지역사회민간단체의 리더십활성화를 통한 사회자본극대화 방안

김남선,원용숙 한국국제지역사회개발학회 2002 地域社會開發學術誌 Vol.12 No.2

This study aims at analyzing the leadership-types that have been affecting the social capital of community organization. The methods for this study are literatures review and survey to community organizations in Daegu-city and Kyungpook. The questionnaires are sent to 426 leaders who are community organization leaders, 35.%(150) of the total returned the questionnaire. The statistical methods used for the data were frequency, percentile, and regression. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows: 1) Direction for improving the social capital of community organization aspect of respondent's personal characteristic ; (1)female members' rate of community organization should be more high. (2)leader's age is to be over fifty, and educational background of high school is resonable. (3)the leader's religious is buddhism, the leaders of community organization should take the adult education program that related to leadership. 2) Resonable leadership- types to improve the social capital of community organization as follow; (1)reformative leadership is more important than trading leadership for affecting positively the social capital of community organization. (2)the authoritative leadership of reformative leadership-types is the most important than anyone else. (3)the condition-reward leadership of trading leadership types is affecting positively the social capital of community organization. And the authoritative leadership is needed for increasing the social capital of community organizations in Daegucity and Kyungpook.

리더십과 지역사회조직의 사회자본

김남선,김은영 한국국제지역사회개발학회 2002 地域社會開發學術誌 Vol.12 No.2

The objective of this study is on community organizations that are leading community development in community level. The major point in this study is to understand how the leadership of the community organization is related to the social capital of the organization The method for this study is based on literature review. The community organization is various according to the foundation purpose. The community organization is a voluntary one which community people make for improving the community they have been living. Cooperatively spontaneous effort and involvement of inhabitants are desired to make the voluntary organization activate. There are leadership, communication, member s numbers, and norm of the community organization in the variables relating to the community organization more active. Such variable has each characteristic. Leadership in community organization means the characteristics that only a few members have. The leadership plays important function in gathering the members of the community organization. The social capital of the community organization means the cooperation degree among the members of the community organization. Therefore, the leadership in the community organization is definitely influencing to increase the social capital of the community organization. The pattern of leadership leading the members in the community organization is very important for making the community organization more active. The leadership patterns in traditional concepts are authority leadership, laissez leadership, and democratic leadership, but there are reform leadership and transactional leadership which are a integrated pattern with traditional leadership. To increase the social capital of the community organization is to need the various characteristics according to in what the community organization is. It is difficult to enlarge the social capital of the community organization by only fixed leadership. It is necessary to relate with the structure characteristics of leadership in the community organization for increasing the social capital of community organization.

지역사회개발의 일반내용과 새마을운동과의 관계분석

김남선 한국국제지역사회개발학회 1999 地域社會開發學術誌 Vol.9 No.2

The relationship between community development and Saemaul Undong is as follow; the community development is based on theory more than Saemaul Undong. The theory of community development have been supporting Saemaul Undong going more actively while the Saemaul Undong was doing. The relationship between community development and Saemaul Undong is in detail as follows; First, the academic background between the two looks like with each other, the academics of community development is categorized as a applied social science among comprehensive applied sciences, Saemaul Undong is an active movement based on a behavior science to improve the village, therefore Saemaul Undong has been doing as one of applied social science. Second, the idea of the two is very like with each other, the moto of Saemaul Undong is "let's all have a good life", and behavior characteristics of Saemaul Undong are diligence, self-help, and cooperation, which are like human equality, community, and democratic practice that Saemaul Undong is suggesting. Third, the basic characteristic of the two is closed with each other, the basic characteristics of community development are educational process, organizational process, active process and balanced social development. While Saemaul Undong have been doing, Saemaul Undong Center have been providing a lot of educational programs for Samaul leaders, and the leaders are tightly organized at the national level, they have been exchanging much new information that is necessary to do Saemaul Undong effectively. Forth, The goal of the two looks like, the goal of community development is human and physical development, and that of Saemaul Undong is to make the life quality level of people at village higher than before through developing the human and physical resources at village based on a strong will "we can live well". The relationship between community development and Saemaul Undong is very high from the above content, therefore it is called Samaul Undong is "Korean Model of Community Development"

農村開發을 위한 農村文化 育成方案에 관한 硏究

金南宣 동국대학교 지역개발대학원 1991 開發論叢 Vol.1 No.-

The rural culture is culture associated with rural area, but it is not spread in space simply. theat os, Local culture(rural culture) is culture that is connected with inhabitant's life. This culture integrates inhabitants' conscience, it patterns the cicle of their life. Local culture is various spacially because it has dissimilar characteristics by history and environment of local Local culture will strengthen the cohesion of inhabitants when local culture integrates the energy of people. The cohesion encourages inhabitants to have the desired consciousness about community. This is one of the biggest power related to community development, and developing rural culture is to make the basic power for rural development. Korea has many variables that interference development of local culture, and local culture are underdeveloped today. To solve these problems, the major finding of this study were as follows. (1) Local culture is not to be the instrument of governmental power. (2) Culture agents are to be trained. (3) The spacial concepts of culture must be changed. (4) The specific local culture must be developed. (5) The exchange of culture among communities must be magnified. (6) The adult education and mass-media of local should be used actively

평생교육을 통한 지역사회복지 향상방안

김남선 대구대학교 사회복지연구소 2002 社會福祉硏究 Vol.23 No.-

이 논문의 목적은 ① 지역 사회에 있어서 사회복지가 의미하는 바를 모색하고 ② 평생교육의 중요성을 탐구하며 ③ 사회복지와 평생교육과의 관계를 해명하고 ④ 대구·경북 지역에서 사회복지를 위한 성인교육의 센터들의 상황을 조사하는 것이다. 이 연구를 통하여 도출된 중요한 것들은 다음과 같다. ; 성인 학습자들은 ① 친구를 통하여 성인교육에 대한 정보를 얻고 있으며, ② 교양을 증진하기 위하여 성인교육 프로그램에 참여하고, ③ 경험에 근거한 교육방법을 선호하며 ④ 대중교통으로 버스를 주로 이용하고 ⑤ 교육료에 대해서는 높이 만족하며 ⑥ 교육시설에 대해서도 크게 만족하고 있다. The objectives of this study are 1) to find what social welfare means in community level, 2) to investigate what lifelong education is emphasizing on, 3) to find out relationship between social welfare and lifelong education, 4) to survey the current situations of Centers of Adult Education for social welfare in Taegu and Kyungbook area. The important findings from this study are the following ; ‘Adult learners’ are 1) knowing informations about adult education by their friends, 2) participating in adult education programs for improving their cultivation, 3) preferring educational methods based on experiences, 4) using public bus by traffic, 5) being in high satisfaction about educational fee, 6) being in high satisfaction to educational facilities

구리, 니켈과 코발트를 함유한 황산용액으로부터 LIX84에 의한 구리의 용매추출

박경호,남철우,신선명 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.3

The solvent extraction of copper by LIX84 in kerosene was investigated to separate and recover copper from solution containing copper, nickel and cobalt leached from matte, intermediate product of manganese nodules. Copper, nickel and cobalt concentrations in synthetic solution were 12 g/ℓ, 15 g/ℓ and 2 g/ℓ respectively, and pH was 4.0, which is similar to those of real leaching solution. The effects of time, pH, extractant concentration and temperature on extraction ratio were investigated and scrubbing and stripping conditions are also tested. The extraction efficiencies of copper, nickel and cobalt were respectively 78.2%, 2.5% and 0.0% with 30% LIX84, O/A 1.0 and equilibrium pH of 1.09, and were increased to 98.9%, 12.3% and 9.5% with controlling equilibrium pH to 2.1. The McCabe Thiele diagram predicts that at an O/A ratio of 1, pH 1.15 with 30% LIX84, three stages are needed to extract the copper concentration from 12.0 g/ℓ in the feed solution to 0.2 g/ℓ in the raffinate, with a copper extraction of over 98%. On the other hand, two stages are required to strip over 95% copper from the solvent (12.0 g/ℓCu) at O/A ratio of 2 with 180 g/ℓH₂SO₄. Nickel (0/46 g/ℓ) in the solvent could be scrubbed at A/O ratio of 1 with 2.0 g/ℓ H₂SO₄.

신조류 이론에 근거한 리더십(Leadership) 측정에 관한 고찰 : 변혁적·거래적 리더십 중심으로 Focused on transformational and transactional leadership

김은영,김남선 한국국제지역사회개발학회 2002 地域社會開發學術誌 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to set related variables for leadership measurement in the leader of a community organization as an effort to Community development constantly. Therefore, in this study, first, various theories on leadership were reviewed. Second, approaches and variable relationships were reviewed by leadership theory study. Third, leadership measurement variables were set based on Bass's theory, one of new trend theory, to measure the leadership of Transformational the community organization leader. As a follow up, clear and scientific analysis, through empirical analysis, based on the variables set in this study will be made to measure leadership of a community organization after creating investigation tools based on the variables set in this study. A literature study was mainly used. Human Behavior by Dr. Han-geom Lee, 'Leadership Theory' by Eung-seop Shin, many other related books, articles of the Human Relation Organization Association, and theses and Bass s writings. Major findings of this study, through the literature study, were as follows. As conventional leadership theories, characteristics theory, behavior theory and situational leadership theory were proposed. First, characteristics theory searches the characteristics of an effective leader. It proposes that effective leaders and ineffective leaders have different characteristics, respectively. Therefore, it proposes to study the leader's characteristics. However, there is not a fixed definition for leader's characteristics. Scholars make different definition on leader s characteristics, and they are very subjective. Thus it cannot be a valid theory. Second, behavior theory describes how the leader behaves to his fellows. It studies leader's behavior focusing on what type and what combination is the most effective in all situations. However, it has weakness in that it focuses on a leader s behavior only, and ignores the situational features. Third, situational theory describes the relationship between leadership type and situation. It suggests that there is not a single leadership style that can suit all situations. It emphasizes the relationship between leadership type and situation. Although situational theory considers more variables than characteristics theory or behavior theory, it also sees situations as static and fixed. Although Fiedler's theory tried to comply with situations, he did not analyze interactions between a leader and his fellows. New trend leadership theory, charismatic leadership, Transformational leadership and transactional leadership were proposed. Charismatic leadership develops its theory, as the leader with charismatic effects will be differentiated from general leaders. transformational leadership identifies the relationship between the leader and members of the organization. It proposes the leadership that will innovate the values of the fellows or the order of the organization. To make a simple definition, Bass s Transformational leadership is to develop, stimulate and consider the members so that they can overcome their personal interests for a higher goal, calling and vision of the group. He proposed that an transformational leader could make better achievement than expected through following 3 methods. First, an transformational leader will enhance the understanding on expected importance to their followers. Second, he induces his followers to overcome their personal interests for the goal of the group. Third, he changes the need level of his juniors. Especially, charisma encouraged by the leader penetrates faith in a better future to his fellows. Charisma emphasizes internal reward rather than external reward related to the expectation of the juniors. Although it may a more concrete and realistic theory than those three conventional theories mentioned above, more studies on reactions to environment or change are expected. Related variables based on new trend theory are as follows. To measure transformational leadership and transactional leadership, general characteristics of members and their boss in the organization such as demographic features including gender, age, average income, gender of the senior and age of the senior were used. To measure transformational leadership, vision provision from charisma, self respect, respect, viewpoints in problem solving from intellectual stimulus, capability to propose various angles on problems, training time in individual consideration, consideration on personal situations were proposed as measurement variables. To measure transactional leadership, reward according to support in conditional reward system, reward according to task, provision of profit in achieving the goal, leader s concentration on mistakes in proactive exception management, fast decision making, business principles of the senior, interference when problem arise in passive exception management, corrective actions after mistakes of juniors, and chronic presence of difficult problems were shown as measurement related variables. Therefore, development of an organization according to the leadership of a leader in community organization can be measured through empirical analysis, based on this study.

니켈과 코발트를 함유한 황산용액으로부터 Cyanex 272에 의한 코발트의 용매추출

박경호,정선희,남철우,신선명,김동수 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.11

The solvent extraction to separate and recover cobalt and nickel from sulfuric acid solution was studied using Cyanex 272 in kerosene. The solution processed was equivalent to that expected from leaching of a matte, intermediate product of manganese nodules. The extraction of both metals increased with increasing equilibrium pH and extractant concentration. However, cobalt was preferentially extracted over nickel. The extraction efficiencies of cobalt and nickel were 80% and 1.9% respectively with 0.2M Cyanex and O/A of 1 at equilibrium pH 5.0. The separation factor of Co/Ni increased with raising the extraction temperature (205 at 20℃, and at 441 at 50℃). The saponification of Cynanex 272 increased the extraction of cobalt due to the increase of equilibrium pH. Nickel (0.40 g/l) loaded in an organic phase could be scrubbed with a solution containing 10 g/l Co at equilibrium pH of 6.0. The stage numbers and cobalt recoveries in extraction and stripping processes required for the counter current operations are predicted using the equilibrium isotherm plots. (Received May 19, 2004)

사회교육학습자의 삶의 질에 관한 연구 : 대구·경북을 중심

원용숙,김남선 한국국제지역사회개발학회 2002 地域社會開發學術誌 Vol.12 No.1

The objectives of this study are the following; 1) to find what backgrounds the learners in Adult Education are, such as sex, age, marriage, etc, 2) to survey what programs the learners are participating in, 3) to investigate what programs the learners are in expresing their satisfaction at Adult Education, 4) to know how the contents of Adult Education have been affecting the quality of life of learners, 5) to find what organizations that are providing Adult Education programs are affecting the quality of life of learners in Taegu and Kyungpook area. The major findings from this study are; first, most of the learners in Adult Education Organizations with whom we interviewed are satisfacting at their participation in them, second, the contents of Adult Education that interviewees are participating have been positively affecting the quality of life of learners, the contents of Adult Education are positively affecting the home- life, social life, economic life and getting the life-information. Adult education is focusing on making the higher quality of life of learners themselves by participating in Adult Education Programs, therefore the significance between the quality of life and Adult Education program is very closed with each other, and the high quality of life will have made a good community-welfare in future.

K-WAIS에 나타나는 유동적 지능과 결정적 지능의 발달 경향에 관한 연구

송현옥,박아청,김남선 한국성인교육학회 2008 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study was to measure how the intelligence of the adult is developing in proportion to their sex, schoolwork, standard of living as they grow old. Both Gf and Gc has been conducted by means of K-WAIS, and then Gf (done) by Perfonnance Scale, Gc by Verbal one respectively. This study collected the data from 280 persons in total, and which was classified into age-groups(i.e; from 20 to 24, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to &1, 55 to 64) according to the intelligence Scale developed by Wechsler's intelligence Scale, and also analyzed accordingly. The results of this study are as follows; First, there has been a significant difference between Gc and Gf(at the adult period)in proportion to their ages. Second, Gc and Gf have not statistically significant in proportion to their sex. Third, Gf and Gc with the schoolwork at the later-adult pehod has been as higher significantly in comparison with that at an early period in proportion to their academic background and ages. Fourth, in comparison of Gf and Gc between the higher standard of living and that of the lower one, the former has been higher significantly than the latter. 본 연구는 성인의 지능이 연령이 증가하면서, 성별, 학업별, 경제적 수준별에 따라서 어떻게 발달하는가를 K-WAIS측정도구로 유동적 지능(Gf)과 결정적 지능(Gc)을 측정하였다. Gf검사는 K-WAIS의 동작성 검사(Performance Scale)로, Gc검사는 K-WAIS의 언어성검사(Verbal Scale)로 측정하였고, 연구의 대상은 웩슬러(Wechsler)는 지능검사(Intelligence Scale)의 연령별 분류 기준인 20∼24세, 25∼34세, 35∼44세, 45∼54세, 55∼64세의 5개 그룹으로 나누어 총 280명을 대상으로 성인지능 발달 경향을 분석하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령이 증가함에 따라 성인기의 Gf, Gc는 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 성별에 따른 Gf, Gc는 통계적으로 유의미하지 않았다. 셋째, 학업에 따른 Gf, Gc의 성인 초기와 성인후기의 발달경향은 Gf, Gc 모두 성인후기가 유의미하게 높았다. 넷째, 경제적 수준이 높은 집단과 낮은 집단이 Gf, Gc는 경제적수준이 높은 집단이 낮은 집단보다 유의미하게 높았다.