항생제 대체제(앤타시드-100)의 급여가 젖소 송아지 육성에 미친 영향

명윤아,박덕섭,이인덕,남명수,이형석,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This study was carried out to develope an antibiotic substitute with some feed additive ingredients; activated charcoal, microbial products( Saccharomyces cerevisiae), sodium bentonite and pyroligneous. Sixty Holstein male calves(control 30 and tested 30 calves) were assigned to one of two diets, control(containing commercial antibiotic) and treatment diet (containing antibiotic substitute) with three replicates(10 calves each). The experiment were carried out for 30 days. The daily weight gains were similar between control(1.01kg/d) and treatment groups(1.01kg/d), however feed requirement were lower for treatment calves (2.80kg) than control calves (3.24kg) (P<0.05). Also calves were more health for treatment calves than control calves for diarrhea and respiratory diseases occurrences. The ammonia concentration of feces were lower for treatment calves(2.67 ppm) than for control calves(6.33 ppm) (P<0.05). No statistical difference were found in blood substances between control and treatment calves(P>0.05). In conclusion, the calve performances were improved by substitute without commercial antibiotic additive. 본 연구는 항생제를 대체할 목적으로 동물체의 활성을 가져오는 원료로 알려져 있는 활성탄과 목초액, sodium bentonite, 홍삼박, 생균제를 선별하여 이들 원료로 구성된 항생물질 대체제를 개발하여 홀스타인 수송아지에 급여하였을 때 생산성에 미치는 효과를 규명하고자 수행하였다. 송아지의 일당증체량은 대조구(1.011kg), 처리구(l.0lkg)간에 유의적인 차이가 없었고(P>0.05), 사료 요구율은 대조구 3.24에 비하여 처리구 2.80로 처리구에서 유의적인 개선효과를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 설사 발생률은 동일하였으나 분 상태는 처리구가 양호하였고, 호흡기 질병은 처리구에서는 발생하지 않았다. 분 중 NH₃ 농도는 대조구(6.33 ppm)에 비하여 처리구(2.67 ppm)에서 뚜렷한 개선 효과를 보였고(P<0.05), 혈액 수치는 대조구와 처리구가 유사하였다. 항생물질 대체제를 급여한 처리구가 시판 항생제 첨가사료급여군(대조구)에 비하여 증체에서는 다소 낮은 성적을 나타냈지만 질병 발생 없이 유사한 성적을 낸 것은 대체물질이 가축 소화기관의 활성화, 사료의 소화율 증진 등에 영향을 나타내어 동물의 활력이 증진되므로 항생제의 사용 없이도 양질의 축산물을 생산할 수 있는 결과를 얻었다.

착유우 사료에 대한 Aspergillus oryzae 발효물질 첨가가 in vitro 건물, 섬유소 및 단백질 소화율과 발효액의 pH에 미치는 영향

명윤아,박덕섭,이수기,박종수,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물이 in vitro 건물, 섬유소 및 단백질 소화율과 pH에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 균종 Aspergillus oryzae는 한국 생명공학연구원에서 분양받았으며, 본 연구에 사용된 사료는 시중 유통중인 착유우용 배합사료와 TMR 사료로서, 일반성분 분석은 (주)우성사료 중앙실험실에서 실시하였고, 건물, 섬유소 및 단백질 소화율 실험은 충남대학교 실험실에서 실시하였다. 배합사료와 TMR에 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물 0, 1.0, 2.0 및 3.0%를 첨가한 후, Holstein종 착유우로부터 채취한 반추위액에 시료 2.0g 내외를 넣어 진탕배양기에서 24, 48 및 72시간 소화시켰다. 침전물에 0.2% pepsin이 들어있는 0.1N HCl 30ml를 넣고 39℃ incubator에서 48시간 소화시키고 나서, 마지막으로 침전물을 60℃의 건조기에서 48시간 건조시켰다. 실험은 3회 반복하여 실시하였다. 건물 소화율은 Aspergillus oryzae 발효물을 첨가하지 않은 대조구에 비해 24시간 배양시킨 배합사료의 경우 2.1%(63.1%), 9.7%(68.5%) 및 9.0%(68%) 개선되었고, TMR은 4.8%(60.0%), 6.4%(61.1%) 및 2.9%(58.8%)의 개선효과가 있었다. 이와 대조적으로, 48시간 및 72시간 배양시킨 시험구의 건물 소화율에 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물이 미치는 영향은 24시간 배양시보다 상대적으로 낮은 경향을 보였다. 섬유소에서 소화율에서 Aspergillus oryzae가 조섬유, ADF 및 NDF 소화율을 유의적으로 개선시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 배합사료에서 3% 첨가구의 경우 24시간 배양시 13.3%(53.3), 72시간 배양시 2.4%(54.6%)까지 증가되었다. 하지만, 첨가수준에 따라 소화율이 높아졌음에도 불구하고 첨가수준별 개선효과에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 단백질 소화율은 Aspergillus oryzae 배양물 첨가에 의해 배합사료에서 0.4%(79.7)에서 9.4%(71.8%)의 유의적인 개선효과를 나타내었지만, 2.0%와 3.0% 첨가구간의 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. TMR의 경우에는 4.0%(70.4%)에서 6.3%(65.1%)의 유의적인 소화율 향상을 나타내었지만 2.0%와 3.0% 첨가구간의 유의적인 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 본 연구에서, pH 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, Aspergillus oryzae 배양물 첨가에 따라 pH가 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그러므로 본 발효물은 pH에는 영향을 미치지 않으나 건물, 섬유소 및 단백질 소화율 향상에는 다소 효과가 있는 것으로 결론을 내릴 수가 있다. This study was conducted to examine the effects of an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture on the in vitro digestibilities of dry matter, crude fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein and pH in vitro experiment of diets for dairy cows. A fungal species, Aspergillus oryzae was supplied by Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea (KCTC 1229). The experimental diets were commercial compound feed(concentrate) and total mixed ration (TMR) for lactating cows, of which chemical analyses were determined at Research and Development Institute, Woosung Feed Co.. Ltd.. while the digestibilities were done at the laboratory of Chungnam National University. Aspergillus oryzae culture products were added to compound feed and TMR at the rate 0, 1.0. 2.0, 3.0% respectively. The experimental diet with the rumen fluid sampled from Holstein fresian milking cows were used and digested for 24 hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs in the shaking incubator. The residues of the digesta were digested for 48hrs in the incubator in which put 30㎖ of 0.1N HCI with 0.2% pepsin at 39℃. The final precipitates were dried for 48hrs in the drier at 60℃. These experimental procedures were triplicated to determine the in vitro digestibility of dry matter. crude fiber. ADF, NDF, crude protein and pH. Compared to control diet, not added Aspergillus oryzae, the DM digestibility of fungal diets were improved 2.1%(63.1%), 9.7%(68.5%) and 9.0%(68.0%) for 24 hour fermentation in compound feed while 4.8%(60.0%), 6.4%(61.1%) and 2.9%(58.8%) in TMR. On the contrary. for 48 hour and 72 hour digestibilities, the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture on the digestibility of dry matter were relatively lowered compared to 24 hour digestibility. Referring to the digestibility of dietary fiber, Aspergillus oryzae was believed to significantly improve digestibilities of crude fiber, ADF and NDF. Those were increased up to 13.3%(53.3%) for 24 hour fermentation while 2.4%(54.6%) for 3.0% added for 72 hour fermentation in compound feed. However, there were no signifiant differences among the treatments for the inclusion rate of Aspergillus oryzae, even though the more inclusion rate, the better digestibility. The protein digestibilities were significantly unproved from 0.4%(79.7%) to 9.4%(71.8%) by adding Aspergillus oryzae into compound feed. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental diets. 2.0% and 3.0% Aspergillus oryzae included diets. In case of TMR, the protein digestibilities were significantly unproved from 4.0%(70.4%) to 6.3%(65.1%) by adding Aspergillus oryzae. However, there were no significant differences between the two experimental diets, 2.0% and 3.0% Aspergillus oryzae included diets. In this study, there were no significant differences among the treatments in pH. On the contrary, there were slightly decrease in pH by adding Aspergillus oryzae into experimental diets but not significant. Summarizing the results of this examination, Aspergillus oryzae fermentation culture is believed to improve the digestibilities of dry matter, fiber and crude protein in cattle diets. However, more detailed research for the mechanism of the fungal culture is required to improve ruminal environment.

最近 十年間 우리나라 主要死因의 變化推移에 關한 硏究

金得祚,尹太永,崔重明,朴淳永,柳東俊 慶熙大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The authors have made and attempt to examine the transition of the leading causes of death in Korea recently since 1984 by analytically reviewing the annual statistical data on the causes of death for the latest ten years reported mainly from the National Statistical Office and other informative materials. The results were summarized as follows: 1. After the inverting period of the 1970s and early 1980s changing remarkably from the communicable to the non-communicable disease, the leading causes of death were changed to the chronic degenerative diseases such as circulatory disease and malignant neoplasms recently. 2. With the particularly increasing deaths due to the unintentional accidents since the mid-1980s, circulatory disease, malignant neoplasms, and accidents became the three leading causes of death, and accounted for about 66.5 percent of the total deaths in 1993. 3. Concerning the sex-specific leading causes of death, currently they were malignant neoplasms, accidents, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver disease, and heart disease in males, and cerebrovascuar disease, malignant neoplasms, heart disease, accidents, and hypertensive disease, malignant neoplasms, heart disease, accidents, and hypertensive disease in females in that order respectively. 4. As to the leading causes of death by the age-groups, they were congenital anomaly and infectious disease at infantile age; accidents and unintentional injury at ages 1-39year: malignant neoplasms, circulatory disease, and chronic degenerative disease at ages 40-69years; and circulatory disease, senility and other chronic degenerative disease at ages 70 and over respectively. 5. In reviewing the transition of the leading causes of death, communicable diseases formidably prevailed for the past decades were rapidly decreased recently, and chronic degenerative disease, So-called, "Chronic Illness" such as circulatory disease, malignant neoplasms, and chronic pulmonary disease are in tendency of continuous increase year by year. Although chronic liter disease seems to be stationary in incidence now-a-days, additionally, its level of death is still relatively high. And the death rates due to all kinds of accidents are remarkably increasing. Overall, accidents and unintentional injuries were the third leading cause of death and accounted for about 15 percent of the total deaths.

만성 심부전환자의 혈액에서 측정한 Tumor necrosis factor-α 및 Interleukin-6의 임상적 의의

김명구,김성구,박상호,한대희,강진환,변정득,심규혁,최병조,방덕원,온영근,현민수,권영주 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.2

Background and objectives: Many conditions are responsible for the pathophysiology and progressive mechanisms of congestive heart failure. More recently, it has also become evidence that another class of biologycally activated molecules generically reffered to as cytokine these are also over expressed in congestive heart failure. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6) in mild to severe symptoms of heart failure and compare their values with those found in normal control and analysed correlation relationship between cytokine level, clinical findings and hemodynamic indicies. Subjects and Methodology: Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured on pulmonary artery during cardiac catheterization in heart failure patients(n=32) and normal subjects(n=8) as well as physical examination and echocardiogram. Cytokines assay were performed on plasma using commercially available ELISA(Enazyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kits. Results: Although the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 tend to increase in congestive heart failure group, the cytokines level was not made significantly statistical difference between congestive heart failure group and controls. When analyzing the correlation between the levels of PCWP(pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) and cytokines(TNF-α, IL-6), respectively, there were statistically significant correlation coefficient 0.32,(p<0.05), 0.39(p<0.01). The cytokine IL-6 and pressure of pulmonary artery were significant correlation.(correlation coefficient 0.36, p<0.02) More significantly, there was correlated with TNF-α and IL-6.(correlation coefficient 0.57, p<0.001) Conclusions: There was tended toward high concentration of TNF-α & IL-6 in congestive heart failure and significant difference for PCWP between TNF-α & IL-6, thus may be correlated with development and progression in congestive heart failure.

大腿 및 下腿 屈伸群筋의 等速性 토크와 스파이크 점프력과의 關係

朱明德 師範大學 體育硏究所 1987 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to provide the scientific data for improvement of spike jump performance in volleyball players. 16 college volleyball players were selected as subjects of this experiment. Each subject's leg flexion and extension, and foot plantal-dorsal flexion peak torque was determined isokinetically on a Cybex at speeds of 180˚/sec and 60˚/sec. The spike jump performance was determined for each subject by using Sergeant Jump Meter and correlations among the measures of peak torque and the spike jump were calculated. Multiple regression analysis was applied among the peak torque of the knee flexors, knee extensors, ankle plantal flexors and the spike jump. The results were as follows: 1. The peak torque of knee extensors was the highest-level among the measures of peak torque at speeds of 180˚/sec and 60˚/sec, respectively. 2. The peak torque ratio of knee extensors was higher than that of ankle plantal flexors and the knee flexors also greater than ankle dorsal flexors at speeds of 180˚/sec and 60˚/sec, respectively. 3. The relationship between knee extensors and ankle plantal flexors were significant at speeds of 180˚/sec and 60˚/sec, respectively (r=0.799:p<0.01, r=0.373:p<0.05). 4. The knee extenors, knee flexsors, and ankle plantal flexors significantly correlated with the spike jump at speed of 180˚/sec, respectively (r=0.696, r=0.642:p<0.01). In contrast, nonsignificant correlations were found at speed of 60˚/sec. 5. The spike jump performance was predicted about 53.4% by peak torque of the knee extensors, knee flexors, and ankle plantal flexors at speed of 180˚/sec.

정상 교합자의 비인두와 Adenoid 성장에 관한 누년적 연구

지명주,박경덕,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구는 비인두와 adenoid의 성장발육 양상을 조사하여 부정교합자의 진단에 있어 비호흡 기능 평가시 유용한 기준을 얻기 위하여 시행되었다. 남자 19명, 여자 14명, 총 33명의 정상 교합자를 대상으로 8.5세부터 18.5세까지 촬영된 10년간의 누년적 측모 두부 X선 규격사진을 연구 자료로 비인두와 adenoid 부위의 거리와 면적 및 상대적 기도 비율을 계측 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 각 연령(8.5세-18.5세)에서 남녀별 각 계측항목의 평균과 표준 편차를 얻었다. 2. 비인두의 height와 depth는 남자에서 14.5세까지, 여자에서 12.5세까지 성장하였다(p<0.05). 3. 비기도의 상대적 면적은 8.5세에 최소치를 나타내었고 남자는 10.5세부터 12.5세 사이에, 여자는 12.5세부터 14.5세 사이에 유의한 증가를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 4. 비기도의 상대적 면적과 비기도 관련 계측항목 간의 상관분석에서 Ad2-PNS, Ad2-PNS/Ho'-PNS 및 Upper pharynx가 남녀 모두 전 연령구간에서 비기도의 상대적 면적과 상관성이 있었다(p<0.01). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth pattern of nasopharyx and adenoid and to obtain useful measurements for evaluating the fuction of the nasal breathing. The biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 33 samples(19 male, 14 female) with normal occlusion from 8.5 years to 18.5 years of age were used in this study. The distances, areas and ratios on nasopharynx and adenoid were measured and analyzed in each age and sex. The results of this study might be summarized as follows; 1. The mean value and standard deviation of each measurement was obtained in each age and sex. 2. The nasopharyngeal height and the nasopharyngeal depth increased significantly by 14.5 years of age in male and 12.5 years of age in female(p<0.05). 3. The relative nasal airway area showed the minimal value at 8.5 years of age and showed significant increase from 10.5 years to 12.5 years of age in male and from 12.5 years to 14.5 years of age in female(p<0.05). 4. In the correlation analysis between the measurements on the nasal airway and the measurement of relative nasal airway area, the measurements of Ad2-PNS, Ad2-PNS/Ho'-PNS and Upper pharynx appeared significant correlation with the measurement of relative nasal airway area(p<0.01).

항혈청으로 처리된 Acanthamoeba species,YM-4의 형태학적 변화

임명준,민득영,김경민 한양대학교 의학교실 1988 한양의대 학술지 Vol.8 No.2

Free-living amebas including Acanthamoeba species and Naegleria species may cause primary amebic meningo-encephalitis in human and experimental animals, and they are widely distributed in the natural circumstances. Acanthamoeba species, YM-4, isolated from gill of freshwater fish, carassius carassius, was experimentally proved as a pathogenic strain for mice. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of antiserum on fine structure of this ameba. Amebas were subcultured in casitone, glucose and vitamin (CGV) medium. For the experiment amebas were inoculated in mixed medium containing 20% (v/v) of antiserum for 2 hours, and the observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The trophozoites projected many acanthopodia and the shape was irregular on SEM. 2. Antiserum-treated trophozoites showed round, immobilized ones without projection of acanthopodium on SEM. Partial destruction of plasma membrane was often observed. 3. On TEM normal trophozoites were consisted of acanthopodia, large and round nucleus, food and contractile vacuoles, Golgi-complex, endoplasmic reticula, mitochondria, spongiomes around contractive vacuoles, and peroxisomes. 4. Antiserum-treated trophozoites showed partial destruction of plasma membrane, and projections of acanthopodium were rarely observed. In nucleus chromatin materials were aggregated, and on the wrinkled and irregular nuclear membrane ribosomal arrangement was increased. In the endoplasms decreased numbers of ribonsomes, glycogen particles and lipid droplets were observed. Rough endoplasmic reticula were increased in distribution and often seen around mitochondria. Sometimes they surrounded mitochondria. Mitochondria were edematous and degenerated. Spongiome and peroxisome were could be not distinguished and not confirmed. With above results it is presumed that specific antiserum destructs plasma membrane directly, and induces disturbances of ion exchanges and cell respiration follwing immobilization and cell lysis.

1개월 이상 금연 성공의 예측인자 : 일개 대규모 산업장 금연운동 결과를 대상으로

하명화,이덕희 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : We evaluated demographic, socioeconomic, smoking-related, other health behavior, and disease factors associated with smoking cessation. Methods : This study included 5,493 male employees in a steel manufacturing industry, who smoked at health examination underwent in 1998. Quitters were defined as those who had stopped smoking at least one month prior to re-examination in 1999. The information on related factors was collected by self-administered questionnare. Results : At 12 months of follow-up, 1,955 patients (35.6 %) had quit smoking. The quit rate was higher in middle-aged, white collar, and high rank personnels. The quit rate increased with decreasing amount of cigarette, decreasing duration of smoking, and increasing age of starting smoking. There were higher quit rates among smokers who drank less or exercise. However, the existence of disease did not affect the quit rate. Conclusion : This study showed that many demographic, socioeconomic, smoking-related and other health behaviors associated with smoking cessation. These results could be of use in the other worksite smoking cessation campaigns to enhance the quit rate.

한국학생들의 영어권 교육체계로의 이동현상과 가족에 미치는 영향

조명덕 경원전문대학 2000 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

In recent years, the number of Korean students shifted to English education system in their younger age has increased. The article tries to explain this phenomena. Four different type of shifts are explained. It can be explained by a push factor and a pull factor. The push factor is a limited chance, a high competition and a outdated curriculum of Korean education system. The pull factor is English fluency, more chances, and a friendly environment of English education system. However, they had to pay considerable costs for the shift. In addition to the economic cost, family had to live apart which sometimes lead to the family break-down. The innovation of Korean education system can provide more educational chances to Korean students and can absorb those students who want to enter English education system paying high costs.

시판 스낵식품의 일반성분, 무기질 함량과 지질의 지방산 조성

申明德,金乙祥 단국대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of breakfast cereal products sold in market. The samples used in this study were selecred in terms of the product type and their material, and were compared in their contents and the cost of 30g sample(as one serving size). The snack foods were analyzed in the proximate composition, the minerals and the composition of fatty acids. The effect of supplementation with each nutrient was investigated when 30g of cereal was served sith 120ml of milk, 50g of one egg and 100g of one apple. There was no difference between the weight values determined in this study and those showed on food labellings. The costs of the oat and wheat germ products were higher than of others, while that of barley products was the lowest. Protein contents of the snack foods were ranged 4.7∼33.0% and that of wheat germ product was 33.0%. Lipid contents were ranged 0.1∼9.2%, and that of wheat germ product was the highest (9.2%). The energy contents per 100g were ranged 369∼410Kcal. Calcium contents of the snack foods were considerably low and the iron contents were high. The variation of fatty acid composition was wide. As the nutritional value of 30g of cereal products was very low, it would be more effective to take cereals with milk, egg and fruit. Through the nutritional adequacy was mostly contributed from having milk, one egg and fruit for one meal size, this one may not give enough nutrients except iron.