exciting test, better results could be obtained when a cutting resistance signal was used as an input for the exciting signal and the peformance of the drilling machine could be tested under practical drilling conditions.
南錫泰,崔成符 龍仁大學校 1993 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.9 No.-
본 연구는 수면전개법으로 고분자 박막을 제조하기 위한 연구로서 셀룰로즈아세테이트(CA), 폴리염화비닐(PVC), 폴리스티렌(PS) 용액의 수면전개 거동과 생성된 박막의 구조특성을 검토하였다. 고분자용액의 수면전개성은 고분자용액의 용매선정에 따른 표면장력, 점도의 변화와 고분자의 농도변화에 따라 영향을 받았다. 또한 수면온도가 증가함에 따라 전개성은 저하되었다. 수면전개 박막의 구조는 고분자농도가 증가할수록 치밀하였으며, 막의 응집상태는 공기면측과 수면측이 다르게 나타나 공기면측의 상태가 다소 치밀하였다. 또한 수면의 온도가 증가할수록 막의 구조는 더 치밀함을 보였다. 혼합박막의 구조는 공기면측에 소수성의 PS가, 수면측에 는 친수성인 PVC가 배향된 직렬혼합구조였으며, 한편 3 wt%의 CA 용액으로부터 0.1㎛의 두께를 갖는 박막을 얻었다. The ultrathin membranes of Cellulose Acetate,Polyvinylchloride and Polystyrene were prepared by the method of water -casting. The spreading ability of polymer solutions on water was decreased with increasing the surface tention and the viscosity of polymer solutions, and the temperature of water surface, respectively. The aggregation states of water -casting membranes were more dense as increasing the concentration of polymer solutions and the temperature of water surface. The surface structure of the air sides showed more dense than that of the water sides. The structure of polyblend laminated membranes showed series model, where PS rich phase was formed at air side and PVC rich phase was at water side. In the case of the 3 wt% Cellulose Acetate /Acetone system, the thickness of the membrane was about 0.1㎛.
남궁평,이병진,변종석 成均館大學校 韓國産業硏究所 2001 韓國經濟 Vol.28 No.-
We proposed a design for a system through which we can learn about sampling concept and parameters estimation on the Internet environment. Using this system, anyone with client computer can easily learn sampling method, computation. Sampling Learning Web Expert System is implemented by Java script, Visual basic 6.0 and dynamic HTML.
南勝義,金聖培,金錫胤 弘益大學校 1982 弘大論叢 Vol.14 No.2
A study has been performed on the mechanical properties and the micro-structure of the welded zone in the high tensile steel produced in Korea. The experimental results indicated that the tensile strength and the hardness were increased in welded zone. The micro-structure of the welded zone was finer than that of the base metal. It may be considered that the increase of the mechanical properties is due to the chemical composition of electrode being different from the base metal and to the structure getting finer through the course of solidification.