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Natarajan Sudhakar,Thangarajan Rajkumar,Kamalalayam Raghavan Rajalekshmy,Nirmala Karunakaran Nancy 대한혈액학회 2017 Blood Research Vol.52 No.1
Background: This study characterized clonal IG heavy V-D-J (IGH) gene rearrangements in South Indian patients with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (precursor B-ALL) and identi-fied age-related predominance in VDJ rearrangements. Methods: IGH rearrangements were studied in 50 precursor B-ALL cases (common ALL=37, pre-B ALL=10, pro-B ALL=3) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) heteroduplex analysis. Twenty randomly selected clonal IGH rearrangement sequences were analyzed using the IMGT/V-QUEST tool. Results: Clonal IGH rearrangements were detected in 41 (82%) precursor B-ALL cases. Among the IGHV1-IGHV7 subgroups, IGHV3 was used in 25 (50%) cases. Among the IGHD1-IGHD7 genes, IGHD2 and IGHD3 were used in 8 (40%) and 5 (25%) clones, respectively. Among the IGHJ1-IGHJ6 genes, IGHJ6 and IGHJ4 were used in 9 (45%) and 6 (30%) clones, respectively. In 6 out of 20 (30%) IGH rearranged sequences, CDR3 was in frame whereas 14 (70%) had rearranged sequences and CDR3 was out of frame. A so-matic mutation in Vmut/Dmut/Jmut was detected in 14 of 20 IGH sequences. On average, Vmut/Dmut/Jmut were detected in 0.1 nt, 1.1 nt, and 0.2 nt, respectively. Conclusion: The IGHV3 gene was frequently used whereas lower frequencies of IGHV5 and IGHV6 and a higher frequency of IGHV4 were detected in children compared with young adults. The IGHD2 and IGHD3 genes were over-represented, and the IGHJ6 gene was predom-inantly used in precursor-B-ALL. However, the IGH gene rearrangements in pre-cursor-B-ALL did not show any significant age-associated genotype pattern attributed to our population.
Error Rate and Capacity Analysis for Incremental Hybrid Daf Relaying uning Polar Codes
Natarajan Madhusudhanan,ajamanickam Venkateswari 한국전자통신연구원 2018 ETRI Journal Vol.40 No.3
The deployment of an incremental hybrid decode‐amplify and forward relaying scheme is a promising and superior solution for cellular networks to meet ever‐growing network traffic demands. However, the selection of a suitable relaying protocol based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio threshold is important in realizing an improved quality of service. In this paper, an incremental hybrid relaying protocol is proposed using polar codes. The proposed protocol achieves a better performance than existing turbo codes in terms of capacity. Simulation results show that the polar codes through an incremental hybrid decode‐amplify‐and‐forward relay can provide a 38% gain when γth(1) and γth(2) are optimal. Further, the channel capacity is improved to 17.5 b/s/Hz and 23 b/s/Hz for 2 × 2 MIMO and 4 × 4 MIMO systems, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to achieve the optimal solution.
Natarajan, Prakash,Khan, Hassnain Abbas,Yoon, Sungho,Jung, Kwang-Deog Elsevier 2018 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.63 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Five PtSn catalysts with different PtSn particle sizes were prepared using one-pot and co-impregnation methods for n-butane dehydrogenation. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the prepared catalysts is proportional to the PtSn metal particle size, while the selectivity to n-butenes is inversely proportional to that. The PtSn(OMSO) catalyst with a worm-like pore structure has the smallest PtSn particle size and the largest metal surface area, which exhibits the highest selectivity and specific activity among five PtSn catalysts. Additionally, the PtSn(OMSO) catalyst exhibits the highest stability. PtSn particles on PtSn(OMSO) are stabilized in the pores of the worm-like structure.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mesoporous alumina with worm-like structure was formed by sonication treatment. </LI> <LI> One-pot method is effective for dispersing PtSn particles on meso-alumina. </LI> <LI> PtSn catalysts with worm-like pores outperformed those with cylindrical pores. </LI> <LI> TOF of Pt on bimetallic PtSn catalysts is proportional to Pt metal dispersion. </LI> <LI> C<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>=</SUP> selectivity is affected by size of PtSn particles and Sn coverage on Pt. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Problems in Instrumentation of Syndromic Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies – Case Reports
Natarajan Muthukumar 대한척추신경외과학회 2019 Neurospine Vol.16 No.2
The aim of this study is to highlight the complications of instrumentation in the setting of syndromic craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies. The records of patients with syndromic CVJ anomalies treated by this author during the period of 2012–2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients in whom intraoperative difficulties and complications were encountered were culled out from the database. Complications were divided into (1) technique related, (2) neural injury, (3) vascular injury, (4) instrumentation pull out/breakage, (5) inaccurate screw placement and, (6) where postoperatively, the surgeon felt an alternate surgical technique could have yielded better results. Four patients with either unexpected intraoperative difficulties or complications or in whom the technique could have been refined were identified. There were 2 patients with proatlas segmentation anomalies and 2 with Morquio’s-Brailsford disease. The first patient had cage migration which necessitated a second procedure during craniovertebral realignment, the second had partial penetration of the screw into the transverse foramen, the third with bipartite atlas underwent a C1–2 fixation without a horizontal cross-connector and, the fourth had screw pull outs from the subaxial cervical spine intraoperatively during an attempted occipitocervical fusion. In children with syndromic CVJ anomalies, the surgeon should be aware of the high risk of intraoperative difficulties and complications. Potential pitfalls and the ways to avoid these complications are discussed.
Control of Input Series Output Parallel Connected DC-DC Converters
Natarajan, Sirukarumbur Pandurangan,Anandhi, Thangavel Saroja The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2007 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.7 No.3
Equal rating DC-DC converter modules can be connected in series at the input for circuits requiring higher input voltages and in parallel at the output for circuits requiring higher output currents. Since the converter modules may not be practically identical, closed loop control has to ensure that each module equally shares the total input voltage and the load current. A control scheme consisting of a common output voltage loop, individual inner current loops and individual input voltage loops have been designed in this work to achieve input voltage and load current sharing as well as load voltage regulation under supply and load disturbances. The output voltage loop provides the basic reference for the inner current loops, which are also modified by the respective input voltage loops. The average of the converter input voltages, which is dynamically varying, is chosen as the reference for input voltage loops. This choice of reference eliminates interaction among different control loops. Type II compensators and Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) are designed and compared through MATLAB based simulation and FLC is found to be satisfactory. Hence TMS320F2407A DSP based FLC is implemented and the results are presented which prove the superiority of the FLC developed for this research.