Comprehensive genomic analyses with 115 plastomes from algae to seed plants: structure, gene contents, GC contents, and introns

Eun‑Chae Kwon,Jong‑Hwa Kim,Nam‑Soo Kim 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.5

Background Chloroplasts are a common character in plants. The chloroplasts in each plant lineage have shaped their own genomes, plastomes, by structural changes and transferring many genes to nuclear genomes during plant evolution. Some plastid genes have introns that are mostly group II introns. Objective This study aimed to get genomic and evolutionary insights on the plastomes from green algae to flowering plants. Methods Plastomes of 115 species from green algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes (spore bearing vascular plants), gymnosperms, and angiosperms were mined from NCBI organelle genome database. Plastome structure, gene contents and GC contents were analyzed by the in-house developed Phyton code. Intronic features including presence/absence, length, intron phases were analyzed by manually in the annotated information in NCBI. Results The canonical quadripartite structures were retained in most plastomes except of a few plastomes that had lost an invert repeat (IR). Expansion or reduction or deletion of IRs resulted in the length variation of the plastomes. The number of protein coding genes ranged from 40 to 92 with an average 79.43 ± 5.84 per plastome and gene losses were apparent in specific lineages. The number of trn genes ranged from 13 to 33 with an average 21.19 ± 2.42 per plastome. Ribosomal RNA genes, rrn, were located in the IRs so that they were present in a duplicate except of the species that had lost one of the IR. GC contents were variable from 24.9 to 51.0% with an average 38.21 ± 3.27%, indicating bias to high AT contents. Plastid introns were present in 18 protein coding genes, six trn genes, and one rrn gene. Intron losses occurred among the orthologous genes in different plant lineages. The plastid introns were long compared with the nuclear introns, which might be related with the spliceosome nuclear introns and self-splicing group II plastid introns. The trnK-UUU intron contained the maturase encoding matK gene except in the chlorophyte algae and monilophyte ferns in which the trnK-UUU was lost, but matK retained. There were many annotation artefacts in the intron positions in the NCBI database. In the analysis of intron phases, phase 0 introns were more frequent than those of phase 2 and 3 introns. Phase polymorphism was observed in the introns of clpP which was derived from nucleotide insertion. Plastid trn introns were long compared to the archaeal or eukaryotic nuclear tRNA introns. Of the six plastid trn introns, one was at the D loop and other five were at the anticodon loop. The insertion sites were conserved among the trn genes in archaea, eukaryotic nuclear and plastid tRNA genes. Conclusions Current study refurbrished the previous findings of structural variations, gene contents, and GC contents of the chloroplast genomes from green algae to flowering plants. The study also included some noble findings and discussions on the plastome introns including their length variations and phase variation. We also presented and corrected some false annotations on the introns in protein coding and tRNA genes in the genome database, which might be confirmed by the chloroplast transcriptome analysis in the future.

Influence of heat‑treated Al-Si coating on the weldability and microstructural inhomogeneity for hot stamped steel resistance nut projection welds

Eun‑Joon Chun,Sung‑Sang Lim,Young‑Tae Kim,Ki‑Sung Nam,김영민,Young‑Whan Park,Siva Prasad Murugan,Yeong‑Do Park 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1

Resistance nut projection weldability of Al–Si coated hot stamped steel (HSS) was investigated under the viewpoint of weldablecurrent range and joint strength (pull-out load). The microstructural inhomogeneities in the welds were also studied inorder to elucidate the factors affecting the joint strength of the welds. The weldability of the given Al–Si coated HSS wascompared with the weldability of an identical HSS without the Al–Si coating (Al–Si coating was polished out) and Zn coateddual phase steel. The weldable current range of Al–Si coated HSS was found to be narrower than that of the other materials. Furthermore, the average pull-out load within the weldable current range of the Al–Si coated HSS was the lowest among thethree materials. The reason for poor weld mechanical property of the Al–Si coated hot-stamped steel was attributed to themicrostructural inhomogeneities such as unmixed Al–Si coating layer at the edge of the nugget and the second phase Fe3(Al,Si) intermetallic compound. The formation of Fe3(Al, Si) phase was attributed to the solidification segregation of Al and Siduring the weld solidification and was confirmed with the numerical analysis of solidification segregation.

한국과 일본의 건강증진정책 비교

남은우,조은주,남정자,Toshihiko HASEGAWA,Yoshi FUJISAWA 고신대학교보건과학연구소 2003 보건과학연구소보 Vol.13 No.-

최남선의 “조선 민족”과 단군

차남희 ( Nam Heev Cha ),이지은 ( Ji Eun Yi ) 한국사회역사학회 2014 담론 201 Vol.17 No.4

이 논문은 식민시기 최남선(崔南善, 1890-1957)의 민족 개념과 그 원형으로서의 “조선 민족”을 살펴본다. 특히 최남선은 민족을 어떻게 규정했는지, 그리고이 과정에서 단군 신화가 어떻게 다루어지고 있는지를 분석한다. 최남선은 식민지상황에서 독립을 이루기 위해서는 무엇보다 민족 정체성이 확립되어야 한다고생각하였다. 각 자가 한국인임을 자각하고 알게 될 때야 독립에 대한 의지가 확고해진다는 것이다. 최남선은 이를 “시간적 광복”이라고 보았다. 이를 위해 최남선은”조선 민족”의 원형과 그 연원을 입증하려 하였다. 최남선은 민족을 종족성과 문화, 특히 종교와 언어에 근거하여 설명한다. 최남선은 고대로부터의 민족을 상정하고, 이들이 현재까지 계승되고 있음을 주장하였다. 그리고 단군 신화를 통해 “조선 민족”이 이주하여 고조선을 건국한 역사를증명하고자 했다. 단군은 조선의 민족성 중심에 있었고, 시조로서 “조선 민족”을실체화하는 구심점이었다. 최남선은 단군으로 말미암아 조선의 민중에게 잠재되어있는 “불함신앙”을 일깨우고, 개개인 모두가 자기 각성을 통해 “조선 민족”으로부활할 것을 기대하였다. 이것이 곧 “민족 완성”이며 조선의 독립을 가능하게 하는선결 조건이라고 보았기 때문이다. This paper examines Choe Nam-Seon”s concept of the “Chosun nation” asthe archetype of Korean national identity. In particular, it focuses on how ChoeNam-Seon defines the nation and how he interprets the myth of “Dangun”-themythical figure who is believed to have founded the ancient Chosun,”Gochosun”. He argues that the first step to becoming independent from theJapanese rule is to establish a national identity because a strong desire forindependence results from a strong national identity as “the Chosun nation”. Byusing the myth of “Dangun,” he asserts that the “Chosun nation” has existed sincethe ancient period, “Dangun” has established “Gochosun”, and the nationalidentity has been succeeded to the presence. Therefore, Choe believed that thenational identity can be established through “Dangun” as the center of the”Chosun nation.” And he expected to make the people of Chosun aware of”Bulham faith” that was latent in them by “Dangun,” for he regarded it as theperfection of nation and a postulation for independence.

자료포락분석(DEA)를 이용한 보건의료의 효율성 측정

김남송,박홍섭,김은진,김설화,김정숙,김현아,김경숙,신지혜,최은정,양은진,유선미,유수진 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2007 圓光醫科學 Vol.22 No.1

능력증강전략을 활용한 자조관리과정이 류마티스관절염 환자의 능력증강과 신체적, 심리적 기능에 미치는 효과

이은남,최은옥,황은정 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a six week self-help empowerment strategy program on the empowerment status, pain intensity, physical function, joint flexibility and depression status in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method : The subjects of the study consisted of a convenience sample thirteen rheumatoid arthritis patients. Data was collected from July to November 2001. All patient received a self-help empowerment strategy program, once a week for six weeks. Result : After receiving the self-help empowerment strategy program, the empowerment status increased significantly, the pain intensity and the depression score decreased significantly and the level of physical function significantly improved but the flexibilities of shoulders, knees and ankles were not significantly change. Conclusion : Further studies need to be done to determine the feasibility of implementing empowerment strategy and its possibility as an effective intervention program for decreasing pain intensity and depression score and improving the physical function.

The Computer Algebra Systems in Mathematics Education : A Review of Recent Research

Kwon, Oh-Nam,Shin, Eun-Ju,Shon, Bo-Kyung 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2001 East west education Vol.18 No.-

This study examines the potential role for Computer Algebra Systems(CAS) in such an educational context, particularly their potential to get students more engaged in the learning of mathematics as well as to reduce the "strangle hold" of prerequisite algebraic skills, in courses such as functions, introductory calculus. What is the present status of and near-future outlook for computer algebra in Korean secondary schools? The answer that arises from this review of available fact is: bright with promise, but still dim. Several recent developments have set the stage for an acceleration in the dissemination rate for CAS to high schools. However, this review of some past and present conditions indicates that many years will pass before computer algebra is impacting high school mathematics as much as hand-held calculators are doing now.

심근 허혈-재관류 백서 모델에서 mitogen-activated protein kinase 활성화에 대한 α-lipoic acid의 효과

김연경,박은미,최준호,윤경호,유남진,이은미,김남호,정진원,김민선,박병림,오석규 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2006 圓光醫科學 Vol.21 No.1

자기 효능의 개념 분석

서순림,이은남,박송자,양영희,이동숙,최은옥,구미옥,김인자,이인숙,김성재,박영임,이은옥 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1997 간호학 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

Today human needs for health promotion and maintenance are increasing. The nursing progression has a great responsibility for helping clients to practice good health behavior. self efficacy was found to be potent predictor in initiating and maintaining the health-related behavior. Therefore, the concept is important in nursig intervention for change of health behavior. The purpose of this paper was to analyze and clarify the meaning of the concept, self efficacy. This study used Walder & Avant's process of concept analysis. Critical attributes of self efficacy were : 1) positive perception of his won capability; 2) intrapersonal strength; 3) possibility of being learned; 4) individuality; 5) specificity; 6) generalizability. Antecedents of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) new situation occurs; 2) individuals have needs to change the new situation; 3) there are some required actions in new situation. Consequences occurring as a result of self efficacy consist of those facts that 1) individual initiates the of failure; 5) cope with the situation; 6) controls the situation; 7) the level of self efficacy is enhanced; 8) the level of self-esteem is enhanced.

다발성 관동맥-좌심실간 미세루 1예

정성원,김남호,박은미,이상재,윤경호,유남진,이은미,박무림,오석규,정진원,박옥규 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2003 圓光醫科學 Vol.18 No.1