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Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pretreated Chitin by Aspergillus carneus Chitinase
Abdel, Naby.,Mohamed, A.,Kwon, Dae Young 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1992 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.2 No.3
Studies of the pretreatment of chitin and its subsequent hydrolysis by Aspergillus carneus chitinase are reported. Ball milling was found to be the most effective way among the pretreatment methods tested. Data are presented describing the effect of enzyme and substrate concentrations on the rate and extent of the hydrolysis process. It was found that the successive addition of enzyme improved the saccharification yield. Significant product inhibition of the chitinase was observed when N-acetylglucosamine concentration was 3.6% or higher. Adsorption of enzymes to the substrate occurred during a 24 hr hydrolysis period. An initial rapid and extensive adsorption occurred, followed by gradual desorption which increased during the time of reaction. Intermediate removal of the hydrolyzate and continuation of the hydrolysis by adsorbed enzyme on the residual chitin was also investigated. A total of 75.4g/ℓ reducing sugars, corresponding to 69.2% saccharificaton yield (as N-acetylglucosamine) was obtained. In addition an increase in the amount of recoverable enzymes was observed under these conditions. Evidence presented here suggests that the technique, whereby the free enzymes in the recovered hydrolyzate are re-adsorbed onto the new substrate, may provide a means of recirculating the dissolved enzymes.
The Production of Xylanase and β-Xylosidase by Aspergillus niger NRC 107
Abdel Naby, Mohamed A.,Kwon, Dae Young 한국산업미생물학회 1992 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.20 No.5
Hemicellulose를 효소에 의하여 분해시키기 위하여 Aspergillus niger NRC 107로부터 xylanase와 β-xylosidase의 생산 조건에 대하여 조사하였다. 이들 효소 생산 최적 pH는 6.0이었으며 탄소원 중 corn-cob xylan과 질소원 중 Na_2N0_3이 효소 생산에 제일 좋은 기질이었으며 이들의 최적농도는 각각 15g/ℓ와 2.67g/ℓ이다. 이들 효소는 인산염(KH_2P0_4)과 Tween-80의 농도를 조절하므로 수율을 높일 수 있으며 wheat bran은 xylanase의 생산에 L(-) sorbose는 β-xylosidase의 생산에 좋은 영향을 주었다. 이와같이 이 Aspergillus niger NRC 107의 회분식 배양에서 이들 효소에 영향을 미치는 생산조건을 최적화한 결과 xylanase는 39.43 units/㎖, β-xylosidase는 4.2 units/㎖까지 생산할 수 있었다. The production of xylanase and β-xylosidase was investigated in submerged culture of Aspergillus niger NRC 107. The maximum production occurred when the pH was controlled at 6.0 during the fermentation. Among the various carbon sources investigated, corn-cob xylan(1.5%, w/v) yielded maximal production of the enzymes. The NaNO_3 was the most favorable nitrogen source for enzyme production and KH_2P0_4 concentration at 0.3%(w/v) was found to be optimum. Incorporation of wheat bran to the culture medium improved xylanase production. Addition of L(-) sorbose to the culture medium promoted the secretion of β-xylosidase. It was possible to increase the production of xylanase (39.43 units/㎖) and that of β-xylosidase (4.2 units/㎖) by submerged culturing the A. niger NRC 107 in the modified medium.
The Koran proverbs and their importance in the teaching process
Salim A Abdul Naby 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2009 중동연구 Vol.27 No.3
The Koran proverbs are one of important manners of proselytism and guidance manners, besides, they consider also branch from science and knowledge supplier via their inclusion examples, preachment and lessons for worshipers and country. In other words, the Koran proverbs represent clearance teaching manners from the first level of their expression carefulness and wonderful description. On this base, we divide the project into four chapters; the first included clearance in the meaning of language proverbs; the second mentioned kinds of Koran proverbs and their treatments; the third for importance Koran proverbs in teaching process; the fourth for analysis review of some Koran proverbs.
Technological and economic study of ship recycling in Egypt
Yousri M. A. Welaya,Maged M. Abdel Naby,Mina Y. Tadros 대한조선학회 2012 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.4 No.4
The ship recycling industry is growing rapidly. It is estimated that the International Maritime Organiz¬ation’s (IMO) decision to phase-out single hull tankers by 2015 will result in hundreds of ships requiring disposal. At present, the ship recycling industry is predominantly based in South Asia. Due to the bad practice of current scrapping procedure, the paper will highlight the harm occurring to health, safety and environment. The efforts of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) which led to the signing of the Hong Kong International Convention are also reviewed. The criteria and standards required to reduce the risk and damage to the environment are discussed and a proposed plan for the safe scrapping of ships is then presented. A technological and economic study for the ship recycling in Egypt is carried out as a case study. This includes the ship recycling facility size and layout. The equipment and staff required to operate the facility are also evaluated. A cost analysis is then carried out. This includes site development, human resources, machineries and equipment. A fuzzy logic approach is used to assess the benefits of the ship breaking yard. The use of the fuzzy logic approach is found suitable to make decisions for the ship breaking in¬dustry. Based on given constraints, the proposed model has proved capable of assessing the profit and the internal rate of return.
Technological and economic study of ship recycling in Egypt
Welaya, Yousri M.A.,Abdel Naby, Maged M.,Tadros, Mina Y. The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2012 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.4 No.4
The ship recycling industry is growing rapidly. It is estimated that the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) decision to phase-out single hull tankers by 2015 will result in hundreds of ships requiring disposal. At present, the ship recycling industry is predominantly based in South Asia. Due to the bad practice of current scrapping procedure, the paper will highlight the harm occurring to health, safety and environment. The efforts of the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) which led to the signing of the Hong Kong International Convention are also reviewed. The criteria and standards required to reduce the risk and damage to the environment are discussed and a proposed plan for the safe scrapping of ships is then presented. A technological and economic study for the ship recycling in Egypt is carried out as a case study. This includes the ship recycling facility size and layout. The equipment and staff required to operate the facility are also evaluated. A cost analysis is then carried out. This includes site development, human resources, machineries and equipment. A fuzzy logic approach is used to assess the benefits of the ship breaking yard. The use of the fuzzy logic approach is found suitable to make decisions for the ship breaking industry. Based on given constraints, the proposed model has proved capable of assessing the profit and the internal rate of return.
Nabi Vugar,Ayhan Selim,Yuksel Selcen,Adhikari Prashant,Vila-Casademunt Alba,Pellise Ferran,Perez-Grueso Francisco Sanchez,Alanay Ahmet,Obeid Ibrahim,Kleinstueck Frank,Acaroglu Emre 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.2
Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the impact of anemia on functional outcomes, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and early hospital readmission (EHR) rates after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery at the time of discharge from the hospital. Overview of Literature: Concerns with risks of transfusion, insufficient evidence for its benefits, and the possibility of associated adverse outcomes have led to restrictive transfusion practices. Therefore, patients are discharged according to patient blood management programs that are implemented in hospitals nationwide to reduce unnecessary blood transfusions. However, not many comprehensive kinds of studies exist on the effect of postoperative anemia on functional life and complications. Methods: Anemia severity was defined following the 2011 World Health Organization guidelines. All patients had HRQoL tests as well as complete blood counts pre- and postoperatively. EHR is the admission within 30 days of discharge and was used as the dependent parameter. Results: This study comprised 225 surgically treated ASD patients with a median age of 62.0 years, predominantly women (80%). Of the 225 patients, 82, 137, and six had mild, moderate, and severe anemia at the time of discharge, respectively. Seventeen of the patients (mild [11, 64.7%]; moderate [5, 29.4%]; severe [1, 5.9%]) were readmitted within 30 days. The mean hemoglobin values were higher in readmitted patients (p=0.071). Infection was the leading cause of readmission (n=12), but a low hemoglobin level was not observed in any of these patients at the time of discharge. Except for Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire, HRQoL improvements did not reach statistical significance in early readmitted patients in the first year after surgery. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the occurrence and the severity of postoperative anemia are not associated with EHR in surgically treated patients with ASD. The findings of the current research suggested that clinical awareness of the parameters other than postoperative anemia may be crucial. Thus, improvements in HRQoL scores were poor in early readmitted patients 1 year after surgery.