The Role of Service Level Agreements in Relational Management of Information Technology Outsourcing: An Empirical Study

Goo,,Kishore,,Rao,,Nam, JSTOR 2009 MIS Quarterly Vol.33 No.1

<P>This study extends the view that formal contracts and relational governance function as complements rather than as substitutes. We investigate how specific characteristics of service level agreements (SLAs) impact relational governance in information technology outsourcing relationships. Eleven contractual elements (categorized into three SLA characteristics: foundation, change, and governance characteristics) are hypothesized to act as complements of three relational governance attributes: relational norms, harmonious conflict resolution, and mutual dependence. Data for the study were collected through a survey of South Korean IT executives. Results of the study support the fundamental proposition of complementarity between formal contracts and relational governance, and indicate that well-structured SLAs have significant positive influence on the various aspects of relational governance in IT outsourcing relationships. However, the study also reveals that change characteristics of SLAs may act as a substitute for relational governance as these characteristics were found to dampen the level of trust and commitment through moderation effects. Overall, the findings support the proposition that well-developed SLAs not only provide a way to measure the service provider's performance, but also enable effective management of outsourcing engagements through the development of partnership-style relationships with high levels of trust and commitment.</P>

적응 GP-PID 제어기에 구현과 동조에 관한 연구

薛枏吾,李昌求,金聖中 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

In this paper, we presents a GP-PID(Generalized Predictive PID) controller which is equivalent to a generalized predictive control with steady-state weighting. This controller overcomes the shortcomings of conventional PID controller because it includes intrinsic delay-time compensator. The PID tuning parameters and delay-time compensator are calculated by equating the two degrees of freedom PID to a linear form of GPC. Also, the proposed controller is the combination of a GPC together with a supervisor for safely starting and self-tuning. The generalized predictive PID controller has been tested with models, and shows a good performance in the wide variety of systems including variable delay and stochastic disturbance.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 처리에 의한 국내산 소경재의 치수안정화에 관한 연구 Ⅱ : 환경재와 산공재의 비교 Comparison of Ring-Porous Wood and Diffuse-Porous Wood

권구중,권성민,김남훈 한국목재공학회 2003 목재공학 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 국내산 소경재의 보다 효율적인 이용을 위하여 PEG처리한 활엽수재의 환공재 4수종(신갈나무, 굴참나무, 물푸레나무, 오동나무)과 산공재 4수종(산벚나무, 물박달나무, 층층나무, 은사시나무)에 대한 치수안정성을 평가하였다. 수축률은 공시수종 모두 PEG처리에 의해 감소하는 효과가 있었고, 산공재가 환공재보다 낮았다. 중량증가율은 PEG농도의 증가에 따라 증가되었고, 산공재가 환공재보다 다소 높은 증가율을 보여주었다. 벌킹효과는 PEG농도의 증가에 따라 증가하였지만, 분자량이 클수록 감소하였고, 산공재가 환공재보다 벌킹효과가 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로, 산공재가 환공재보다 높은 치수안정성을 보여주었다. 따라서 PEG처리재의 치수안정효과는 목재의 구조(도관의 분포상태 및 타이로시스 존재유무)와 밀도에 크게 영향받는 것으로 생각되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the dimensional stability of wood treated with PEG for better utilization of domestic small-diameter logs. Four species of ring-porous wood(Quercus mongolica F_(ISCH), Quercus variabilis B-(LUME), Fraxinus rbynchopbhlla H_(ANCE), Paulownia coreana U_(YEKI),) and fore species of diffuse-porous wood(Prunus sargentii R-(EHDER), Betjal davurica P_(ALL), Populus tomentiglandulosa T. L_(EE), cornus controversa H_(EMSLEY)) were used for this experiment. The shrinkage of wood decreased with increasing the concentration of PEG. The shrinkage of diffuse- porous woods was lower than that of ring-porous woods. The weight gain increased in proportional to the PEG concentration. Diffuse-porous woods showed a little higher weight gain than ring-porous woods. Bulking effect also increased with increasing the PEG concentration, but was in inverse proportional to the molecular weight of PEG. Diffuse-porous woods showed higher bulking effect than ring-porous woods. Consequently, diffuse-porous woods showed better dimensional stability than ring porous woods. It was considered that dimensional stability was affected by characteristics of wood such as vessel and tylosis, and density.

GA를 이용한 자동동조 PID제어기의 설계에 관한 연구

薛相五,李唱求,金聖中 全北大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

In this paper, we present a simple auto-tuning PID controller using genetic algorithms. The basic idea of the scheme is to parameterize a Ziegler-Nicholas-like tuning formula by a single parameter α, then to use GA(Genetic Algorithm) to select optimal tuning parameter. Also, simple rule mechanisms make the controller adapt against large variations in parametric and dynamics uncertainties in the plant. These scheme lead to improved performance of the transient and steady state behavior of the closed loop system, including processes with long delay-time and nonminimum phase systems.

오차 보정에 의한 피드포워드 증폭기의 고조파 왜곡 특성에 관한 연구

김남호,류지구,정종혁 釜慶大學校 1997 釜慶大學校 論文集 Vol.2 No.2

In this paper, a feedforward amplifier with error correction is designed and implemented. So as to ecaluate its performance of the characteristics of the haminic distortion that proposed inverting and moninverting feedforward amplifier is compared with that of the referemce amplifier without error correction. This result of the secondary harmonics level is improved about 10[㏈]. Thus, it should be noted that the proposed feedforward amplifier network is also acceptable for wide-band amplifiers.

Sandblasted large grit, acid etched 표면처리에 따른 교정용 미니 임플랜트의 제거회전력에 관한 연구

오남희,김성훈,국윤아,이근혜,강윤구,모성서 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Sandblasted large grit, acid etched(SLA) 표면처리 된 교정용 미니 임플랜트와 평활면을 가진 교정용 미니 임플랜트 사이에 제거회전력과 조직학적 소견을 통해 표면처리된 교정용 임플랜트의 임상적 가능성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 실험재료로는 길이가 9.5 mm, 외경이 1.8 mm인 custom made, screw shaped, titanium implants가 사용되었다. 미니 임플랜트는 두개의 군으로 분류되었는데 SLA군은 20개의 SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트이었고, 평활면군은 크기와 형태가 같지만 SLA처리공정이 생략되어 제작된 20개의 미니 임플랜트로 구성되었다. 이들은 10마리 가토의 경골에 식립되었다. 각각의 가토의 우측 경골에는 SLA군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었고, 좌측 경골에는 평활면군의 미니 임플랜트 2개가 식립되었다. 각 군에는 식립 직후 Ni-Ti coil spring에 의해 약 150 g의 지속적인 견인력이 주어졌다. 식립 6주 후에 10마리의 가토를 희생하였고, 안정된 상태에서 Ni-Ti coil spring을 제거하였으며 digital torque gauge를 이용하여 제거 회전력을 측정하였다. 식립 6주 후에 SLA군의 경우 (8.29 Ncm) 평활면군 (3.34 Ncm)에 비해 더 높은 평균 제거회전력을 나타내었고 조직학적 소견에서도 screw 하방에서의 신생골 형성이 관찰되었다. SLA 표면처리된 미니 임플랜트는 평활면 미니 임플랜트에 비해 좀 더 강한 교정력에 저항할 수 있을 것으로 예상되었다. Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the differences between sand blasted, large grit and acid-etched (SLA) treated mini-implants and smooth surface orthodontic mini-implants in relation to the removal torque as well as the histologic analysis. Methods: Custom-made, screw-shaped, titanium implants with a length of 9.5 mm and an outer diameter of 1.8 mm were divided into 2 groups; the SLA group (20 SLA treated orthodontic mini-implants) and the smooth surface group (20 smooth surface mini-implants), and placed in the tibia metaphysis of 10 rabbits. Each rabbit had 4 mini-implants placed, 2 in each tibia. The right tibia were implanted with the SLA group mini-implants and the left tibia had the smooth group mini-implants placed. Each mini-implant group were immediately applied with a continuous traction force of 150 g using a Ni-Ti coil spring. The rabbits were sacrificed 6 weeks post-surgically. Subsequently, the legs were stabilized, the Ni-Ti coil springs were removed and the mini-implants were removed under reverse torque rotation with a digital torque gauge. Results: 6 weeks after placement, the SLA group presented a higher mean removal torque value (8.29 Ncm) than the smooth group (3.34 Ncm) and histologic analysis revealed a higher new bone formation aspect along the screw in the SLA group. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that SLA treated mini-implants may endure higher orthodontic forces without loosening.

경험지식을 이용한 자동동조 PID 제어기

설남오,이창구,김성중,신동룡 전북대학교 전자산업개발연구소 1990 전자산업연구 Vol.1 No.-

In this paper, we relay experiment which recognize automatically the information of the plandt by heuristic kmowledge. And we kesign the auto-tuning PID controller using this experment in the choice of controller structure and the decision of controller parameter. Heuristic konwledge is used as an eldment of the feedback loop in an also-tuning PID controller. The PID algorithm are coded in 4 form by controller structure, and the auto-tuning parameter decision method uses Ziegler-Nichols method and Astuom-Hagglund method. This paper designs the comtroller which is fit for control goal and is used the configuration of an expert contoller on the microcom-puter-based system.

유도결합 플라즈마를 이용한 백금 박막의 식각 연구

김남훈,장의구,김창일 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1998 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.28 No.-

반도체 메모리 소자가 기가 비트급 이상으로 집적화 되어짐에 따라서, DRAM의 정전 용량 확보를 위하여 강유전체막 캐패시터의 연구에 관심이 집중되어졌다. 일반적으로 강유전체 물질들은 하부전극 물질 위에 sol-gel법 등과 같은 고온-산소 분위기의 화학적 방법으로 증착되어진다. 백금은 그 화학적 안정도 때문에 가장 유력한 하부 전극 물질로 대두되고 있다. 하지만, 백금은 어떠한 식각 가스와도 쉽게 휘발성 물질을 생성하지 않는 단점이 있기 때문에 플라즈마 식각의 어려움이 있다. 따라서, 고집적 메모리 소자의 개발을 위해서는 백금 박막의 식각에 관한 연구가 선결되어져야 한다. 본논문에서는 유도 결합 Cl₂/AR, HBr/Cl₂/Ar 플라즈마를 이용한 백금 박막의 식가에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 O₂ 가스첨각가 백금 박막의 식각에 미치는 영향에 고나하여 연구하였다. 플라즈마 진단은 Langmuir 탐침과 OES 및 QMS를 이용하였고, 식각 후 표면 반응에 관한 조사는 XPS를 이용하였으며 식각 형상은 SEM을 이용해서 관찰하였다. 처음으로, Cl₂/Ar 프라즈마를 이용한 식각 하였을 때 보다도, 10% Cl₂/90% Ar 조성비일 때가 분당 1450A 정도로 더 높았다. 하지만, 식각 형상에서 펜스 현상이 SEM 사진을 통해서 관찰되어졌고, XPS 분석에 의해 그 주용 성분이 Pt-Cl의 화합물 형태임을 확인하였다. 다음으로 HBr 가스의 백금 박막의 식각에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. HBr 가스의 분압이 높아질수록 마스트로서의 산화막에 대한 선택비는 다소 향상되는 반면, 백금 박막의 식각 속도는 현저히 감소함을 볼 수 있었다. 마지막으로 O₂ 가스의 첨가가 백금 박막의 식각에 미치는 효과에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 10% Cl₂/90% Ar 가스 조성비를 유지할 수 O₂ 가스를 5% 첨가하였을 때, 식각 속도의 저하 없이 펜스 현상이 사라짐과 식각 속도의 저하 없이 펜스 현상이 사라짐과 식각 경사도가 60°가량으로 향상되어짐을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 산화막과의 선택비는 2.4 이상으로 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. As highly integrated memory device develops above giga bit, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) requires the capacitor of high dielectric films. Generally, high dielectric materials are prepared on the bottom electrode by chemical methods including sol-gel method with high temperature and oxygen ambient. Pt is the most promising material as bottom electrode owing to its good chemical stability. However, Pt has the drawback of plasma etching because Pt does not easily produce volatile compounds with any etching gas. Therefore, it is the first priority to develop the technology for plasma etching of Pt film in order to achieve the highly integrated memory device. In this study, the etching mechanism of Pt film in inductively coupled plasma etching of Pt film in inductively coupled plasma (ICP) were investigated by using Cl₂/Ar, HBr/Cl₂/Ar plasmas, respectively. And then the additive O₂ gas influence on the etching of Pt film was examined. Surface reaction of Pt etching was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). Etch profile was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And plasma characteristics was investigated by Langmuir probe, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and quadrapole mass spectrometer (QMS). First, the experimental results etched by using Cl /Ar gas chemistry. It is found that the highest etch rate as about 1450 A was obtained at 10% Cl₂/90% Ar gas mixing ratio. However, the fence phenomenon was observed by SEM photograph. The redeposited materials on the pattern sidewall were analyzed into mainly gas in (HB+Cl₂) gas mixing under 90% Ar gas mixing made the fence-free profile and raised the etch slope as about 60° without reducing etch rate of Pt film. And the selectivity increases above 2.4.

地區單位計劃의 物理的 規制要素가 街路景觀에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究

정성구,최민후,윤진보,신남수 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.10

Emphasis has recently been laid on the importance of street space that constitutes urban space in stimulating and strengthening the functions of the downtown area In most urban areas, however, street space has deteriorated so much that it reveals barrenness This situation is owing not to the lack of proper understanding about the importance of street space planning, but to the paucity of accumulated study on the correlation between the spatial consciousness of man as the subject of a street space evaluation on the one hand and the constituent elements as the object of spatial formation on the other District unit planning is a social system that is concerned with developing street space It maps out ideal urban space for better urban environment It also aims to better utilize urban space in accordance with the size and complexity of a city The purpose of this thesis is to examine the correlation between urban planning control elements regulating constituent elements of street space and the structure of man's psychological evaluation of the streetscape It explores the influence of physical regulatory elements on the streetscape, thus providing basic data and guidelines for planning a better streetscape It makes a psychological analysis of different applications of controlling elements by employing a semantic differential method and a CG simulation The procedure of my research is first to choose adjectival pairs that describe street space through bibliographical study and preliminary survey, and then to select physical regulatory elements concerning district Unit planning My study also shows the influence of the design control elements of distinct unit planning on the streetscape, by experimenting with those elements by means of CG simulation It examines variables on the axis of psychological factors according to the variation of regulatory elements and the degree of the influence of those variables

빠른 핸드오프를 지원하는 PKI 기반의 무선랜 인증기법 설계

이주남,이구연 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2003 정보통신논문지 Vol.7 No.-

Wireless LAN has the advantage of extension, flexibility, and easy of installation and maintenance. However it is vulnerable to security attacks. Public Key Infrastructure(PKI) is a good solution offering security function. to wireless LAN PKI offers high security, but it able generates high overheads such as CRL search and certificate verification. For the fast handoff, the overheads should be minimized. In this paper, we design a fast handoff authentication mechanism using PKI in wireless LAN and analyze the performance of the mechanism.