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미국 유권자들의 정치적 감정극화 양상과 효과 연구: 정치관여도, 사회참여도, 시민신뢰도, 인종 호감도를 중심으로
정낙원 ( Jung¸ Nakwon ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2021 社會科學硏究 Vol.47 No.2
본 연구는 미국에서의 정치적 감정극화의 심화양상과 개인차원의 효과를 정치관여도와 사회자본 관련 변인을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 정치적 외집단에 대한 비호감도는 꾸준히 증가하여 2020년에 최고치에 다다른 것으로 나타났으나, 외집단에 대한 부정적 감정이 사회참여도, 시민신뢰도, 인종에 대한 호감도를 떨어뜨리는 부정적인 효과로 이어지지 않았고, 오히려 정치관여도를 증가시키는 긍정적 효과를 양산하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 개인의 정치적 감정극화가 사회에 미치는 부정적인 효과가 제한적일 수 있음을 논증한다. This study investigated intensification of citizen’s affective polarization in US and its social consequences in term of political involvement, social participation, public trust and racial attitudes. Results showed that negative attitudes towards political out-group has steadily increased since 2000 to become the highest in year of 2020. However, affective polarization did not lead to negative effects such as reducing social participation, civic trust and racial attitudes, only to positive outcome such as enhancing political involvement. This suggests that negative effects of affective polarization are limited.
Host-Directed Therapy for Tuberculosis
( Nakwon Kwak ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.0
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the most severe infectious disease. Although the standard treatment regimen for TB (comprising isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) has been proven to be effective, two major concerns remain to be addressed. First, the standard treatment regimen typically requires a minimum 6 months for completion, with this lengthy treatment leading to increased toxicity and poor adherence. Second, many patients develop permanent respiratory impairment even after successful TB eradication. In light of these problems, host-directed therapy (HDT) has gained attention. HDTs, which are adjunctive treatments, exert their effects by enhancing antibacterial mechanisms and reducing inflammation. By improving autophagy and T-cell responses, HDTs accelerate bacillary clearance. Meanwhile, by modulating proinflammatory mediators and dampening inflammation, inflammation-induced tissue injury is prevented and lung function is spared. Based on these properties, HDTs have the potential to shorten treatment duration and reduce lung injury. In this session, the current concept and progression of HDTs will be presented. After reviewing immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, laboratory data of HDT candidates will be covered. Moreover, clinical data will be presented. Finally, the future role of HDT in the treatment of TB will be proposed.
Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease : individual patient data meta-analysis
( Nakwon Kwak ),( Margareth Pretti Dalcolmo ),( Charles L. Daley ),( Geoffrey Eather ),( Regina Gayoso ),( Naoki Hasegawa ),( Byung Woo Jhun ),( Won-jung Koh ),( Ho Namkoong ),( Jimyung Park ),( Rache 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2018 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.126 No.-
Background: Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus pulmonary disease (MAB-PD), which is caused by subspecies M. abscessus subspecies abscessus (M. abscessus), M. abscessus subspecies massiliense (M. massiliense), or M. abscessus subspecies bolletii, is challenging. Methods: We conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis based on published studies reporting treatment outcomes for MAB-PD to clarify the treatment outcomes for MAB-PD and the impact of each drug on treatment outcomes. Results: A total of 303 patients with MAB-PD from eight studies were included. The treatment success rate across all patients with MAB-PD was 45.6%. The specific treatment success rates were 33.0% for M. abscessus and 56.7% for M. massiliense pulmonary disease. For MAB-PD, the use of imipenem was associated with treatment success (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-5.10). For patients with M. abscessus, the use of azithromycin (aOR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.26-8.62), amikacin (aOR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05-1.99), or imipenem (aOR, 7.96; 95% CI, 1.52-41.6) increased the likelihood of treatment success. For patients with M. massiliense, the choice among these drugs did not affect the treatment outcomes. Conclusion: Treatment outcomes for MAB-PD are unsatisfactory. The use of azithromycin, amikacin, or imipenem improves treatment outcomes for patients with M. abscessus pulmonary disease.
( Nakwon Kwak ),( Hongjo Choi ),( Doosoo Jeon ),( Byung Woo Jhun ),( Kyung-wook Jo ),( Young Ae Kang ),( Yong-soo Kwon ),( Myungsun Lee ),( Jeongha Mok ),( Tae-sun Shim ),( Hong-joon Shin ),( Jake Wha 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.83 No.2
Background: The burden of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease (PD) is increasing globally. To understand the treatment outcomes and prognosis of NTM-PD, a unified registry is needed. In this project, we aim to construct a multicenter prospective observational cohort with NTM-PD in South Korea (NTM-KOREA). Methods: The primary objective of this study is to analyze treatment outcomes according to the species. In addition, recurrence rate, adverse events, the impact of each drug on treatment outcomes as well as the impact of characteristics of mycobacteriology will be analyzed. The inclusion criteria for the study are as follows: fulfilling the criteria for NTM-PD having one of the following etiologic organisms: Mycobacterium avium complex, M. abscessus subspecies abscessus, M. abscessus subspecies massiliense, or M. kansasii ; receiving the first treatment for NTM-PD after enrollment; age >20 years; and consenting to participate in the study. Seven institutions will participate in patient enrollment and about 500 patients are expected to be enrolled. Participants will be recruited from 1 March 2020 until 19 March 2024 and will be observed through 19 March 2029. During the follow-up period, participants’ clinical course will be tracked and their clinical data as well as NTM isolates will be collected. Conclusion: NTM-KOREA will be the first nationwide observational cohort for NTM-PD in South Korea. It will provide the information to optimize treatment modalities and will contribute to deeper understanding of the treatment outcomes and long-term prognosis of patients with NTM-PD in South Korea.
Estudio sobre el caracter de egloga en La Galatea de Cervantes
( Nakwon Choi ) 한국스페인어문학회(구 한국서어서문학회) 2016 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.81
In the “Prologue” of La Galatea, Cervantes classifies the style of the work not as a plot-oriented novel but rather as an eclogue. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the characteristic of an eclogue that Cervantes identifies as his work`s genre. Cervantes esteemed writing poetry as a primary type of creative activity. Hence, he wished to write his work in the form of a poem, especially an eclogue which had a wide range of contemporaneous readership. The eclogue was a part of the typical classical genre, and it had a flexibility to incorporate other genres including prose. Many remarkable writers chose and wrote this genre as a part of their literary canon. Among these writers, Cervantes mainly modeled himself after Garcilaso de la Vega who had taken the Italian Renaissance poetry and transformed it into his own unique style. However, because of his lack of poetic talent, Cervantes could not write an authentic eclogue like the works of Garcilaso. Cervantes was a novelist, not a poet. As such, his genius as a novelist is amply displayed in his first novel. Betrayal, hatred, murder, et cetera: these negative elements that were hitherto not permitted in traditional pastoral novels add strong realism to Cervantes`s work. Hence La Galatea possesses dualism. The poetic part delivers the morals and the philosophical messages that the author wanted to impart. The prose, with its characteristic realism, brings amusement, vitality, and reality to those messages.