박남수 시의 재인식 : ‘이미지’에 가려진 분단의 상처

이명찬(Yi Myung-Chan) 한국시학회 2011 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.31

It is not an exaggeration that Korea’s modern history has been a series of hardships by governmental power, which has tried to deprive citizens of right to speak. During the periods of president Yi, Soong-man’s dictatorship, the Korean War, and subsequent military dictatorship, social prohibition has dominated the life of people, and Korean people have been harassed by rigid censorship. Therefore, the situation of these times is referred to as ‘Social aphasia.’ However, for defector poets like Park, Nam -soo, defecting from North Korea was imposed as the additional condition of such oppression. Therefore, it would be truly difficult for Park, Namsoo to express the ugly society by pushing through the double burden which made poet silent. In this regard, the image of bird, created by Park, Namsoo was estimated to be a symbol for speaking the pain of people’s life in South Korea in a roundabout way. Accordingly, we should not see Park, Nam-soo as a descendant of the modernist poets. In regard to the evaluation on the poems of Park, Namsoo, only his second poem collection, God’s Trash would be suitable for the poems of a modernist. The core concern of the Poet, Park, Nam-soo was regarding the embodiment of remaining scars due to the division of Korea. His lifetime’s work as a poet was to recover the life in his hometown, where his mother and grandmother was living under the name of beginning (始原). It is supposed that the poetic way of Park, Nam-soo based on the restrained language intended to control his overflowing nostalgia in his mind.

산문시론 시고(試考)

이명찬(Yi Myung-chan) 한국시학회 2016 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.45

현재 중등교육 현장에 널리 퍼져 있는 이상한 용어 가운데 하나가 ‘산문적 리듬’이라는 이해하기 힘든 말뭉치이다. 이 용어는 우리 문학 교육의 현장에서 ‘산문: 운문, 정형시: 자유시: 산문시, 운율: 내재율’ 등의 개념들에 대한 명확하게 합의된 규정들이 존재하지 않기 때문에 생겨난 혼란의 한 예라고 할 수 있다. 그리고 그러한 혼란의 책임은 당연히 중등교육의 담당자들이 아니라 관련 연구를 진행하고 있는 대학의 연구자들에게 있다. 현재 운영 중인 사이버 상의 각종 사전이나 오랜 기간 학계에 영향력을 행사해온 문학 원론들, 시론들에 이미 이런 혼란들이 꾸준히 노출되어 있었기 때문이다. 산문시란 당연하게도 산문 형식의 서정시를 가리킨다. 그리고 산문 형식이라는 말은 운율 배제라는 조건을 전제로 성립하는 어법이다. 이에 비해 정형시란 외형적으로 드러난 형식적 틀에 맞춘 시를 가리킨다. 그리고 자유시는 그 일정한 틀은 버리되 시인 개인의 개성에 따라 다양한 운율적 요소들을 자유롭게 구현하는 시라고 정의할 수 있다. 운율이 없는 서정시가 곧 산문시라는 개념을 바탕으로 ‘산문적 리듬’이라는 용어를 이해해 보면, 그것은 결국 그러한 시의 완결성을 높이고 전달력을 강화하기 위해 시의 최종 구성 단계에서 사용되는 각종의 장치들의 기능을 가리키는 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 문단과 문단을 이어 글전체를 유기적으로 연결하면서 어조나 감정의 강약을 조절하여 독자에게 감동과 영향력을 행사하는 텍스트의 힘을 일러 ‘리듬’이라 불렀던 것이다. One of the corpora widely used in current secondary education is "prosaic rhythm", which is hard to understand. The term exemplifies the confusion arising from the absence of a clear consensus on such concepts as "prose vs. verse, rhymed verse vs. free verse vs. prosaic poem, and rhymes vs. inner rhythm" in the field of literary instruction. The foregoing confusion may well be attributable to not those in charge of secondary literary instruction but relevant researchers at universities on the grounds that such confusion has continuously been exposed in various dictionaries, literary and poetic theories that have influenced the academia over a long period of time. It is only natural to say that a prosaic poem refers to a lyric poem taking the form of a prose. The form of a prose assumes the condition that rhymes are excluded. In contrast, a rhymed verse refers to a poem complying with an explicit formal framework. A free verse is defined as a poem that is free of a certain framework and intended to freely realize a range of rhyme components of a poet"s own volition. Based on the idea that a rhymeless lyric poem becomes a prose, the term "prosaic rhythm" refers to a range of poetic devices used in the final step of poetic composition to increase the poetic completion and enhance the delivery. A "rhythm" refers to the power of a text exerting influence and impression on readers by connecting paragraphs into an organically flowing text in its entirety whilst controling the tones or the emotional intensity.

도시특성을 고려한 교통유발계수 산정에 관한 연구 : 대전시를 중심으로 In the City of Daejeon

김명수,전찬용,황현종 한밭대학교 2004 한밭대학교 논문집 Vol.21 No.-

The biggest problem in urban transport is congestion. The purpose of this study is to understand "Electronic Road Pricing System, which is one of the traffic demand control plan for relieving such a traffic congestion, and look for the plans to improve it. For this, traffic inducement coefficient was selected, which shows the regional characteristic of Daejeon through investigation on each facility. As one can see from the investigated inducement coefficient, the same type of facilities show different characteristics. Also, it is thought that per unit burden charge that has been maintained for over 20 years should be raised relevantly in consideration to inflation. Also, it is thought that several ways have to be sought for the facility owners' active participation in the traffic volume reduction program. Studies like this research would bring the following items as their effect; Relieve traffic congestion(partly) and reduce the passage time. Personal benefits following fuel cost etc. Socio-economic effect following logistics cost and environmental pollutants etc.

高速道路 休日割增制의 介入效果分析

허명회,이종한,정용찬 高麗大學校統計硏究所 1987 應用統計 Vol.2 No.1

고속도로 休日割增制의 정책介入效果를 통계적으로 분석·평가하려는 것이 本 小考의 목적이다. 박스-젠킨스 방법에 의한 時系列 介入效果(intervention analysis)의 결과, 休日割增制로 인한 일요일·공휴일 승용차 통행량의 감소는 制度의 시행 전 기대했던 19.2%에 못 미치는 10.6%에 그치고 말았음을 알아내었다.

독립요소분석에서 누적분포함수를 사용한 신호분리

김웅명,박찬호,이현수 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 2001 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

In this paper, the aim is to solve blind source separation problem using ICA(Independent Component Analysis) in neural networks. ICA is method of joint entropy maximization from mixed signal(observed signal). However, when probability distribution function of unknown source signals are various, Infomax ICA can not separate the source signal from mixed signal because of using fixed activation function. Infomax ICA use To solve this problem, we use MWARP algorithm which can make adaptive activation function similar to the cumulative distribution function of source. Several experiments have been tested with three source signals uniform distribution noise, pure sinusoid and speech signal. The result shows that MWARP efficiently separates source signals.

구ㆍ미주 관광객의 인구 특성요인과 기대 요인에 따른 만족도에 관한 실증적 연구 : 한국 관광기념품 구매와 관련하여 In relation to purchasing Korean Tourism Souvenirs

박명찬,고종원 한국관광정보학회 2001 觀光情報硏究 Vol.- No.9

The purpose of this paper can be said to analyze the satisfaction and preference of Europe and the Americas tourists visiting Korea to local tourism souvenirs using data their population characteristics factors and expectation factors before purchasing. As the paper process, the bibliographic research on related data issued by the authorized research institution for the country's inside and outside and empirical research by the distribution and collection of questionnaire for the purpose of showing the desires of Europe and the Americas tourists to Korean souvenirs products were performed in parallel. The contents of this research are summarized as below. As mentioned above, this paper is divide by two parts, the relevance between the population factors and satisfaction degree to Europe and the Americas tourists and the connection between the satisfaction degree and expectation degree to them. Among variables of Korean souvenirs such as art, originality, design and price, etc., Overall Europe and the Americas consumers are made clear as dissatisfied with art and originality of Korean souvenirs. Except these factors, other factors are classified with the scope of satisfaction to Americans. So For the sales increasing to Europe and the Americas consumers, these inferior factors have to be invested, researched and developed using the government's supports and related firms' core capabilities. such as marketing mix. Finally, in case of the relevance of satisfaction after purchasing and expectation before purchasing by Europe and the Americas consumers. All factors like design, packaging, price, variety, art, originality are satisfied with them as showing positive significance between them. So this result lets us think that Korean souvenirs have international competition to Europe and the Americas tourists. Therefore, the firm will keep the increasing intensity of global competition.

産婦人科 患者에서 分離된 Ureaplasma urealyticum의 生物學的 性狀

梁熙燦,崔大卿,張明雄,白太鉉,朴鼎圭 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.2

Isolation rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum from vaginal swab of 216 patients, 105 prostitutes and 100 college females was investigated. Also, minimal inhibitory concentration of isolated strains about tetracycline and minocycline was studied. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Out of 70 vaginitis patients, isolation rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were 34.3% and 15.7%, respectively. 2. Out of 54 cervicitis patients, isolation rates of Ureplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were 37.0% and 11.0%, respectively. 3. Out of 92 other gynecological patients, isolation rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma hominis were 44.6% and 16.3%, respectively. 4. Out of 105 prostitues, isolation rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were 54.3% and 75.2%, respectively. 5. Out of 100 college students, isolation rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis were 23.0% and 7.0% respectively. 6. In the susceptibility patterns of isolated Ureaplasma urealyticum, resistant strains about tetracycline in patients, prostitues and college students were 75.2%, 73.6% and 69.5%, respectively 7. In the susceptibility patterns of isolated Ureaplasma urealyticum, resistant strains about minocycline in patients, prostitues and college students were 91.7%, 87.7% and 73.9%, respectively.

해부-신경생리학적 Monitoring을 통한 뇌중심 영역수술의 고찰

박명찬,박철형,김형일,이정청,김동찬,송희선 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.6

In the surgery of central area, idenwg the motor cortex in front of central sulcus is imperative to prevent loss of motor function. Twenty five patients with tumors or intractable epilepsy near the central sulcus were operated on at the Department of Neurosurgery of Chonbuk National University Hospital, from September. 1991 to December 1993. An estimated localization of lesions was performed with Callosal Grid System, which is a methodolgy made available by the development of high quality of magnetic resonance imaging, digital subtraction angiography and high resolution computerized tomography. This system allowed us to be oriented to the motor cortex as well as permitted assessment of the extent of resection. This was further delineated by direct electrical stimulation, which confirmed the functional motor cortex and made it possible to maximized the tumor resection near and in the motor cortex The combination of direct cortical stimulation (functional mapping) and the use of the Callosal Grid System (anatomical mapping) allowed us to idene the spatial relationship between them as well as to maximize the tumor resection in most cases without injury to the central area, so that the better outcome is guaranted.

청소년들이 지각하는 스포츠의 가치성향

김성찬,이창준,양명환 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1995 체육과학연구 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the value orientations of sport as perceived by the youth and college student. Specifically, the purpose was to investigate whether differences on selected sport values were significantly related to gender, age, and sport participation. Subjects were 1561 students(830 male and 738 female),using sysytimatical cluster sampling, from the six secondary schools and one university in Cheju. Data for the study were collected via 10 items qestionnaire. A 5-point Likert scale, strongly disagree( 1 )-strongly agree(5), was used to measure the value orientation of sport. Sufficient internal reliabilty(Cronbachs Alpha=.84) was found for the items comprising this scale. Frequencies and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The subjects viewed the following values acquired from the sport participation to be most important: improvement of physical fitness, good citizenship, a vehicle of social development, competition in good faith and coorperation, self-discipline, cultivation of fair play. The results indicated that gender, age and level of sport participation had a significant effects on value orientation of sport. Specifically, the gender result showed that male students perceived significantly higher level of all values of sport than did female students. The age result indicated that, for the male students, junior school students perceived significantly higher level of respect for authority than did other groups, while college students perceived significantly higher level of patriotism, self-discipline, and leadership, and physical fitness than did junior & high school students. With respect to female students, junior school students perceived significantly higher level of cultivation of competition in good faith & coorperation, respect for authority, and fair-play attitude scores than did other groups. The sport participation results revealed that, for the male students, high-sport participants expressed significnatly higher levels of all sport values(socia1 development, good citizenship, competition in good faith and coorperation, respect for authority, patriotism, social mobility, fair play, self-discipline, leadership, and physical fitness)than did low-sport participants. For the female students, high-sport participant expressed significnatly higher levels of social development, competition in good faith and coorperation, respect for authority, social mobility, fair play, self-discipline, and leadership values than did low-sport participants. Overally, the findings of this study indicated that sports are perceived in positive terms from the youth and college students.

Aspergillus niger SFN-416이 생산한 정제된 β-Glucosidase의 유기용매에 대한 반응성

도길명,성찬기 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1996 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구에서는 유기용매에 내성이 강한 Aspergillus niger SFN-416이 생산한 분리·정제된 β-glucosidase를 물이 포함된 유기 용매계에서 PNPG의 가수분해 반응을 연구하였다. 유기용매의 농도를 1.0∼10.0%(v/v)로 변화시키면서 β-glucosidase 활성에 미치는 영향을 연구한 결과, methanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 18.33units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 169.4%로 ethanol은 10.0%(v/v)로, ethanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 14.12units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 130.5%로 isopropanol은 5.0%(v/v)에서 12.19units/ml.min으로 상대 활성이 112.7%로 1-buthanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 19.36units/ml.min으로 상대 활성이 178.9%로 각각 가장 높게 나타났다. 아들 중 특히 methanol과 1-buthanol에서 더 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 유기용매의 농도를 1.0∼10.0%(v/v)로 변환시켜 30분간 방치한 후 β-glucosidase에 대한 안정성을 연구한 결과, methanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 5.71units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 124.4%로, ethanol은 7.5%(v/v)에서 7.60units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 165.6% isopropanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 4.42units/ml.min으로 상대활성이 96.3%로, 1-buthanol은 10.0%(v/v)에서 5.11unis/ml.min으로 상대활성이 111.3%로 각각 가장 높게 나타났다. 이들 중 특히 ethanol에서 가장 높은 안정성을 보였다. 위 결과로 보아β-glucosidase는 유기용매에서 반응성과 안정성이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. The hydrolysis of PNPG was to investigate enzymatic reactions of β-glucosidase from Asprgillus niger SFN-416 in organic solvents (methanol. ethanol, isopropanol and l-butanolbwater system. The concentration of various organic solvents used in the experiment were 1.0, 2.5. 5.0, 7.5, and l0.0%(v/v). Enzyme in organic solvents was showed high activity toward l0.0%(v/v) of methanol(l8.33units/ml.min). l0.0%(v/v) of ethanol(l4.12units/ml.min). 5.0%(V/V) of isopropanol(l2.19units/mi.min) and l0.0%(v/v) of l-butanol(l9.36units/mi.min). Stability of enzyme in organic solvents was showed high activity toward lO.O%(v/v) of methanol (5.7 lunitslmi. mid, 7.5% (v/v) of ethanol (7.60units/ml. mid, l0.0%(v/v) of isopropanol(4.42units/mi.min) and 10.0% (v/v) of l-butanol(5.1 lunits/mi.min). Our result indicated that reactions and stability of B-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger SFN-416 were higher in organic solvent-water system as compared with water system.