Measurement of the higher-order anisotropic flow coefficients for identified hadrons in Au + Au collisions at_sNN=200GeV

Adare, A.,Afanasiev, S.,Aidala, C.,Ajitanand, N. N.,Akiba, Y.,Al-Bataineh, H.,Alexander, J.,Aoki, K.,Aramaki, Y.,Atomssa, E. T.,Averbeck, R.,Awes, T. C.,Azmoun, B.,Babintsev, V.,Bai, M.,Baksay, G.,Bak American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review C Vol.93 No.5

<P>Measurements of the anisotropic flow coefficients v(2){Psi(2)}, v(3){Psi(3)}, v(4){Psi(4)}, and v(4){Psi(2)} for identified particles (pi(+/-), K-+/-, and p + (p) over bar) at midrapidity, obtained relative to the event planes Psi(m) at forward rapidities in Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV, are presented as a function of collision centrality and particle transverse momenta p(T). The v(n) coefficients show characteristic patterns consistent with hydrodynamical expansion of the matter produced in the collisions. For each harmonic n, a modified valence quark-number N-q scaling [plotting v(n){Psi(m)}/(N-q)(n/2) versus transverse kinetic energies (KET)/N-q] is observed to yield a single curve for all the measured particle species for a broad range of KET. A simultaneous blast-wave model fit to the observed v(n){Psi(m)}(p(T)) coefficients and published particle spectra identifies radial flow anisotropies rho(n){Psi(m)} and spatial eccentricities s(n){Psi(m)} at freeze-out. These are generally smaller than the initial-state participant-plane geometric eccentricities epsilon(n){Psi(PP)(m)} as also observed in the final eccentricity from quantum interferometry measurements with respect to the event plane.</P>

GLOBULAR CLUSTER POPULATIONS: RESULTS INCLUDING S⁴G LATE-TYPE GALAXIES

Zaritsky, Dennis,McCabe, Kelsey,Aravena, Manuel,Athanassoula, E.,Bosma, Albert,Comeró,n, Sé,bastien,Courtois, Helene M.,Elmegreen, Bruce G.,Elmegreen, Debra M.,Erroz-Ferrer, Santiago,Gadot American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.818 No.1

<P>Using 3.6 and 4.5 mu m images of 73 late-type, edge-on galaxies from the S(4)G survey, we compare the richness of the globular cluster populations of these galaxies to those of early-type galaxies that we measured previously. In general, the galaxies presented here fill in the distribution for galaxies with lower stellar mass, M-*, specifically log(M-*/M-circle dot) < 10, overlap the results for early-type galaxies of similar masses, and, by doing so, strengthen the case for a dependence of the number of globular clusters per 10(9)M(circle dot) of galaxy stellar mass, T-N, on M-*. For 8.5 < log(M-*/M-circle dot) < 10.5 we find the relationship can be satisfactorily described as T-N = (M-*/10(6.7))(-0.56) M-* is expressed in solar masses. The functional form of the relationship is only weakly constrained, and extrapolation outside this range is not advised. Our late-type galaxies, in contrast to our early types, do not show the tendency for low-mass galaxies to split into two T-N families. Using these results and a galaxy stellar mass function from the literature, we calculate that, in a volume-limited, local universe sample, clusters are most likely to be found around fairly massive galaxies (M-* similar to 10(10.8)M(circle dot)) and present a fitting function for the volume number density of clusters as a function of parent-galaxy stellar mass. We find no correlation between T-N and large-scale environment, but we do find a tendency for galaxies of fixed M-* to have larger T-N if they have converted a larger proportion of their baryons into stars.</P>

Representation of solutions of a system of five-order nonlinear difference equations

M. BERKAL,K. BEREHAL,N. REZAIKI 한국전산응용수학회 2022 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.40 No.3

In this paper, we deal with the existence of solutions of the following system of nonlinear rational difference equations with order five x_{n+1}=\frac{y_{n-3}x_{n-4}}{y_n(a+by_{n-3}x_{n-4})},\quad y_{n+1}=\frac{x_{n-3}y_{n-4}}{x_n(c+dx_{n-3}y_{n-4})},\quad n=0,1,\cdots, where parameters a, b, c and d are not executed at the same time and initial conditions x_{ -4}, x_{-3}, x_{ -2}, x_{-1}, x_{0}, y_{-4}, y_{-3}, y_{-2}, y_{-1} and y_{0} are non zero real numbers.

Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Biological Studies of Chromium(III), Manganese(II), Iron(III), Cobalt(II), Nickel(II), Copper(II), Ruthenium(III), and Zirconyl(II) Complexes of N¹,N²-Bis(3-((3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene-amino)pr

Al-Hakimi, Ahmed N.,Shakdofa, Mohamad M.E.,El-Seidy, Ahemd M.A.,El-Tabl, Abdou S. Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.3

[ $N^1,N^2$ ]bis(3-((3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene-amino)propyl)phthalamide ($H_4L$, 1) 의 새로운 크롬(III), 망간(II), 철(III), 코발트(II), 니켈(II), 구리(II), 루테늄(III) 및 산화 지르코늄(II) 착물을 합성하여 원소분석, 물리적 성질 및 분광학적으로 특성을 규명하였다. 분광학적 결과를 통해 이 리간드는 $[H_4LMX_2(H_2O)]{\cdot}nH_2O$ (M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), X = Cl 또는 $NO_3$)의 일반식을 갖는 착물2-5에서는 중성의 삼배위 리간드로 행동한다. 또는 $[H_4L(ZrO)_2Cl_2]{\cdot}8H_2O$ 의 일반식을 갖는 착물 6-9 에서는 이염기성 육배위 리간드로 행동한다. DMF 용액에서의 몰전기전도도 실험결과 이들 착물은 비이온성을 나타낸다. 고체 구리착물 2, 5 및 6 의 ESR 스펙트럼에서 $g_{\parallel}$ >g> $g_e$을 보이는데, 이는 일그러진 팔면체구조와 큰 공유결합성을 갖는 $d{_x}^2{_{-y}}^2$ 오비탈에 비공유 전자쌍이 존재함을 의미한다. 이합체 구리(II) 착물 $[H_2LCu_2Cl_2(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}3H_2O$ (6)에 대해 두 구리원자 사이의 거리를 ESR 스펙트럼으로부터 추정한 parallel component 의 field zero splitting 파라메타를 이용하여 계산하였다. 이들 화합물의 항박테리아 및 항균 활성도를 측정한 결과, 몇가지 금속 착물의 경우 표준시약인 tetracycline (박테리아) 및 Amphotricene B (균류)보다 더 큰 저해효과를 보였다. Novel chromium(III), manganese(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), ruthenium(III), and zirconyl(II) complexes of $N^1,N^2$-bis(3-((3-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)methylene-amino)propyl)phthalamide ($H_4L$, 1) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental, physical, and spectral analyses. The spectral data showed that the ligand behaves as either neutral tridentate ligand as in complexes 2-5 with the general formula $[H_4LMX_2(H_2O)]{\cdot}nH_2O$ (M=Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), X = Cl or $NO_3$), neutral hexadentate ligand as in complexes 10-12 with the general formula $[H_4LM_2Cl_6]{\cdot}nH_2O$ (M=Fe(III), Cr(III) or Ru(III)), or dibasic hexadentate ligand as in complexes 6-9 with the general formula $[H_2LM_2Cl_2(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}nH_2O$ (M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) or Mn(II), and 13 with general formula $[H_4L(ZrO)_2Cl_2]{\cdot}8H_2O$. Molar conductance in DMF solution indicated the non-ionic nature of the complexes. The ESR spectra of solid copper(II) complexes 2, 5, and 6 showed $g_{\parallel}$ >g> $g_e$, indicating distorted octahedral structure and the presence of the unpaired electron in the $N^1,N^2$ orbital with significant covalent bond character. For the dimeric copper(II) complex $[H_2LCu_2Cl_2(H_2O)_4]{\cdot}3H_2O$ (6), the distance between the two copper centers was calculated using field zero splitting parameter for the parallel component that was estimated from the ESR spectrum. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds showed that, some of metal complexes exhibited a greater inhibitory effect than standard drug as tetracycline (bacteria) and Amphotricene B (fungi).

Microneedle patch delivery to the skin of virus-like particles containing heterologous M2e extracellular domains of influenza virus induces broad heterosubtypic cross-protection

Kim, M.C.,Lee, J.W.,Choi, H.J.,Lee, Y.N.,Hwang, H.S.,Lee, J.,Kim, C.,Lee, J.S.,Montemagno, C.,Prausnitz, M.R.,Kang, S.M. Elsevier Science Publishers 2015 Journal of controlled release Vol.210 No.-

A broadly cross-protective influenza vaccine that can be administrated by a painless self-immunization method would be a value as a potential universal mass vaccination strategy. This study developed a minimally-invasive microneedle (MN) patch for skin vaccination with virus-like particles containing influenza virus heterologous M2 extracellular (M2e) domains (M2e5x VLPs) as a universal vaccine candidate without adjuvants. The stability of M2e5x VLP-coated microneedles was maintained for 8weeks at room temperature without losing M2e antigenicity and immunogenicity. MN skin immunization induced strong humoral and mucosal M2e antibody responses and conferred cross-protection against heterosubtypic H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 influenza virus challenges. In addition, M2e5x VLP MN skin vaccination induced T-helper type 1 responses such as IgG2a isotype antibodies and IFN-γ producing cells at higher levels than those by conventional intramuscular injection. These potential immunological and logistic advantages for skin delivery of M2e5x VLP MN vaccines could offer a promising approach to develop an easy-to-administer universal influenza vaccine.

문화와 인간의 안녕

Trần Ngọc Thêm 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2009 국제문화연구 Vol.2 No.1

Nearly throughout the history of development of human beings, from the very first stage of tribal security, ethical security, national security, to regional and global security, human being's concerns in security have just got the changes in quantity but not in quality. All the cares are in social security. It is the truth that social security and human security cannot be separated from cultural security. When human beings are still absorbed in caring social security, human security and cultural security are often violated seriously and roughly, not only from outside social environment such as the consequences of the invasion wars, the ruling and colonial policies, but also from within the huma! n beings themselves. Basing on the factual data presented in Vietnam society in recent years, the paper is to point out the model of six forms of cultural securities and discuss in details four of them which, respectively, are negative and inactive (A1) and positive and inactive (B2) in literal meaning; are positive and active (A3, B3) in both literal meaning and in broad sense.

Disposition and metabolism of (2S,3S,4R)-N''-cyano-N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxy methyl-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)-N'-benzylguanidine, a novel neuroprotective agent for ischemia-reperfusion damage, in rats

Kim, N. S.,Yoo, H. H.,Lee, M. W.,Kim, H. S.,Kim, D. H. Taylor & Francis 2007 Xenobiotica Vol.37 No.5

<P> The metabolism and disposition of KR31378 (a benzopyran derivative and a novel neuroprotective agent) were investigated following single oral or intravenous administration of [14C]-KR31378 to rats. [14C]-KR31378 was rapidly absorbed after oral dosing with an oral bioavailability of greater than 71%. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of total radioactivity in rat plasma increased proportionally to the administered dose. KR31378 was distributed over all organs and tissues except for brain, eyeball and testis, and declined by first order kinetics up to 24 h after dosing. Excretion of the radioactivity was 29.5% of the dose in the urine and 58.5% in the feces within 2 days after oral administration. Biliary excretion of the radioactivity in bile duct-cannulated rats was about 66.0% for the first 24 h. KR31378 was extensively metabolized by ring hydroxylation, O-demethylation, oxidation and reduction with subsequent N-acetylation and O-glucuronide conjugation. N-acetylated conjugates (M2, M10, M11, M12, M14, and M15) were identified as the predominant metabolites in rats.</P>

Effect of Antimuscarinic Autoantibodies in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome

Kim, N.,Shin, Y.,Choi, S.,Namkoong, E.,Kim, M.,Lee, J.,Song, Y.,Park, K. SAGE Publications 2015 Journal of dental research Vol.94 No.5

<P>The presence of functional autoantibodies against the muscarinic type 3 receptor (M3R) has been reported in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS). However, the pathogenic role of these autoantibodies in pSS development remains to be elucidated. In this experiment, we investigated a pathologic role of pSS autoantibodies (pSS IgG) associated with downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) molecule with M3R through internalization. Anti-M3R autoantibodies in purified control and pSS IgG were detected using 4 synthesized cyclic M3R peptides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The binding reactivity of pSS IgG to M3R in situ was analyzed by a dual immunostaining method. Surface expression, interaction, and internalization of M3R with MHC I were analyzed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and biochemical assays. Synthetic cyclic peptides M3RP(205-221) and M3RP(520-527) showed significantly high reactivity with pSS IgG compared to the control IgG or the other 3 peptides (P < 0.05). Significantly high reactivity of pSS IgG to M3R in situ was observed. PSS IgG increased the interaction of membrane M3R with MHC I and induced their internalization in primary human submandibular gland cells. The pSS IgG-induced internalization of M3R with MHC I was significantly inhibited by the cholesterol-sequestering drug filipin. Our novel findingnamely, strong downregulation of the membrane MHC I with M3R through internalization of the cholesterol-rich microdomain associating with anti-M3R autoantibodiescould be an important mechanism contributing to the impaired salivation seen in pSS and linking secretory hypofunction to autoimmune pathogenesis.</P>

Effects of high-k zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) interlayer on the electrical and transport properties of Au/n-type InP Schottky diode

Balaram, N.,Reddy, M. Siva Pratap,Reddy, V. Rajagopal,Park, Chinho Elsevier 2016 THIN SOLID FILMS - Vol.619 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The structural, chemical, electrical and carrier transport properties of high-k ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> on n-type InP with Au electrode have been studied by <U>X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)</U>, current-voltage (IV) and capacitance-voltage (CV) techniques at room temperature. Results show that the high barrier height is achieved for the Au/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/n-InP metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) diode as compared to the Au/n-InP metal-semiconductor (MS) diode. Using Cheung's functions, the barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance are estimated for the MS and MIS diodes. The barrier heights are determined by IV, Cheung's and surface potential-forward voltage plot for both the MS and MIS diodes which are found to be in good agreement with each other. Results indicate that the interface state density of Au/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/n-InP MIS diode is lower than that of Au/n-InP MS diode. This may be attributed to the fact that the introduction of the high-k ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> interlayer led to reduction of the interface state density in the Au/n-InP MS diode. Results indicate that the Poole-Frenkel emission is the dominant conduction mechanism in the lower bias region while Schottky emission is dominant in the higher bias region for both the Au/n-InP MS and Au/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/n-InP MIS diodes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effect of high-k ZrO<SUB>2</SUB> interlayer on electrical properties of Au/n-InP MS diode has been studied. </LI> <LI> High barrier height is obtained for Au/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/n-InP MIS diode compared to the MS diode. </LI> <LI> Interface state density of Au/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/n-InP MIS diode is lower than that of Au/n-InP MS diode. </LI> <LI> Transport properties of Au/n-InP MS and Au/ZrO<SUB>2</SUB>/n-InP MIS diodes have been investigated. </LI> </UL> </P>

Interannual variation in summer N₂O concentration in the hypoxic region of the northern Gulf of Mexico, 1985-2007

Kim, I.-N.,Lee, K.,Bange, H. W.,Macdonald, A. M. Copernicus GmbH 2013 Biogeosciences Vol.10 No.11

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Microbial nitrous oxide (N₂O) production in the ocean is enhanced under low-oxygen (O₂) conditions. This is especially important in the context of increasing hypoxia (i.e., oceanic zones with extremely reduced O₂ concentrations). Here, we present a study on the interannual variation in summertime nitrous oxide (N₂O) concentrations in the bottom waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM), which is well-known as the site of the second largest seasonally occurring hypoxic zone worldwide. To this end we developed a simple model that computes bottom-water N₂O concentrations with a tri-linear ΔN₂O/O₂ relationship based on water-column O₂ concentrations, derived from summer (July) Texas-Louisiana shelf-wide hydrographic data between 1985 and 2007. &amp;Delta;N₂O (i.e., excess N₂O) was computed including nitrification and denitrification as the major microbial production and consumption pathways of N₂O. The mean modeled bottom-water N₂O concentration for July in the nGOM was 14.5 ± 2.3 nmol L⁻¹ (min: 11.0 ± 4.5 nmol L⁻¹ in 2000 and max: 20.6 ± 11.3 nmol L⁻¹ in 2002). The mean bottom-water N₂O concentrations were significantly correlated with the areal extent of hypoxia in the nGOM. Our modeling analysis indicates that the nGOM is a persistent summer source of N₂O, and nitrification is dominating N₂O production in this region. Based on the ongoing increase in the areal extent of hypoxia in the nGOM, we conclude that N₂O production (and its subsequent emissions) from this environmentally stressed region will probably continue to increase into the future.</p> </P>