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Nai‑Yong Liu,Ze‑Ran Bao,Jing Li,Xin‑Yu Ao,Jia‑Ying Zhu,Yu‑Hui Chen 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.5
The fungal genus Trichoderma has been extensively studied due to its role in the mycoparasitism, and thus developed as biocontrol agent against various plant pathogens. Although the mycoparasitic processes of several Trichoderma species have already been well understood, the information about the mycoparasitic mechanisms of Trichoderma strains resulted from different growth conditions or interacting with different phytopathogens is still limited. In this study, we utilized transcriptome sequencing to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 0, 24, 72 and 120 h from T. atroviride strain SS003, growing on an induced-medium with cell walls of Pinus armandii pathogen Cronartium ribicola (CRCW). In total, 86,155,316 reads were obtained with 43,077,658 clean reads. Further, 10,422 genes were identified from four transcriptomes and accounted for 93.89% of annotated genes in T. atroviride IMI 206040 genome, reflecting high-quality sequencing and assembly. In each pairwise comparison, a large number of DEGs were identified with different numbers of genes for up- and down-regulation, respectively. In the presence of CRCW, expression of two main glycoside hydrolase gene families (i.e. chitinase and glucosidase) was induced. Most of 14 secreted enzymes by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) analysis exhibited a consistent expression pattern with that by RNA-Seq data. This comparative study leads to the identification of phase-specific genes in the interactions of T. atroviride SS003 with C. ribicola, and provides potential molecular targets for improved biocontrol strategies.
School leadership for social justice and its linkage with perilous politics
Nai‑Ying Whang 서울대학교 교육연구소 2019 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.20 No.1
This paper explores the phenomenon of perilous politics of school leadership for social justice, in order to strengthen social equity for educational development. School leadership for social justice emphasizes that leaders can make efforts to pursue equitable relationships of gender, class, race, culture, etc. Therefore, it stresses the understanding of ‘intersectionality’ of multiple biases. However, school leadership for social justice can easily initiate perilous politics. As a result, school leaders would not overburden the perilous politics of relation tear derived from the interest pursuit of stakeholders. This qualitative research chose a junior high school by purposive sampling for a case study. There were 14 participants, including 1 principal, 3 administrative chairs, 3 administrative directors, 3 chairs of subject areas, 2 parents, and 2 students. Interviews were conducted to collect data. Based on the analyses and discussions of research results, the findings are as follows: (1) there is great care for the disadvantaged students; (2) the structure of collective responsibility is linked with the process of community support; (3) there is perilous politics of pathological diffusion and respect decline; and (4) self-empowerment and deliberative intervention is risen to assume the perilous politics to play reasonable perilous politics.
宋徠永 서울여자대학교 1976 서울여자대학논문집 Vol.- No.5
여성의 체격과 폐활량을 파악하고저 한셈여자중학생 402명, 성신여자사법대학 부속여자고등학생 352명, 서울여자대학생 341명, 총 1,095명을 대상으로 검사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 신장은 중학교 학생 평균 150.7㎝에서 고등학교 학생 평균 156.8㎝이며 대학생 평균 157.7㎝로 중학생에 비해 고등학생의 격차는 6㎝이었으나 중등학생에 비해 대학생은 157.7㎝로 1㎝정도의 차이 밖에 없었다. 2. 체중은 중학교 학생 평균 42.1㎏에서 고등학교 학생 평균 48.4㎏로 약 6㎏의 격차가 있었으나 고등학생에 비해 대학생은 49.3㎏으로 1㎏정도 많다. 3. 흉위는 중학교 학생 평균 73.2㎝에서 고등학교 학생 평균 79.7㎝로 6㎝이상 격차가 있으나 고등학교에 비해 대학생은 81.6㎝로 2㎝정도 크다 4. 폐활량은 중학교 학생 평균 2319cc에서 고등학교 학생 평균 2414.3cc로 100cc의 격차가 있으나 고등학생에 비해 대학생은 2448cc로 34cc정도 많다 5. 년령면에서 보면 신장은 12세때 평균 146.6㎝에서 21세때 평균 158.7㎝로 약 12㎝성장했으며, 체중은 10㎏늘었고 gbddnlsms 11㎝컸고, 폐활량은 400cc나 많이 컸다. 6. 성장의 척도가 되는 신장은 13세에서 14세 사이에 현저하게 성장하고, 발육은 14세에서 15세 사이에 현저해 졌다 7. 폐활량은 19세에서 20세 사이에 가장 많아섰으며 흉위가 클수록 폐활량도 많아졌다. 8. 종합해 보면 성장과 발육은 고등학교에서 완전해지는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 체력과 체위향상을 위해서는 고등학교 체육을 효과적으로 지도하여야 하겠다.