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Degradation Mechanisms of a Li-S Cell using Commercial Activated Carbon
Norihiro Togasaki,Aiko Nakao,Akari Nakai,Fujio Maeda,Seiichi Kobayashi,Tetsuya Osaka The Korean Electrochemical Society 2023 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.14 No.4
In lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, encapsulation of sulfur in activated carbon (AC) materials is a promising strategy for preventing the dissolution of lithium polysulfide into electrolytes and enhancing cycle life, because instead of solid-liquid-solid reactions, quasi-solid-state (QSS) reactions occur in the AC micropores. While a high weight fraction of sulfur in S/AC composites is essential for achieving a high energy density of Li-S cells, the deterioration mechanisms under such conditions are still unclear. In this study, we report the deterioration mechanisms during charge-discharge cycling when the discharge products overflow from the AC. Analysis using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry confirms that the sulfur in the S/AC composites migrates outside the AC as cycling progresses, and it is barely present in the AC after 20 cycles, which corresponds to the capacity decay of the cell. Impedance analysis clearly shows that the electrical resistance of the S/AC composite and the charge-transfer resistance of QSS reactions significantly increase as a result of sulfur migration. On the other hand, the charge-discharge cycling performance under limited-capacity conditions, where the discharge products are encapsulated inside the AC, is extremely stable. These results reveal the degradation mechanism of a Li-S cell with micro-porous carbon and provide crucial insights into the design of a S/AC composite cathode and its operating conditions needed to achieve stable cycling performance.
Primary Liver Cancer Registry in Japan: How Has It Been Evolving?
( Norihiro Kokudo ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Since 1969, The Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) has been conducting nationwide surveys on primary liver cancerpatients every 2 or 3 years. After the 4th survey in 1978, patient data were collected using personal data sheet and the patientswere followed-up until death or the most recent survey. The participating hospitals were LCSGJ member institutions numbering400-600, and these surveys are estimated to cover 1/4 to 1/3 of all liver cancer patients treated in Japan. These surveys werebased on the “General Rules for the Clinical and Pathological Study of Liver Cancer” proposed by LCSGJ and have been servingas valuable big clinical database for the clinical research.According to the most recent report of the 19th follow-up survey (Kudo 2016 Hepatol Res 46:372-), a total of 20,850 primaryliver cancer patients newly registered at 482 medical institutions over a period of 2 years (from 1 January 2006 to 31 December2007). Of these, 94.7% had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 4.4% had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). In addition,follow-up data were obtained regarding 34,752 patients who were registered in the previous survey.Patient data collection following Act on the Protection of Personal Information (2003) has been a big issue and we have adoptedelectrical data collecting system since 2004. From 2016, our survey was integrated in National Clinical Database(http://www.ncd.or.jp), the national mega-database collecting more than one million surgical procedures conducted in Japanevery year.
( Norihiro Furusyo ),( Ahmed H. Walaa ),( Kunimitsu Eiraku ),( Kazuhiro Toyoda ),( Eiichi Ogawa ),( Hiroaki Ikezaki ),( Takeshi Ihara ),( Takeo Hayashi ),( Mosaburo Kainuma ),( Masayuki Murata ),( Jun 대한간학회 2011 Gut and Liver Vol.5 No.4
Background/Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric malignancies, and its eradication has been advocated by many groups. We determined the H. pylori carrier status and eradication rates of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: In total, 76 chronically HCV-infected patients were enrolled for comparison with 228 HCV-noninfected, age- and sex-matched controls. H. pylori infection was confirmed by H. pylori antibody and urea breath testing. Results: The H. pylori infection rate was significantly higher for HCV-infected patients (67 of 76, 88.2%) than for HCV-noninfected controls (158 of 228, 69.3%). Endoscopic fi ndings showed that the rates of gastric ulcers and gastritis were significantly higher for the 67 HCV-infected patients with H. pylori infection (34.3% and 77.6%) than for the 158 HCV-noninfected controls with H. pylori infection (15.2% and 57.6%). Treatment to eradicate H. pylori had a signifi cantly higher success rate for HCV-infected patients (61 of 67, 91.0%) than for HCV-noninfected controls (115 of 158, 72.8%). Conclusions: The markedly high H. pylori eradication rate observed in this study shows that eradication of H. pylori holds promise for the improvement of the long-term health condition of patients with chronic HCV infection. (Gut Liver 2011;5:447-453)
Application of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in Liver Resection
( Norihiro Kokudo ),( Yoshikuni Kawaguchi ) 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Background: Fluorescence imaging has been recently used for an intraoperative real-time navigation worldwide. The aim of thisreport is to demonstrate liver resection that guided by fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) as a fluorescencesource.Method: Three fluorescence imaging systems (PDE-neo, Hamamatsu Photonics; Olympus Medical Systems; PINPOINT, Novadaq)were used. ICG (Diagnogreen; Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan) was administered as follows. Liver cancer identification: intravenousICG injection at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg as a routine liver function test within 2 weeks before surgery. Biliary anatomy visualization:intravenous ICG injection (1 mL) or intrabiliary ICG injection (0.025 mg/mL) after intubation in the operating room. Identificationof regions flown by portal vein: ICG injection (0.25 mg = 0.1 mL) to tumor-bearing portal veins after diluting it in 5 mL of indigo-carmine solution (20 mg, Daiichi Sankyo).Results: Liver cancer identification: hepatocellular carcinoma can be identified as fluorescence due to impaired ICG excretionfunction in cancerous tissue compared to non-cancerous tissues. Biliary anatomy visualization: during surgery, the common bileduct was visualized after intrabiliary ICG injection. Identification of regions flown by portal vein: a tumor-bearing hepatic segmentwas visualized by injecting ICG with indigo-carmine under intraoperative ultrasonographic guidance. ICG fluorescence-guidedanatomic liver resection: Portal vein branches feeding the cancer-bearing hepatic segments were visualized longitudinally andpunctured with a 22G needle under IOUS guidance, followed by injection of ICG (0.25 mg 1/4 0.1 mL ICG) diluted in 5 mL ofindigo-carmine solution (20 mg, Daiichi Sankyo).Conclusion: Fluorescence imaging navigation facilitates identification of liver cancer, the bile duct, and hepatic segment andis expected to enhance the safety and efficacy during liver surgery.
Norihiro Shimomura,Miyuki Matsuda,Kunio Aryiyoshi,Teruyuki Matsumoto,Tadanori Aimi 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회지 Vol.8 No.4
Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th. M. Fr. (=R. rubescens Tul. & Tul.), known as “shoro” in Japan, is a hypogeous basidiomycete that is an important ectomycorrhizal symbiont of Pinaceae. In order to cultivate this edible ectomycorrhizal mushroom, several researches have tried to promote mycorrhization of this mushroom on host Pinus thunbergii roots: Pine seedlings were inoculated with mycelium in vitro, or with crushed fruiting bodies in nature. However, successful cultivation of this mushroom has not been fully refined. We have developed the useful mycelial inoculum that enable to produced abundant ectomycorrhizas and then to form fruiting body under greenhouse nursery conditions. We selected the superior strain that rapidly colonized and produced a lot of ectomycorrhizas in root of P. thunbergii. The mycelial inoculum was composed of mineral solution and homogenate of mycelium that had been cultured in liquid medium. Addition of surfactant in the mycelial inoculum resulted in stimulation of mycorrhzal formations in host roots. When the mycelial inoculum containng surfactant were introduced to the mother plant system in which the colonized seedling had been planted into in the nursery, stimulatally effects were observed on not only mycorrhzation of the seedlings but also fruiting body formation. Genotype analysis using microsatellite markers for R. roseolus showed that fruiting bodies produced in the nursery were originated from the inoculated strain. These results suggest that the mycelial inoculum containg surfactant could be the model of mycelial spawn for “shoro”.
Reference in Dialogues and Shared Belief Revision
( Norihiro Ogata ),( Tadayuki Matsuzawa ),( Akira Ishikawa ),( Hisashi Komatsu ) 한국언어정보학회 1995 국제 워크샵 Vol.1995 No.-
We shall show how to treat shared belief revision and reference management in the process of dialogues by distinguishing three types of discourse referents: (standard) discourse referents, shared discourse referents, and the shared belief referent, using an extended version of Discourse Representa?tion Theory, called Hyper-DRS, which can represent shared beliefs semantically in a notation based on hyper-sets (sets in non-well-founded set theory).
Review : Molecular mechanisms of luteinization
( Norihiro Sugino ) 대한산부인과학회 2014 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.57 No.2
Dynamic changes in steroidogenesis occur in ovarian granulosa cells during ovulation after the LH surge. The ovulatory LH surge induces rapid up-regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and rapid down-regulation of aromatase (Cyp19a1) in granulosa cells undergoing luteinization during ovulation. These rapid changes in StAR and Cyp19a1 gene expression after the LH surge efficiently facilitate progesterone production, which plays a crucial role in ovulation and the following luteinization. Recently, it has become clear that epigenetic regulation such as histone modifications and DNA methylation play a key role in gene expression through the chromatin remodeling of the promoter region. This study reports the in vivo evidence that epigenetic mechanisms including histone modifications, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling are involved in the rapid changes of StAR and Cyp19a1 gene expression in granulosa cells undergoing luteinization during ovulation.