華夷觀과 조선조 사대부의 對外認識

조명화(Cho Myung-Hwa) 한국중어중문학회 2012 中語中文學 Vol.51 No.-

“The sense of Hwa- Yi”(華夷觀) - The distinction of China Civilization vs Outer Civilization - is not only the ideology needed to govern China domestically, but the principle of the international relationship which China demanded to surrounding nations, It had a far-reaching influence on the internal systems of many East -Asian countries as well as China. Therefore, we can find that “The sense of Hwa-Yi”(華夷觀) is the major topics of many realms related to East-Asian nations, not to mention China-related realms. This study aims to examine how “Sadaebu(士大夫)” - the ruling class of Chosun dynasty - accepted “The sense of Hwa-Yi”(華夷觀) which originated in China, how they applied it in governing the nation and formulating the diplomatic relation with China, and especially how it affected the perception on foreign nations among Chosun Sadaebu. “Sadaebu” of the later Chosun dynasty advocated Chosun-Sinocentrism, belief that since the Ming dynasty was perished the Sinocentric civilization remained only In Chosun, It was intended in part as a means to exalt the national self-respect. Contrary to some criticism that to judge the latter part of the Chosun dynasty from this point of view is a sort of nationalism, Chosun-Sinocentrism among the ruling class of the later Chosun dynasty is Quite different from the aggressive nationalism which was prevalent in Europe and Japan, It served mainly as a means to enhance the cultural self-respect. We can point out the mistakes of Chosun-Sinocentrism that it degraded to the empty idealism by placing lOa much emphasis on self-identity, and that it was recognized as a general principle, though the true nature and intention of Chosun-Sinocentrism was only a means to encourage the self-respect. Due to revulsion against the fact that other race than the Han occupied the home of the Sinocentric Civilization, the ruling class of the later Chosun dynasty rejected the Qing dynasty firmly and continuously, The sentiment of revulsion lasted too long, and it resulted in the distorted foreign relations of the Chosun dynasty. Owing to the perverted perception, Korean people spent nearly 100 years without understanding China exactly. It is very important for Korean people to understand China exactly in the first place, in order to get the correct perception on the foreign countries, It is possible by exactly understanding the perception on China in the past. Therefore, we need to comprehend the cause and effect of the distorted recognition on China among Chosun Sadaebu.

아로마요법이 혈액투석환자의 불안과 우울에 미치는 효과

이명화,고광욱,송명숙,우경미,조선화 대한기초간호자연과학회 2004 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.6 No.1

Introduction : Chronic hemodialysis patients have been psychological problems because of being compelled to follow a dialysis schedule for a long period of time. Specificially, depression and anxiety are so frequently observed that psychological management is requireed for most hemodialysis patients. Fragnance has been known to have beneficial psychological and physiological effects on human. This study was designed to investigate the psychological effect of aromatherapy on chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods : 40 subjects of this study selected from Je Young-Sung Internal Medicine Clinic in Busan. The experimental group were random assigned to 20 subjects who had visited on Monday,& Wendesday & Friday and received aromatherapy every day for 2 weeks. the control group were random assigned to 20 subjects who had visited on Tuesday & Thursday & Saturday and did not receive any intervention. Experiment had been conducted from July. 7th July 21, 2003 and anxiety by Spilberger's state anxiety scale and depression by Zung's Scale were measured in the course of aromatherapy for both experimental group and control group. A control period consisting of natural hospital smells was established before each test session, and then aromatic test conditions were systematically evaluated for odorless conditions as well as aromatic conditions containing 100% lavender necklace for 2 weeks. Data were analyzed by, frequency, percentage, mean, S.D. χ²- test, t-test. Results : 1) Anxiety scores were not significantly decreased in the experimental group(54.57±13.20) after treatment compared to the control group(49.45±12.41)(t=1.225, p=.228). 2) Depression scores were significantly decreased in the experimental group(43.95±5.63) after treatment compared to the control group(49.65±9.84)(t=-2.367, p=.023). Conclusions : These findings indicate that the aromatherapy may decreased depression. It is suggested that the aromatherapy could be an effective nursing intervention to reduce to depression by chronic hemodialysis patients.

암환자가 지각한 사회적지지, 희망과 삶의 질과의 관계

태영숙,강은실,이명화,박금자 고신대학교 전인간호과학연구소 2002 전인간호과학연구 학술모음집 Vol.- No.-

The Relationship among Percieved Social Support, Hope and Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Tae, Young Sook. Kong, Eun Sil. Lee, Myung Hwa. Park, Geum Ja The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among percieved social support, hope and Quality of life of the cancer patients and to gain the baseline data for development of nursing intervention program for promoting quality of life in cancer patients. The design of this study was a cross sectional correlational survey. The subjects were 220 out and in-cancer patients in 5 general hospitals in Pusan The data were collected from July 2 to August 1,2001. The instruments were the Percieved social support scale(16 items, 5 point scale) had developed by Tae(1986), Hope scale(12 items, 4point scale) developed by Nowotny(1989) and Quality of life scale(31 items, 10 point scale) developed by Tae et. al(2000). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency & percentage, item mean & standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study was as follows : 1) The item mean score of quality of life was 6.05±1.16 (range 0-10) .The heighest score of subarea of the quality of life was the spiritual wellbeing area (7.09±1.63) and the lowest score was social wellbeing area(5.53±1.65). The mean score of perceived social support was 52.65±10.32 (최고 1, 최저 80). The mean score of family support was32.71±6.66 (range 1- 40) and the mean score of medical team support was 19.93±5.95 (range 1- 40). The mean score of Hope was 37.02±5.64 (range 1-48). 2) There were statistically significant difference in the score of quality of life according to the life effect of religion (F=3.97, p=0.00), treatment method(F=2.94, p=0.01), area of diagnosis (F=3.48, p=0.01), stage of disease (F=13.74, p= 0.00). 3) There was significant correlation between perceived social support(r=0.44, p= 0.000 ; family support: r=0.334, p=0.000, medical support; r=0.395, p=0.000), hope(r=0.563, p= 0.000) and quality of life. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship among perceived social support, hope and quality of life. Therefore perceived social support, hope intervention programs should be developed to improve the quality of life in cancer patients.

금속촉매산화계에 의한 단백질과 DNA의 산화적 손상에 대한 Candida Protetor의 효과

김명희,김강화 全南大學校家政科學硏究所 1993 生活科學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

Candida pseudotropicalis로부터 분리 정제된 항산화단백은 메르캅탄을 포함한 금속촉매산화계에 의한 대장균 글루타민합성효소의 불활성화 및 효소 단백의 분절을 억제하였을 뿐 아니라 DNA의 분절 또한 억제하였으나 전자공여체로서 아스코르브산을 포함한 금속촉매산화계에 의한 산화적 손상은 억제하지 못하였다. 그러나 아스코르브산을 포함한 금속촉매산화계에 의한 DNA의 분절은 디티오트레이톨 존재시 Candida 항산화단백에 의하여 억제되었는 바 Candida 항산화단백은 금속촉매산화계를 억제하개 위하여 메르캅탄을 요구하는 것으로 보인다.

건강가정지원센터 가정생활교육 프로그램 운영 및 성과 : 용산구·숙명여자대학교 시범사업을 중심으로

김명자,계선자,박미석,장진경,김연화,한은주,류진아 한국가족관계학회 2005 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study is to propose a model for service programs and management strategies for the division of family education in Healthy Families Center. For the purpose, the researchers find out demands for the family education programs of people in Yong-San Gu, Seoul, exam the effect of each family education program of Yong-San Gu & Sookmyung Women's University Healthy Families Center from June to December, 2004. According to the results, people in Yong-San Gu need economic education service mostly, and they want to study at Saturday afternoon. The programs show positive effect on the improvement of family health.

珍島産 枸杞子의 脂肪酸組成에 關한 硏究

李明烈,申惠盛,徐華中 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

These systematic analyses were carried out in order to investigate approximate compositions, and the isolation and identification of fatty acid in Lycii fructus (L.F.) by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. 1. L.F. contained 22.00% crude proteins, 12.19% crude lipids and had 134 iodine value. 2. L.F. contained 12.19% total lipids, of which free and bound forms were 11.40% and 0.79% respectively. Free forms were mosty consisted of neutral lipids (97.80%), and in bound forms 58.20% neutral lipids, 15.50% glycolipids and 26.30% phospholipids. 3. Triglyceride was the most abundant component, and ES, FFA, FS, DG and MG were fractionated and identified in neutral lipids of the free form, and ES, TG, FFA, FS and DG in the bound form. 4. MGDG was contained more than 5 times in glycolipids of bound form and no difference were observed between both forms in phospholipids. 5. The highest content of fatty acids was linoleic acid (C_18=2) In free and bound forms, and oleic acid (C_18=1), palmitic acid (C_16=0) and linolenic acid (C_18=3) were found in abundance.

就學前 兒童의 營養實態 調査 : 全南 靈光郡을 中心으로 Young Gwang Gun, Chun Nam

徐華中,朴垠暻,李明烈 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

The following questionares were made through interview with their mothers of 400 children (226 male and 174 female) in Moo Ryong-ri and Do Dong-ri, Young Gwang Gun, Chun Nam, from July 22 to August 2 in 1985. ① The height and body weight of the male and female-children were above the standard all through the ages except for the 1 and 2 year-old male-children in body- weight. ② In early childhood nutrition 50.50% of subjects was breast feeding, 20.75% bottle-fed and combination-fed. In weaning period 40% of subjects was weaned within 6 months after birth, 46% of them was between 7-12 months and 14% of them were weaned after 13 months. ③ The composition rate of carbohydrates was lower than the other areas as that of carbohydrates, fat and protein was 55~75% : 12~27% respectively. ④ Snacks were served 2.7 times a day to them on the average, and were mainly eaten fruits, biscuits, cakes and ice creams. The children of 174 had an unbalanced diet and their liked mainly meats. ⑤ In food preference, the favorite foods were biscuits, fruits, milks and ice creams. The unfavorite foods were vegetables (such as onions), pepper foods, meats and food included lots of oil.

현대복식에 나타난 에로티시즘(Eroticism)의 표현양식에 관한 연구

李京和,韓明淑 服飾文化學會 1999 服飾文化硏究 Vol.7 No.1

The Psychology of putting on clothes has close relation with sexuality, and eroticism is of important in clothing. Present article aims to understand eroticism correctly and to make it evaluated as an art in modern fashion and as an aesthetic to experss woman's beauty. Modern eroticism in fashion may be divided into direct, indirect and symbolic expression made. The result are as follows: First, direct made, a representation of desire to exhibit, expresses eroticism by exposition of body or physical curve with tight garment. Second, indirect made, a see-through technique using association, represents sexual appeal by imagination on body area hidden by clothes made of see-through material. And third, symbolic made expresses sexual libido by representing body area or clothes which symbolizing woman's sexuality using materials like fur or silk. Eroticism in modern clothing, therefore, should be understood as a beauty that is expressed by human artistic desire. Further studies are needed to explain the characteristics of eroticism in every culture because human nature is apt to form diverse kind of cultures.

韓美經濟關係에 있어서의 相互依存性

韓明華 명지대학교 사회과학연구소 1986 사회과학논총 Vol.1 No.-

입원 노인의 복약지도에 대한 교육요구 및 교육경험

김명신,이미화 노인간호학회 2006 노인간호학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Purpose: This study was a predicative survey to provide elderly hospital in-patients for analyzing their educational needs and educational experience about medication teaching. Method: The subjects consisted of 114 elderly hospital in-patients. Data were collected by researcher, who directly interviewed with them through questionnaires from April 26th to May 7th, from July 20th to Aug. 3th in 2006. The questionnaires for data collection were developed through reference review. The collected data was analyzed by using frequency, percentile, mean, variation, t-test, ANOVA on SPSS 12.0 package. Results: There were past medication related characters of elderly hospital in-patients: circulatory-related illness was the most common disease; 76.3% of them took medicine; 65.8% of them didn't know medicine name; 67.5% of them knew effect of medicine. There were present medication related characters of elderly hospital in-patients: present illness with hospitalized was neurogenic and cerebrovascular disease(59.6%); 95.6% of them took medicine; 90.4% of them didn't know medicine name; 59.6% of them knew effect of medicine. Educational needs of medication teaching were 75.6% and its mean were 94.54±15.54. They required discharging from hospital(4.51±0.68), whenever medicine was changed(4.36±0.79), the effect of medicine (4.35±0.82), the time take medicine(4.31±0.72); the most teaching method they required was “explain with words”(4.20±0.84). Educational experience were 30%. They experienced when hospitalized initially(45.6%), whenever medicine was changed(41.2%), the effect of medicine (64.0%); the most teaching method they experienced was “explain with words”(69.3%). Conclusion: The elderly hospital in-patients educational needs were high, but experience were low. Therefore systematic educational programs about elderly hospital in-patients should be made on the base of this study.