최근 6년간 시행한 매독혈청검사 성적

임이석,김명남,홍창권,노병인,장진요,박애자 중앙대부설한국의과학연구소 1988 한국의과학 Vol.20 No.1

현상학적 질적연구의 몇 가지 측면에 대한 해명

이남인(Nam In Lee) 철학연구회 2015 哲學硏究 Vol.0 No.109

This paper is a reply to the questions that Seung-Ho Lee has raised in his review article on Phenomenology and Qualitative Research (by Nam-In Lee, Paju: Hangilsa, 2014). The aim of this paper is to clarify some important issues of the phenomenological qualitative research by responding to the questions raised by him. In chapter 1, I will summarize the questions raised by him in his review article. His questions are as follows: What is the unitary component common to various kinds of phenomenology? What is the unitary component common to all kinds of lived-experience as the object of the phenomenological research on the lived-experience? What is the unitary component common to all kinds of phenomenological research on the lived experience or all kinds of phenomenological qualitative research? What is the relation between intentionality and the phenomenological research on the lived experience? What is the relation between causality and the phenomenological qualitative research? What is the role of mathematics for the quantitative research. Thereafter I will attempt to reply to his questions. In chapter 2, I will show that the unitary component common to all kinds of phenomenology consists in striving to become a rigorous science. In chapter 3, I will show that phenomenological research on the lived-experience is a sub-field of the phenomenological qualitative research that is again a sub-field of phenomenology. In chapter 4, I will indicate that the unitary component common to all kinds of the lived-experience is defined as all qualitative. In chapter 5, I will show that the unitary component common to all kinds of phenomenological research on the lived experience consists in the fact that they all strive to clarify the intentionality. In chapter 6, I will show that the qualitative causality, not the natural causality, is the object of phenomenological qualitative research. In chapter 7, I will clarify how mathematics understood as a qualitative science could serve as the means of the qualitative research.

제초제 2,4-D가 흰쥐 소장 점액질에 미치는 영향에 관한 조직화학적 연구

신인성,정길남,조운복 부산대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 2007 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.34 No.-

제초제인 2,4-D가 십이지장샘, 십이지장, 회장 및 공장 술잔세포내 점액질에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여, 성숙한 흰쥐에 제초제 2,4-D 액제를 경구적으로 투여하며 중독시킨 후 3시간군, 6시간군, 12시간군, 24시간군, 48시간군, 72시간군, 96시간군 및 120시간군 별로 나누어 점액샘 및 술잔세포내 점액질 성상을 alcian blue pH 2.5 염색법, alcian blue pH 1.0 염색법, PAS 염색법, alcian blue pH 2PAS 염색법, alcian blue pH 1.0-PAS 염색법 및 aldehyde fuchsin pH 1.7-alcian blue pH 2.5 염색법으로 검색하여 관찰하였다. 십이지장샘내 중성점액질 양은 농약투여 후 12시간군부터 96시간군까지 현저한 감소를 보였으며, 감소된 중성점액질 양은 농약투여 후 120시간군에서 회복되었다. 농약투여 후 소장 술잔세포내 점액질 감량은 음모상부 및 은와저부 쪽에서 더 심하였고, 산성점액질의 감량이 중성점액질의 감량보다 매우 더 심하였고, 회복도 산성점액질보다는 중성점액질쪽에서 더 빨랐다. 장기별로는 십이지장 술잔세포가 제일 심한 영향을 받았고, 다음 공장 배상세포이었으나 회장에서는 현저하지 않았다. 소장에 있어서 산성점액질의 가장 현저한 감소는 십이지장에서 농약투여 추 12시간군, 24시간군 및 48시간군 또는 공장에서 농약투여 후 24시간군과 48시간군이었으며 현저한 감소는 십이지장에서 농약투여 추 3시간군과 6시간군, 공장에서 농약투여 후 12시간군 그리고 다소 현저한 감소는 회장에서 농약투여 후 12시간군, 24시간군, 48시간군 및 72시간군이었다. 감소된 산성점액질 양은 십이지장 및 공장에서 농약투여 후 72시간군 또는 회장에서 농약투여 후 96시간군에서 점차적으로 회복되는 경향을 나타내었다. 중성점액질 양의 감소는 십이지장에서만 농약투여 후 12시간군, 24시간군 및 48시간군에서 현저한 감소를 나타내었으나 공장 및 회장에서는 중성점액질의 감소가 현저하지 않았으며, 감소된 중성점액질 양은 농약 투여 후 십이지장 및 공장에서 72시간군 또는 회장에서 96시간군에서 점차 회복되는 경향을 나타내었다. 소장융모 및 은와내 강 sulfated mucin을 분비하는 술잔세포와 sialomucin을 분비하는 배상세포가 농약투여 후 다같이 그 염색성이 감희되었고, 전자가 후자보다 더 심한 영향을 받았으며 회복되는 경향도 늦었다. 특히 공장에서는 sialomucin을 분비하는 술잔세포가 농약투여 후 12시간군, 24시간군 및 48시간군에서 증가되는 경향을 나타내었다. This experiment was performed to observe the effect of herbicide, 2,4-D, on the production, secretion and histochemical properties of the mucosubstances of the duodenal glands and goblet cells in the small intestine. Healthy adult rats weighing about 250~300g were divided into two groups normal and experimental. Each animal of experimental groups was administrated 2,4-D (187.5mg/kg) orally and sacrificed in 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after 2,4-D administration. The mucous glands and the goblet cells of the small intestine were stained with alcian blue(AB) PH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0-PAS and aldehyde fuchsin AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5. The obtained results were as follows : Marked diminution of neutral mucosubstances in the duodenal glands was noted up from 12 hours to 96 hours, and recovered gradually from 120 hours after 2,4-D administration. Decrease of both acid and neutral mucosubstances was noted to be considerable in the goblet cells of the small intestine after 2,4-D administration, especially of the upper willi and the basal regions of the crypts, and add mucins became more markedly diminished than neutral ones, while neutral mucins more strikingly recovered than add ones. In comparison with organs, e goblet cells of duodenum seemed to be most strikinly affected, next those of the ileum, but those of jejunum not affected markedly. The most remarkable decrease of acid mucosubstances was observed in the duodenum 12, 24 and 48 hours, in the jejunum 24 and 48 hours. Remarkable decrease of those observed in the duodenum 3 and 6 hours, in the jejunum 12 hours. Slight decrease of those observed in the ileum 12, 24,m 48 and 72 hours after 2,4-D administration. the decreased amount of acid mucins tended to be gradually recovered in the duodenum and jejunum 72 hours, in the ileum 96 hours after 2,4-D administration. The amount of neutral mucins was markedly diminished only in the duodenum 12, 24 and 48 hours after the administration, but neutral mucins was not diminished in the jejunum and ileum. The decreased amount of neutral mucins tended to be gradually recovered in the duodenum and jejumin 72 hours and in the ileum 96 hours after the administration. Stainability of the goblet cells with strong sulfated mucins and with sialomucins both in the intestinal villi and crypts was generally decreased after the administration. However, the former was more markedly affected than the latter. The tendency of recover appeared to be slow, especially the goblet cells with sialomucins in the jejunum 12, 24 and 48 hours tended to be increased after the administration.

Skin Safety of the UV Absorbers by Measurement Cytotoxicity High Functional Product with Water-In-Silicone System

( Kim In-young ),( Kim Min-ho ),( Nam Sang-in ),( Chun Kil Whan ) 대한화장품학회 1997 대한화장품학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Consumers have recently preferred to purchase extensive UV intercepting products, which are waterproof and free from side effects on skin. Testing Cytotoxicity (in-vitro) in SK method, cell survival ratio of UV-B interceptors decreased above 0.08W/V%, and so did that of UV-A interceptors above 0.06W/V%. Also, Patch-test of inorganic UV interceptors resulted in no skin irritation ever below 10.0 and 11.25. UV interceptors in the sunlight showed yellowish discoloration in 5 to 14 days. In absorption curves, UV-B was most suitable for Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) and UV-A for Butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane (BMDM). For this reason, Nylonpoly UVA/UVB the material of OMC and BMDM coated with Nylon & polyethylene, was used as the organic UV interceptor. And zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO,) was used as inorganic UV interceptors. The appropriate mixture ratio of ZnO and TiO, was 6 to 4. 6% of ZnO, 4% of TiO, and 5% of Nylonpoly UVA/UVB were all combined with our sunscreen cream. The SPF value of in-vivo applied to a guinea pig was 34.9 and that of in-vivo was 38.5. Cyclomerhicone and dimethicone were used in water-in-Silicone system. Ceryl dimethi-cone and sorbitan sesquiolente were used as emulsifiers and MgSO, · 7 H₂O, Mg-stearate/Mg-Al-stearate copolymer as emulsification stabilizers. In practical application, each SPF duration of O/’W type and W/S type containing sunscreen cream of the same content showed that W/S type of sunscreen cream was 5 times as durable as the other. This product is fit for using in swimming, climbing or skiing. This research is to minimize skin trouble caused by UV interceptors and to make one with proper softness, skin safety and UV intercepting efficiency.

척약재(척若齋) 김구용(金九容)의 생애와 교유 양상

남인국 ( In Guk Nam ) 역사교육학회 2014 역사교육논집 Vol.53 No.-

Kim Gu-yong (Cheokyangjae; pen name) was a great-great grandson of Kim Bang-gyeong, the Duke of Chungryeol, of the Andong Kim clan. His family belonged to fifteen aristocratic lineages of the “chancellery” announced in November 1308 and forged marital relations with these families. Since the reign of King Chungryeol, Kim studied Neo-Confucianism and passed the civil service examination (gwageo) in 1355. Appointed to an instructor at Seonggyungwan (National Confucian Academy), he contributed to the raising of the future Neo-Confucian literati. His life is presented as a chronological record in the text. and his political activity may be divided into two parts (that in the reign of King Gongmin and that in the reign of King U). In the reign of King Gongmin, he shared same political positions with the people with whom he kept company through Neo-Confucianism and the civil service examinations. Unlike his younger brother Kim Jae-an, however, he did not participate in the conspiracy to eliminate Sin Don. Also, unlike Jeong Gu and Yi Jon-o, he did not blame Sin Don. Despite his younger brother`s death, he continued to serve in the officialdom while Sin Don held the reins of power, which demonstrates that he took a moderate course in the contemporary political affairs. Other instructors at Seonggyungwan such as Jeong Mong-ju, Jeong Do-jeon, Bak Sang-chung, and Bak Ui-jung are said to take the same position. In August 1372, he was dispatched to the Ming as a secretary of Seong Won-gyu, the Goryeo envoy to the Chinese empire. From the first reign year of King U, Kim Gu-yong participated actively in political affairs, holding firm to his convictions. The beginning was his opposition to the rehabilitation of Goryeo`s relationship with the Northern Yuan which the Yi In-im regime pursued. The Northern Yuan was expelled from China proper by the newly rising Ming empire. Together with other colleagues, he was purged from the government and retired into Yeoheung, Gyeonggi province, until he was reinstated as jwasaui daebu in the bureaucracy. Although he headed the Seonggyungwan after his reinstatement, he was not a remarkable political figure in the government any longer. In January 1384, as Goryeo`s envoy to the Ming, he was dispatched to the Chinese empire that had declined the Korean kingdom`s paying tribute to it. At the time, the Ming had doubts that Goryeo might spy on it and continue to maintain its relationship with the Northern Yuan. He died of illness on his way to the place of exile in southern China by the order of Ming Taizu because of the “subject`s private friendship” and more probably Goryeo`s not sending 5,000 horses as tributes. After his death, the problem of sending horses to the Ming still remained a pending issue between Goryeo and the Chinese empire. Because Goryeo did not send all of the 5,000 horses, its envoys to the Ming were often detained in China and later returned to the Korean kingdom. The fact that only Kim Gu-yong was severely punished demonstrates that the very time when he was dispatched to the Ming meant a climax in conflict between the two countries. Kim Gu-yong enjoyed the companionship with the people who passed the civil service examination in the same year when Kim did, served as instructors at the Seonggyungwan with him, and shared the same political line in the political incident of the first reign year of King U. Some people did not keep company with him, which suggests that at the time there existed similar difference as that between today`s classmates and friends. Most of the people with whom Kim enjoyed the companionship were those who were ten years older or younger than he. This demonstrates that along with political lines, age was also the standard of his companionship. It is open to question that his anthology did not include any mention on his nine brothers-in-law among those who were related to him through familial and marital ties. This is left as an unsolved question for the future.

한국사회에서의 도서와 육지간의 접합에 관한 연구 : 제주도의 경우 A Case of Cheju Island

유철인,고남욱,고창훈 제주대학교 1986 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

Recent introduction of citrus cultivation causes the growth of Cheju regional economy with the inflow of external captial under the influnce of external market. These processes result in the Cheju regional economy dependent upon the national economy. Since the advent of large-scale tourism often necessitates the transfer of local control to a central government, Cheju society as a touristic place is more dependent on national society with the national development projects on Cheju island. These tourism and citrus cultivation cause rapid urbanization, more access to education, more exposure to mass communication, and the increase in the mobility of both of Cheju islander and mainlander, As a result, Cheju culture becomes more assimilated into mainland or national culture. We call these recent phenomana the social articulation between Cheju island and mainland as a larger society. The term articulation is the congruence or working together of differrent strata or different levels such as the articulation of modes of producction. Paticularly, as used in this paper, it describes the process by which the local island society becomas in corporated more fully into the larger society. This paper examines (1) the phenomena social articulation between Cheju island and mainland in terms of regional economy and policies, (2) the response of community to this articulation, and (3) its impacts on the development of Cheju island and the prospects of desirable relationship between local island society and the center. First of all, Cheju industry structure consists of 34.9% in the primary, .3% in the secondary, and 60.8% in the itertiary industry,in terms of vaules added as of 1981, while in 1971 the primary industry dominant. Employments by industry In Cheju region as of 1981 consist of 71.7% in the primary, 3.2% in the secondary, and 25.1% in the tertiary industry. Cheju regional economy is articulated with national economy because of citrus cultivation and products of fishery under influendces of domestic and foreign markets as well as a tourism industry as a leading industry for regional development. People in Cheju island feel the state of alination with these overwhelming changes, which is followed by outsider's speculation on land, the leakage of benefits resulted from outside capital investment, and the evnvironmental pollution. These phenomena may be discovered in the transformation from the closed socioeconomic system to the open socioeconomic system. Seocond, the articulating process of structual dependency of political, economic, and social fields is reavealed concretely in the process of formulation, making, and implementation of polities. The philosopical foundation of policy is not the philosophy of Small-is-beautiful, but the philosophy of Big-is-good. And the goal of policy is sought out without conscideration of the basic problems such as openess and closedness, national-oriented and international-oriented development and conservation, and active participation and passive alination of islanders. We learn that the formulation, content, and implemantation by national elites affected by not the volition of residents in Cheju-Do, but the vested interest of large firms and international capital investment. Its effects are expressed in terms of the alination, the powerlessness, and the suffering of Cheju islanders. Third, under the vast process of acculturation, these overwhelming waves of change do stimulate the Cheju society as a so-called periphery in acquiring a consciousness of the degree of exploitation it is subjected to. As an adaptive action, Cheju cultural identity is maintained and/or invented with the emphasis on its own traditional spirits, which may be considered as the revitalization movements in Cheju culture. Ambivalance toward mainland as an outer world is expressed in everyday life in Cheju society. Ambivalance toward an outer world is thought to be discovered in any society articulated with and dependent upon the lager society. Cheju islanders also miss tat Cheju culture becomes more assimilated into mainland or national culture. We consider the social articulation of Cheju island and mainland amid historical context of the contacts with mainland as sociocultural forces which operate to create Cheju cultural identity. The aura of Cheju cultural identity and traditionalism is one of the devices which insures the continuance of boundaries between Cheju islander and non-islander (mainlander) within a tourism and the migration of mainlanders, Cheju islanders' perception of what mainlanders think about Cheju islanders operates to create the meaning and content of their cultural identity is maintained may consist of the contacts with mainlandsers and the formation of an image on them. We concluded that the articulation must be transformed from total dependency into the equity through the structual autonomy, changes in policies, and cultural autonomy This means the balance of everyday ilife in an island and a mainland, and further, in the center and peripheries. Alternatives for this desirable articulation are as follows. First of all, the decentralized and autonomous political-administrative structure, the active and intensive regional economy, and social cultural development focused on community must become to be interrelated in order to be an intergrated development from within. Secondly, the development policies must be fundamentally changed in terms of basic philosophy, content, and implempentation. Lastly, the cultural diversity is to be fully appreciated, based on the understanding of local cultures or subcultures.

2009년 인플루엔자 대유행 중 인플루엔자 진료소 방문자의 연령 분포 변화

김백남,곽이경,문치숙,김연숙,김의석,배인규,염준섭,이창섭,허지안 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.2

The pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) virus, after being introduced in Korea in April, 2009, spread rapidly nationwide in mid-2009. This study was conducted to characterize trend in age distribution of visitors to Flu-clinics during the pandemic. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of visitors to flu clinic from Week 36 to 52 (August 30 to December 26) of 2009 were retrieved and collected from electronic databases at 9 hospitals. Visitors 0-6, 7-12, 13-18, 19-29, 30-64, and 65 years or more of age were classified into group I to VI, respectively. A total of 107,467 visitors were seen at Flu-clinics for a 17-week study period. Of those, 32,485 were laboratory-confirmed. Antivirals were prescribed for 62,533 visitors. Numbers of visits, prescriptions of antivirals, and laboratory-confirmed cases of the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) peaked at Week 44. A large number of visits by group II and III were followed by those of group I and V, especially around the peak. Numbers of visits by group VI were lowest in all hospitals. In some hospitals, higher number of visits lasted longer in children than in adults while vice versa in other hospitals depending on the location. In summary, the pandemic influenza (H1N1 2009) was presumed to peak in late October and involved majorly children and students in Korea. Unique age distribution of visitors to flu clinic was observed in some hospitals.

수술실 손 소독제의 종류에 따른 균주 수의 변화

홍성윤,김정민,김소영,이수정,오은실,양서인,김화실,김남초 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The present study purposed to compare the hand washing effect of 7.5% powidone-iodine, which is used in the operation room of C university hospital in Seoul, with that of Ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture recommended by the US Association of Operating Room Nurses (2002) and to adopt a more effective hand disinfectant. Method: In a quasi-experimental design, 48 medical staff who participated in operations during the period from November 2004 to February 2005 had hand washing using the two kinds of hand disinfectants: 7.5% povidone-iodine and the ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture. Their palms were swabbed and cultured just after hand washing and again after taking dff sterile gloves after the operation. The number of colonies from the two occasions were counted and compared. Result: The number of general bacillus increased significantly in the group using 7.5% povidone-iodine compared to that in the group using the ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture. The number of general bacillus increased signficantly in doctors compared to that in nurses. The factors affecting the increase of the number of general bacillus were disinfectants and medical personnel. The number of general bacillus was expected to increase 9.41 times with 7.5% povidone-iodine than with the ethyl alcohol-CHG mixture and 14.87 times in doctors than in nurses. Conclusion: This study shows that the ethyl alcogol-CHG mixture has a stronger hand disinfection effect than 7.5% povidone iodine. Thus we need to change the hand disinfectant used in operating rooms as soon as possible in order to minimize the infection of wounds resulting from operations.

공군사관생도의 심폐능력에 따른 심리 · 생리요인 비교

김인기(In-ki Kim),김건희(Gun-hee Kim),송성우(Sung-woo Song),최가람(Ga-ram Choi),엄장원(Jang-won Eom),곽재준(Jae-jun Kwak),유영남(Young-nam You),정덕화(Deok-hwa Jeong),강지훈(Ji-hun Kang) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2019 한국군사학논집 Vol.75 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in psychological and physiological factors between groups by classifying groups based on the 3km running record of fourth grade Air Force Academy cadets. Among the top 46 Air Force Academy cadets who wanted to participate in the study, the study conducted an open survey of the top 13 and the bottom 15 who wanted to provide the data prior to the study. The subjects of the experiment and in-depth interview were studied by a total of 18 people, 9 of each upper and lower members who wished to participate in the study. Psychological factors were structured through inductive content analysis of data extracted from in-depth interviews, and physiological factors were conducted to verify differences between groups of body composition and cardiopulmonary function. The psychological factors of the upper and lower groups were found to be general areas of performance strategy, achievement motivation, emotional response, military spirit, situation perception, and basic physical strength. In the detailed areas, the subjects were also examined in 15 areas including physical fitness indicators, confidence, condition control, task orientation, and positive self-perception. As a result of comparison between upper and lower groups, the upper group was 2.2 times higher than the lower group and the lower group was 1.7 times higher than the upper group in the military spirit and performance strategy of the general area response rate. In general area response, the ratio of mental strength and confidence was different in the general area of military spirit. In addition, the upper group in the achievement motivation showed a high percentage of task tendency at 47%, while the lower group showed a high rate of zero motivation at 50%. In the emotional response, the upper group showed an equal ratio, while the lower group showed an 81% ratio of negative emotions. In the overall response by sub-region, the negative emotions of the subgroup were high at 28%. In the body composition, BFM showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and Weight, FFM, and SMM did not show any significant difference between groups. In cardiopulmonary capacity, VO2max showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and VE and LT did not show significant differences between groups.

Endoscopy and Imaging Modalities/Basic Science of Gastrointestinal Disorders/Miscellaneous : Changing Pattern Of Digestive And Liver Disease In Korea, 1990-2006 Year; A Single Center Study

( Jung Hyun Kwon ),( Sang Woo Kim ),( In Sik Chung ),( Myung Gyu Choi ),( Kwan Woo Nam ),( Jung Pil Suh ),( Jae Hyuck Chang ),( Won Haing Hur ),( Yu Kyung Cho ),( Jae Myung Park ),( In Seok Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Westernization in many Asian countries have changed lifestyles and diets, so once rare diseases have now become prevalent. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing pattern of digestive and liver disease in Korea, from 1990 to 2006. Methods: We extracted data specific gastrointestina (GI) disease based on the International Classification of Diseases code from the in-patients records at the Kangnam St. Mary`s Hospital in 1990, 1996 and 2006. This hospital is a tertiary-care hospital in Seoul, Korea, which has a capacity of 800 beds. Results: The admission rate for GI disease increased between 1990 and 2006. Overall in-patients were 1,623 persons in 1990, 2,368 persons in 1996 and 4,166 persons in 2006. The mean age of in-patients increased as time went by. A stomach cancer was the most common diagnosis during all periods, but its prevalence has decreased. Colon cancer ranked the 7th in 1990, but markedly increased and now ranks the second. The third was a hepatocellular carcinoma. The bile duct and gallbladder cancer, pancreas and esophageal cancer ranking followed with little interval change. In cases of cancer patients, a regular admission dramatically increased for chemotherapy. The number of patients admitted with pre-malignant neoplasm of stomach and colon increased remarkably with the development of endoscopy. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel discase, and reflux esophagitis emerged form mid-1990s with greater frequencies, yet much below the levels found in the West. The admission rate for peptic ulcer, especially ulcer bleeding remained relatively stable, despite a decreased rate for ulcer perforation. Liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, cholelithiasis with cholecystitis-cholangitis, appendicitis, hemorrhoid and gastritis all decreased. Conclusions: The stomach cancer is the leading cause of admission, despite a recent decline. Colon cancer showed a marked rise. The liver transplant, inflammatory bowel disease and reflux esophagitis were new diagnosis with an increased tendency.