Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라,신영민,김지혜,윤재호,박병국,안병태,Shin, Hae Na Ra,Shin, Young Min,Kim, Ji Hye,Yun, Jae Ho,Park, Byung Kook,Ahn, Byung Tae 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an $Na_2S$ layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the $Na_2S$ underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at $350^{\circ}C$ and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without $Na_2S$ layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Na₂S 하부층을 이용한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 광흡수층의 저온증착 및 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 박막태양전지에의 응용

신해나라(Hae Na Ra Shin),신영민(Young Min Shin),김지혜(Ji Hye Kim),윤재호(Jae Ho Yun),박병국(Byung Kook Park),안병태(Byung Tae Ahn) 한국태양광발전학회 2014 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.2 No.1

High-efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells were usually achieved on soda-lime glass substrates due to Na incorporation that reduces deep-level defects. However, this supply of sodium from sodalime glass to CIGS through Mo back electrode could be limited at low deposition temperature. Na content could be more precisely controlled by supplying Na from known amount of an outside source. For the purpose, an Na₂S layer was deposited on Mo electrode prior to CIGS film deposition and supplied to CIGS during CIGS film. With the Na₂S underlayer a more uniform component distribution was possible at 350°C and efficiency was improved compared to the cell without Na₂S layer. With more precise control of bulk and surface component profile, CIGS film can be deposited at low temperature and could be useful for flexible CIGS solar cells.

Nematicidal and egg‐hatching inhibition activities of Kaempferia galanga rhizome‐derived materials and constituents toward root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)

Tae‐Kyun Hong,Kym‐Na‐Ra Hwang,Jun‐Ran Kim,Young‐Joon Ahn 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

The toxicity of Kaempferia galanga rhizome materials and constituents against Meloidogyne incognita second‐stage juveniles (J2) and eggs were examined. The active principles of K. galanga rhizome were identified as the phenylpropanoids ethyl (E)‐cinnamate (EC, 1) and ethyl (E)‐p‐methoxycinnamate (EMC, 2) by spectroscopic analysis. Results were compared with those of carbofuran, fosthiazate, and metam‐sodium. In direct‐contact mortality bioassay, EC (LC50, 0.037 mg/ml) was the most toxic constituent, followed by EMC (0.041 mg/ml). EC was more effective than carbofuran (LC50, 0.092 mg/ml) but less active than fosthiazate (0.002 mg/ml). EC, egg hatch was inhibited 100, 93, and 87% at 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml, respectively. EMC caused 100, 81, and 75% inhibition of egg hatch at 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml, respectively. The inhibition of two phenylpropanoids were similar or more inhibition to that of either carbofuran or metam‐sodium but was lower than that of fosthiazate. In contact + fumigant mortality bioassay, EC and EMC treatments resulted in 86 and c 73% mortality at 0.5 and 0.125 mg/g soil, respectively. The lethality of these phenylpropanoids was almost similar to that of either carbofuran or metam‐sodium but was lower than that of fosthiazate. In vapor‐phase mortality bioassay, EC and EMC were more effective in closed container than open containers, indicating that the mode of delivery of these compounds was, in part, a result of vapor action. K. galanga rhizome‐derived materials, merit further study as potential nematicides and hatching inhibitors for the control of M. incognita populations.

反應性染料에 의한 綿織物의 捺染에 關한 硏究

李年純,朴惠羅,羅美香 영남대학교 자원문제연구소 1991 資源問題硏究 Vol.10 No.-

In order to investgate the change of dye adsorption and printing effect by alkali concentration steaming time, and dyeing paste, cotton fabric was printed with the reactive dyes. The results are as follows : 1. The most effect of dye adsorption showed at 0.5% Na2CO₃to dyeing paste for C. I. Reactive Blue28 and 1% Na2CO₃for Blue 198. 2. The effect of dye adsorption was practically unchanged according to the increase of steaming time for printing was 10 min. 3. The most effect of printing showed at 3% paste to dyeing paste. 4. The colorfastness to laundering of each dye was excellent and the lightfastness was good, but the colorfastness to perspiration was poor more or less. 5. It was found that the colorfastness was not influenced by alkali concentration and steaming time.

Network Analysis을 이용한 류마티스관절염 활액 대식세포에서 유전자 발현 연구

지종대 ( Jong Dae Ji ),김태환 ( Tae Hwan Kim ),이빛나라 ( Bit Na Ra Lee ),최성재 ( Sung Jae Choi ),이영호 ( Young Ho Lee ),송관규 ( Gwan Gyu Song ) 대한류마티스학회 2011 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objective. We wanted to investigate the mechanisms that could account for the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, so we examined the different expressions of the genes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid macrophages as compared with that of normal peripheral blood (PB) monocyte-derived macrophages using microarray and bioinformatic analysis. Methods. We examined the expression of genes by using a gene expression oligonucleotide microarray. The differences of the gene expressions between the RA synovial macrophages and the normal PB monocytes-derived macrophages were analyzed using bioinformatic tools, including cytoscape and its plugin. Results. In this study, we found that 899 genes (464 genes up-regulated and 435 genes down-regulated) were differentially expressed between the two groups. Among the 899 genes, 552 genes were included for gene ontology analysis and network analysis. Based on biological process ontology, they were categorised mainly into immune response processes, responses to stimulus and signaling and regulation of biological processes. In addition to the genes related with STAT1 and AP-1 signaling, we found that the genes involved in the antigen processing and the cell cycle are abundantly expressed in RA synovial macrophages, suggesting that these genes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. Conclusion. Our study suggest that this approach using integration of the gene expression profile with the protein interaction data may help to find several important pathogenic mechanisms in RA.

하이퍼 파라미터 최적화 기법을 적용한 이상 거래 탐지 시스템

이원준(Won-Joon Lee),서민혜(Min-Hye Seo),신나라(Na-Ra Shin) 대한전자공학회 2021 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.6

This paper proposes new Fraud Detection System with Hyper-parameter Optimization to develop for the limitations of existing FDS. We use Hyper-parmeter Optimization Algorithm that Naïve Evolution Algorithm(based Genetic Algorithm) and Tree-structured Parzen Estimator Algorithm(based Bayesian Optimization Algorithm). The main result of this study is TPE Algorithm shows better AUPRC values in less time than the Naïve Evolution Algorithm on two FDS Data Sets. The contribution of this paper is the improvement of FDS with HPO algorithm.

An Efficient Conversion of Aldoximes into Nitriles Using N, N-Diphenylcarbamoyl Chloride

이나라,이재인 德成女子大學校 1996 德成女大論文集 Vol.26 No.-

The reaction of aldoximes and N, N-diphenylcarbamoyl chloride with DBU afforded to give the corresponding nitriles in high yields. Among the bases and the solvents for the dehydration of aldoximes, DBU and acetonitrile were found to be the most effective. The dehydration of aldoximes was considered to proceed via the intermediacy of the oxime carbamate and the dehydration of benzaldoximes having electron withdrawing group proceeded faster.

혈액투석 환자에게서 발생한 재생불량성 빈혈 1예

정지용,윤나라,강대웅,오종찬,장재현,선길홍,박경희,정종훈,김현리 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Aplastic anemia is a disease characterized by pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and hypocellular bone marrow with the fatty infiltration. The causes of the acquired aplastic anemia were usually related to drugs and immune-related diseases. A 34-years old man was admitted due to general weakness. He has been going hemodialysis for 2 years because of end stage renal disease (ESRD) due to chronic glomerulonephritis. At admission, laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 6.2 g/dL, hematocrit 18.0 %, WBC 5,710mm (neutrophil 71.8%, lymphocyte 19.1%, monocyte 5.9%), reticulocyte 1.9%, platelet 93,000/mm, Fe 12.8 ug/dL, TIBC 204 ug/dL, ferritin 941.47 ng /ml, haptoglobin 0.72 g/L, vitamin B12 508.17 pmol/L, folate 24 ng/mL, total protein 6.54 g/dL, albumin 3.76 g/dL, Alk. pohsphatase 79 IU/L, AST 30.0 IU/L, ALT 39.7 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.57 mg/dl, BUN 79.4 mg/dl and creatinine 10.18 mg/dl. Peripheral blood smear showed the normocytic normochromic anemia with anisocytosis. Anemia was diagnosed but it was irresponsive to the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) and blood transfusion. In the bone marrow aspiration smear were there the hypoplastic myeloid and erythroid precursors. The bone marrow biopsy section showed the hypoplasia of all components (10-20%) and the fatty infiltration. We have experienced one case of the idiopathic aplastic anemia in a patient going through hemodialysis and we just report it with documentary records. 저자들은 혈액 투석 중인 환자에서 약물, 면역계 이상등의 원인을 발견할 수 없었음에도 재생 불량성 빈혈이 발생한 1예를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

대학생의 우울정도 : 간호학전공과 타전공대학생을 중심으로

김지연,류나은,이소라,이지희,정윤정,주지연,황인혜 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2012 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.46

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate sample’s general characteristics and compare depression degree among sample’s general characteristics and students’ major(nursing vs. other major). Methods: The subjects consisted of 318 university students. Data was collected by self-reported questionnaires, which were constructed BDI score. Data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC WIN 19.0 program. Results: The depression of nursing students and other major students was not significantly different according to BDI score. Statistically significant difference was identified among sleeping. Conclusion: Specific study focused on the practice time should be done to confirm the depression of nursing major and other majors. Detailed support programs which specifically deal with sleeping should be developed to effectively reduce the harmful effects of individual vulnerability. Therefore, prevention and management system to reduce depression degree for university students is needed.

사회과 세계시민교육을 위한 교수-학습 방안 : 세계적 문제에 대한 민감성 함양을 중심으로

김경은,이나라 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2012 교과교육학연구 Vol.16 No.1

세계화가 진행됨에 따라 이에 따른 상황에 대처하고 발생되는 문제들을 해결하는데 참여하는 자질을 함양하기 위한 세계시민교육이 요청되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 학교 현장에서는 일회적 성격을 띤 타문화에 대한 체험활동, 세계적 이슈에 대한 인지적 내용의 학습이 주를 이루고 있어 해당 교육 목표를 달성하는데 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 학교에서 쉽게 활용 가능하고, 세계와 소통하며 공동체 발전에 참여하는 시민의 자질 함양에 유용한 교수-학습 방안을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 사회과 세계시민교육의 의미를 재고찰하고 우리나라에서 진행되고 있는 세계시민교육의 현황과 문제점을 분석하였다. 분석 결과를 토대로 교수-학습 방안을 개발하였다. 더불어 실제 활용될 수 있는 중학교 사회 수업 예시를 제시하였다. 기존 문헌에 대한 분석 결과, 세계시민교육의 의미를 고려했을 때 우리나라의 세계시민교육의 주된 문제점 중의 하나는 학생들의 실질적인 태도 배양과 참여를 이끌어내지 못한다는 점이었다. 이에 지식과 실천간 연계 가능성에 초점을 둔 세계적 문제에 대한 민감성 함양을 위한 교수-학습 방안을 개발하였다. 개발된 교수-학습 방안은 ‘세계와 나 관계 맺기, 문제에 대해 이해하고 공감하기, 해결방안 모색하기, 자기 평가’의 총 4단계로 구성되었다. 더불어 해당 교수-학습 방안에 기초한 중학교 사회 수업 사례(세계적 경제문제, 환경문제)를 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to suggest teaching and learning methods for social studies global education. To achieve this aim, we first reexamined the meaning of global education and analyzed the current situation and problems associated with it in Korea. Second, we developed a basic format and steps for a model based on the analyzed results. Third, we propose teaching and learning methods for promoting sensitivity to global problems. In addition, we present lesson plans which could be used for social studies instruction in middle schools. We ascertained that the current global education program was not useful in fostering global citizenship, especially with respect to attitudes such as participation. We, therefore, designed a teaching and learning methodology focusing on the connection between knowledge and practice, and sensitivity to global issues. The developed model is composed of four steps. The first step is to relate world and the self, the second is to understand various aspects of global issues, the third is to discover solutions, and the last step is self-evaluation. We introduce two lesson plans that were applied to this model. One of them is about world economic problems and the other is about environmental problems.