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        Comparative proteomic analysis of non-embryogenic and embryogenic callus, somatic and zygotic embryos of Theobroma cacao L.

        N’goran Georges Poh Konan,Minyaka Emile,Nzi Jean-Claude,Kouassi Modeste Kan,Kouamé Christophe,N’dri Denis,Djeni Theodore N’dede 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.5

        The induction, development, and maturation of somatic embryos in cocoa are subjected to numerous failures during the various development stages. Understanding the biochemical/molecular events governing somatic embryogenesis in T. cacao will help to overcome these failures. The present study focused on cocoa somatic embryogenesis proteomic variations with the aim to shed light on the constraints of somatic embryos during their development stages (induction, expression, and maturation). These were investigated using combinations of LC–MS/MS coupled with TripleTOF 5600 + and Orbitrap Fusion methods during cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) somatic embryogenesis. Non-embryogenic callus (NC), embryogenic callus (EC), somatic embryos (ESN), and zygotic embryos (EZM) were used as samples. Sample analyses followed by bioinformatics research identified a total of 1762 proteins. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were derived from NC (429), EC (301), ESN (911), and EZM (511) and classified according to ontological categories. The analysis of KEGG pathways in NC and EZM showed that they were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. While in EC and ESN, they are enriched in endoplasmic reticulum protein processing. Based on protein–protein interaction analysis, proteins in EC and ESN were highly regulated and involved in environmental stress. On the other hand, proteins in NC and EZM, highly regulated were involved in energy metabolism. This proteomic study provides clues to understand the low rate of conversion to plant in somatic embryogenesis and helps to build a model for improved culture medium.

      • Numerical study of effect of membrane properties on long-cycle performance of vanadium redox flow batteries

        Wei, Zi,Siddique, N.A.,Liu, Dong,Sakri, Shambhavi,Liu, Fuqiang Techno-Press 2016 Advances in energy research Vol.4 No.4

        Fundamental understanding of vanadium ion transport and the detrimental effects of cross-contamination on vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) performance is critical for developing low-cost, robust, and highly selective proton-conducting membranes for VRFBs. The objective of this work is to examine the effect of conductivity and diffusivity, two key membrane parameters, on long-cycle performance of a VRFB at different operating conditions using a transient 2D multi-component model. This single-channel model combines the transport of vanadium ions, chemical reactions between permeated ions, and electrochemical reactions. It has been discovered that membrane selecting criterion for long cycles depends critically on current density and operating voltage range of the cell. The conducted simulation work is also designed to study the synergistic effects of the membrane properties on dynamics of VRFBs as well as to provide general guidelines for future membrane material development.

      • Fracture properties prediction of clay/epoxy nanocomposites with interphase zones using a phase field model

        Msekh, Mohammed A.,Cuong, N.H.,Zi, G.,Areias, P.,Zhuang, X.,Rabczuk, Timon Elsevier 2018 Engineering fracture mechanics Vol.188 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We predict the macroscopic tensile strength and fracture toughness of fully exfoliated nano silicate clay epoxy composites accounting for the interphase behavior between the polymeric matrix and clay reinforcement. A phase field approach is employed to model fracture in the matrix and the interphase zone of the polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs) while the stiff clay platelets are considered as linear elastic material. The effect of the interphase zones, e.g. thickness and mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and strain energy release rate) on the tensile strength, and fracture parameters of the composite is studied in detail. The dissipation energy due to fracture in the PNCs is extracted for different thicknesses and properties of the interphase zones. We show through numerical experiments that the interphase thickness has the most influence on the tensile strength while the critical strain energy release rate of the interphase zones affects the dissipation energy depending on the interphase zone thickness.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A phase field model for fracture in heterogeneous structure. </LI> <LI> A hybrid hierarchical/concurrent multiscale method for fracture in polymer-matrix composites. </LI> <LI> A phase field model for matrix and interphase fracture in polymer-matrix composites. </LI> <LI> Extraction of fracture related material properties for various input parameters, particularly for the interphase zone. </LI> </UL> </P>

      • Hybrid nanogenerator and enhancement of water–solid contact electrification using triboelectric charge supplier

        Wijewardhana, K. Rohana,Shen, Tian-Zi,Jayaweera, E.N.,Shahzad, Amir,Song, Jang-Kun Elsevier 2018 Nano energy Vol.52 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Artificially embedded surface charges can dramatically improve the output energy of water–solid contact electrification devices, but the embedded charges easily escape or are cancelled out by adsorption of opponent ions in ambient conditions. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid energy harvesting nanogenerator by combing water–solid and solid–solid contact electrification schemes. It consists of a water–solid contact electrification device and wind-fluttering ribbons that regularly supplies triboelectric surface charges on the solid surface and hence, the high density of surface charges can remain on the surface. This scheme can enhance the harvesting energy by up to a factor of 30 during rain. Moreover, the fluttering ribbons independently collect electric energy from mild winds without rain. This scheme provides a facile, cost-effective, and robust approach to enhance the energy-harvesting efficiency of a water–solid contact electrification device and to combine the energy harvesting from simultaneous rain and wind.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hybrid nanogenerator combining an EDL device and triboelectric ribbons was demonstrated. </LI> <LI> The hybrid nanogenerator produces electricity in both rainy and windy conditions. </LI> <LI> Wind-driven ribbons provides triboelectric charges, producing 30-times more electricity. </LI> <LI> It provides a solution to enhance the electrification efficiency in water–solid nanogenerators. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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