Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Effects of Sunghyangchungisan(SHCS) on Cellular Ion Contents and Metabolism in Cat Brain Cortical Slices under Hypoxic Insult

Kim, Na-Ri,Kim, Young-Kyun 동의대학교 한의학연구소 2001 동의ㆍ경산 한의학 학술대회 Vol.5 No.-

星香正氣散은 腦卒中을 가진 患者에 대해 有益한 處方이라고 알려져 있다. 이번 硏究에서 는 고양이 大腦 皮質 切片을 사용하여 低酸素 發作을 誘發한 뒤, 星香正氣散이 細胞의 이온環境과 代謝의 變化와 關聯하여 效果가 있는지 硏究하였다. 고양이의 大腦 皮質 切片이 低酸素症에 露出되었을 때, 細胞內에 Na+는 增加하고 K+는 減少한다. 星香正氣散은 低酸素症으로 誘發된 細胞內의 K+와 Na+의 含量의 變化를 현저하게 遲延시켰다. 星香正氣散의 效果는 0.3-2 mg/ml의 濃度에서 投與量에 依存的이었다. 星香正氣散은 低酸素 期間의 前이나 그동안에 適用했을 때만 效果가 있었고, 이미 低酸素 發作으로 인해 損傷된 組織에 適用했을 때는 이온 障害를 바꾸는 어떤 效果도 나타나지 않았다. 星香正氣散은 Na-K-ATPase의 抑制劑인 와바인 또는 代謝 抑制劑인 2,4-DNP로 誘發된 細胞內 K+ 含量의 變化에 어떤 效果도 보이지 않았다. 또한, 正常 狀態의 切片뿐만 아니라 低酸素 狀態의 切片에서 分離된 顆粒體의 分屑에 있어서 Na-K-ATPase의 活動度에 影響을 미치지 않았다. 星香正氣散은 低酸素 發作下에서 酸素 消費量과 細胞의 ATP含量이 떨어지는 것을 현저하게 막았다. 또한 ATP를 生産하는 機能을 保護하는 低酸素 組織의 絲粒體를 돕는데 效果的이었다. 結論的으로 星香正氣散은 大腦 組織의 低酸素 發作下에서 細胞의 이온 環境과 代謝를 保護하는 有益한 效果가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다.

Glyoxal-induced exacerbation of pruritus and dermatitis is associated with <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> colonization in the skin of a rat model of atopic dermatitis

Han, Rafael Taeho,Kim, Hye Young,Ryu, Hyun,Jang, Wooyoung,Cha, Seung Ha,Kim, Hyo Young,Lee, JaeHee,Back, Seung Keun,Kim, Hee Jin,Na, Heung Sik Elsevier 2018 Journal of dermatological science Vol.90 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with hyperreactivity to environmental triggers. Among those, outdoor air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) have been reported to aggravate pre-existing AD. However, underlying mechanisms of air pollution-induced aggravation of AD have hardly been studied.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which glyoxal, a PM-forming organic compound, exacerbates the symptoms of AD induced by neonatal capsaicin treatment.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Naïve and AD rats had been exposed to either fresh air or vaporized glyoxal for 5 weeks (2 h/day and 5 days/week) since one week of age. Pruritus and dermatitis were measured every week. The skin and blood were collected and immunological traits such as Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, production of antimicrobial peptides and immunoglobulin, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines were analyzed.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Exposure to glyoxal aggravated pruritus and dermatitis in AD rats, but did not induce any symptoms in naïve rats. Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization was increased in the skin of both naïve and AD rats. Expression of antimicrobial peptides such as LL-37 and β-defensin-2 was also increased by exposure to glyoxal in the skin of both naïve and AD rats. The mRNA expression of Th1-related cytokines was elevated on exposure to glyoxal. However, serum immunoglobulin production was not significantly changed by exposure to glyoxal.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>In AD rats, exposure to glyoxal exacerbated pruritus and cutaneous inflammation, which was associated with increased colonization of <I>S. aureus</I> and subsequent immunological alterations in the skin.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Exposure to glyoxal aggravated the symptoms in AD rats, but did not induce AD in naïve rats. </LI> <LI> <I>S. aureus</I> skin colonization and subsequent expression of antimicrobial peptides were increased after exposure to glyoxal. </LI> <LI> Exposure to glyoxal elevated the production of Th1-related cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ in the AD lesional skin. </LI> </UL> </P>

Furosemide에 의한 소디움 운반체 발현의 변화

오윤규 ( Yoon Kyu Oh ),나기영 ( Ki Young Na ),이재욱 ( Jay Wook Lee ),장혜련 ( Hye Ryun Chang ),박영선 ( Young Sun Park ),박정환 ( Jung Hwan Park ),주권욱 ( Kwon Wook Joo ),김근호 ( Gheun Ho Kim ),이정상 ( Jung Sang Lee ),한진석 ( 대한신장학회 2003 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.22 No.2

배경 : 임상에서 흔히 사용하는 이뇨제 furosemide는 비후상행각에서 Na+-K+-2CI- cotranspoter (NKCC2)를 억제하여 NaCl 재흡수를 차단하여 이뇨작용을 나타낸다. Furosemide를 장기간 투여하면 내성과 대사성 알카리증의 부작용이 발생할 수 있는데, 이는 집합관에 도달하는 소디움 증가와 관련 있을 가능성이 있다. 방법 : 저자들은 furosemide의 내성이나 부작용이 집합관 상피 소디움 통로 (ENaC) 단백발현의 변화와 관련이 있는지를 확인하고자, Sprague-Dawley rat에서 farosemide (12 mg/day)을 7일간 지속적 피하 주입한 후 반정량적 immunoblotting과 면역조직화학법을 이용하여 NKCC2, Na +-CL- cotransporter (NCC), ENaC 단백의 발현을 관찰하였다. 실험기간 동안 수분과 전해질 용액 (0.8% NaCl & 0.1% KCl)을 자유롭게 섭취하도록 하여 체액 감소를 방지하였다. 결과 : 부형약 (vehicle)을 투여한 대조군에 비하여, furosemide를 투여한 군에서 각각 요량과 요 소디움 배설이 증가하였으나, 체중, 혈청 알도스테론치 및 크레아티닌 청소율은 차이가 없었다. Furosemid 투여 후 NKCC2 단백은 피질 (151±10 vs. 100±10%, p<0.05)과 외수질 (122±5 vs. 100±3%, p<0.01)에서 증가해 있었다. ENaC 단백은 세 가지 subunit 모두 furosemide 투여 후 대조군에 비하여 피질 (α:187±25 vs. 100±22%, p<0.05; β:155±8 vs. 100±15%, p<0.05; γ:168±16 vs. 100±9%, p<0.05)과 외수질 (α:171±27 vs. 100±17%, p<0.05; β :986±91 vs. 100±33%, p<0.01; γ :242±24 vs. 100±22%, p<0.01)에서 증 가하였다. 면역조직화학법에서도 furosemide를 투여한 군의 집합관 주세포에서 ENaC β-subunit가 더 강하게 염색되었다. 결론 : 이상에서 장기간 furosemide 투여시 집합관 ENaC 발현이 증가하며, 이러한 원위부네프론의 적응 반응이 이뇨제 내성을 유발하는데 기여할 것으로 생각한다. Background : Furosemide inhibit NaCl absorption in the thick ascending limb and produce an increase in distal delivery of Na+. We carried out semiquantitative immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry of rat kidneys to investigate whether chronic furosemide infusion is associated with compensatory increases in the abundance of Na+ transporters in distal nephron. Methods : Osmotic minipumps were implanted into Sprague-Dawley rats to deliver 12 mg/day of furosemide(n=6) with simultaneous administration of 0.8% NaCl and 0.1% KCl in drinking water for 7days. Results : Compared with vehicle infused controls, urine volume and urine sodium amount were increased. However, there were no differences in body weight, serum aldosterone, and creatinine clearance. The abundance of Na+-K+-2CI - cotransporter after furosemide infusion was increased in cortex (151±10 vs. 100±10%, p<0.05) and outer medulla (122±5 vs. 100±3%, p<0.01). In furosemide infusion group, the abundance of all three subunits of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) was increased both in cortex (α:187±25 vs. 100±17%, p<0.05; β:155±8 vs. 100±15%, p<0.05; γ :168±16 vs. 100±9%, p<0.05) and outer medulla (α:171±27 vs. 100±17%, p<0.05; β :986±91 vs. 100±33%, p<0.01; γ :242±24 vs. 100±22%, p<0.01). Consistent with these results, ENaC β-subunit immunohistochemistry showed a remarkable increase in immunoreactivity in the principal cells of collecting ducts with furosemide treatment. Conclusion : These increases in the abundance of ENaC protein may account for the generation of diuretic tolerance.

Donepezil, Tacrine and α-Phenyl-n-tert-Butyl Nitrone (PBN) Inhibit Choline Transport by Conditionally Immortalized Rat Brain Capillary Endothelial Cell Lines (TR-BBB)

Young-Sook Kang,Kyeong-Eun Lee,Na-Young Lee,Tetsuya Terasaki 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.4

In the present study, we have characterized the choline transport system and examined the influence of various amine drugs on the choline transporter using a conditionally immortalized rat brain capillary endothelial cell line (TR-BBB) in vitro. The cell-to-medium (C/M) ratio of [3H]choline in TR-BBB cells increased time-dependently. The initial uptake rate of [3H]choline was concentration-dependent with a Michaelis-Menten value, Km, of 26.2 ± 2.7 µM. The [3H]choline uptake into TR-BBB was Na+-independent, but was membrane potential-dependent. The [3H]choline uptake was susceptible to inhibition by hemicholinium-3, and tetraethylammonium (TEA), which are organic cation transporter substrates. Also, the uptake of [3H]choline was competitively inhibited with Ki values of 274 µM, 251 µM and 180 µM in the presence of donepezil hydrochloride, tacrine and α-phenyl-n-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN), respectively. These characteristics of choline transport are consistent with those of the organic cation transporter (OCT). OCT2 mRNA was expressed in TR-BBB cells, while the expression of OCT3 or choline transporter (CHT) was not detected. Accordingly, these results suggest that OCT2 is a candidate for choline transport at the BBB and may influence the BBB permeability of amine drugs.

불안 증상을 동반한 신체화 환자의 인지적 특성

나영석,정한용,권영준,이소영,박준호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.6

Objectives : Assuming that somatization closely interacts with anxiety symptoms, one might speculate that anxiety symptoms will produce the significant differences in development, course and treatment of somatization and the cause of these differences will be elucidated in the cognitive aspect. This study was performed to examine the cognitive characteristics in terms of the somatosensory amplification and the symptom interaction in patients with somatization accompanied by anxiety symptoms. Methods : The following measures were administered to subjects who had a T-score of >60 on somatization subscale of Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) : 1) Minnessota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Korean Version (MMPI-K), 2) Somato-sensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), 3) Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire (SIQ). There was a comparison of differences in the somatosensory amplification and the symptom interpretation between the anxiety group and the non-anxiety group divided by T-score of >60 on the psychasthenia subscale of MMSE-K. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of the differences in the somatosensory amplification and the symptom interpretation on age, sex, marital status and level of education between those two groups. Results : There was a greater amplification of sensation in the anxiety group than the non-anxiety group. The former showed a higher level of physical, psychological and catastrophic interpretation than non-anxiety group except with regard to environ-mental interpretation. Somatization was affected by somatosensory amplification and physical interpretation in both groups, as well as psychological interpretation in the anxiety group. Conelusion : Regarding the cognitive aspect, the somatosensory amplification and symptom interpretation were more severely distorted in patients accompanied by anxiety symptoms. These results suggest that a therapeutic approach based on the cognitive charactehstics is essential for the effective management of somatizer.

Extended Culture of Bone Marrow with Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Generates Immunosuppressive Cells

Na, Hye Young,Sohn, Moah,Ryu, Seul Hye,Choi, Wanho,In, Hyunju,Shin, Hyun Soo,Park, Chae Gyu 한국조명·전기설비학회 2018 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.

<P>Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) are generated from bone marrow (BM) cells cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for a week. In this study we investigated the effect of duration on the BM culture with GM-CSF. Within several months, the cells in the BM culture gradually expressed homogeneous levels of CD11c and major histocompatibility complex II on surface, and they became unable to stimulate allogeneic naïve T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, when the BM culture were sustained for 32 wk or longer, the BM cells acquired ability to suppress the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in MLR as well as the response of ovalbumin-specific OT-I transgenic T cells in antigen-dependent manner. We found that, except for programmed death-ligand 1, most cell surface molecules were expressed lower in the BM cells cultured with GM-CSF for the extended duration. These results indicate that BM cells in the extended culture with GM-CSF undergo 2 distinct steps of functional change; first, they lose the immunostimulatory capacity; and next, they gain the immunosuppressive ability.</P>

성인의 급성 설사에 대한 로페라미드 옥사이드의 효과: 위약과의 무작위 이중 맹검 비교 다시설 시험

박영태,정희진,박중원,이계희,김나영,임선희,윤병철,한동수,이오영 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.31 No.5

Characteristics of Cytosolic Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Isolated from Rat Liver

Na, Doe Sun,Park, Young Min,Rhee, Hae Jin,Won, Jong Hak 생화학분자생물학회 1997 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.2

A calcium-independent phospholipase A₂ (iPLA₂) was identified from the cytosolic fraction of rat liver cells. On gel filtration chromatography, the iPLA₂ activity was eluted as broad peaks of 150 to 500 kDa. The enzyme was maximally active at pH 7.5, retained 75% of its original activity after heating at 50℃ for 5 h, and was inhibited by Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+), and Zn^(2+) ions, but was not affected by Na+ and K+ ions. The enzymatic activity was increased up to 150% by 1 to 4 mM DTT and was inhibited up to 25% by 0.1 to 1 mM PMSF. The iPLA₂ activity had preference for the head group of phospholipass, where phosphatidylethanolamine was preferred to phosphatidylcholine. The results suggest that the iPLA₂ may be a novel enzyme distinct from the previously reported iPLA₂s.