흰쥐 대뇌피질에서 아드레날린성 수용체의 개체발생에 관한 자기방사법적 연구

이명곤,이승원,국지현,정윤영,이은주,김종근,배춘상 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.5

극자외선 리소그래피에서 마스크 결함에 의한 이미지 특징

유명슬,박승욱,김옥경,오혜근 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2004 이학기술연구지 Vol.7 No.

본 논문에서는 극자외선(Extreme-Ultraviolet) 리소그래피에서 사용되는 마스크 특성을 알아보았다. EUV 마스크는 Mo 와 Si 이 각각 2-4㎚ 정도의 두께로 쌓이기 때문에 공정상에 결함이 발생할 소지가 다. 전산 모사를 통해 마스크 상에 결함이 없을 때와 여러 가지 결함 조건 이 있을 때 웨이퍼 상에 전사되는 이미지 변화를 알아보았다. 결함의 조건에 의해 이미지 대조비 (Contrast), 폭(Width) 변화가 나타났으며 또한 이미지의 상 일그러짐과 최대 세기 위치 이동을 관찰 할 수 있었다. Simulation has been used to predict aerial images for masks with defect-free multilayer and with defect in multilayer. Mask defects are easily produced in an extreme-ultraviolet lithography mask fabrication process, because 80 Mo/si multilayer films are stacked and each stack is made from 2 to 4㎚. In this case, the multilayer can be stacked with defects and with slightly different heights. It is difficult to achieve an aerial image which is desired. This paper discusses various image properties when there is no defect and when there are different kinds of defects in the multilayer. The results are calculated by using SOLE-EUV of Simga-C. A finite-difference time-domain algorithm is used, and the aerial images caused by defects in the multilayer are also characterized.

슬관절 굴근과 신근 기능의 평가를 통한 배구선수의 운동 특성 연구

장명재,김승환,김민철 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 體育學論文集 Vol.29 No.-

This test has been completed for the 16 players of K-volleyball team. First we have checked the test results of the Peak Torque, Average power, total work capacity at the knee joint, which can be effected to the Jump, Landing, and the capability of the game performance. Following as this result, we entered the test of the repetition/5times/1set under the two kinds of speed (60˚/sec and 120˚/sec) at the knee flexors and extensors by using the Rehabilitation and testing system(Model No.770 CYBEX NORM), which is from the Isokinetic contraction, and this is for enforcing the maximum strength, power, and Muscle Endurance. From the results, we think that it would be help for volleyball player to increase the activity for the game, if he has the difference prime mover of Jump and Landing following as the attack formation, and apply more the rapid training than the slow speed. It also helps for him, if he applies the low speed training as the Endurance Training. One more thing we want to describe is not sticking at the specific training, but suggesting the Train Mode, which is to fix for him with the comfortable.

반송이 없는 Anoxic/Oxic 생물막공정을 이용한 돈사폐수처리

한동준,임재명 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

This research aims to develop biofilm process for the organic and nutrient removil of the piggery wastewater. The four stage anoxic-oxic biofilm process was performed without recirculations of internal and sludge. In summery the results are as follows ; 1) The total removal retes of TCOD and SCOD were 94.8 percent and 92.8 percent at the influent volumetric loading rate of 0.4kgCOD/㎥·d respectively. 2)The total nitrogen removal was affected by the temoerature and the loading rate. The removal rates of total nitrogen were 85 percent and 67 percent at the influent volumetric loading rates of 0.08kgN/㎥·d and 0.53kgN/㎥·d respectively 3)Autooxidation by the organic limit was a cause of the phosophorus release in the aerobic bio process. And the phosphorus removal was affected by the nitrite build-up

석탄폐석의 흡착능 및 흡착제로의 활용방안에 관한 기초연구

한동준,임재명,이찬기,이해승 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

본 연구에서는 산과 계곡에 폐기물로 방치되어 있는 석탄폐석의 재활용 및 자원화의 측면에서 수처리에이용될수 있는 흡착제의 개발을 위한 기초실험을 수행되었다. 석탄폐석으로는 굴진폐석과 선탄폐석이 이용되었으며, 석탄폐석 자체가 지니고 있는 흡착능 실험과 열처리로 인한 흡착능 개선 여부를 검토하였다. 처리대상물질은 중금속, 색도,그리고 COD들을 선정하였다. 실험조건은 회분식과 컬럼식으로 구분하여 각각 이루어 졌으며 실험결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을수 있었다. This research aims to remove heavy metals. nonbiodegradable COD(NBDCOD), and color using the coal waste. The experimental by heat treatment was performed to advance the adsorption capacity. The results are as follows ; i) The coal waste had the adsorption capacity of heavy metals and th rates were in the range of 20 to 30 percents. ii)The heat treatment was the optimum condition that the reaction time was 6 hours at 500℃. iii) In the column experimen non-treated coal waste remoned the COD and color in the range of 20 to 60 percents. iv)Heat-treated coal waste showed higher removal rate of the color in biological efflunt, and heavy metal and COD removal rates were changed by the filteration rates.

기초간호자연과학의 인체구조와 기능 내용별 필요도에 대한 연구

최명애,변영순,서영숙,황애란,김희승,홍해숙,박미정,최스미,이경숙,서화숙,신기수 대한기초간호자연과학회 1999 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of this study was to define the content of requisite human structure and function knowledge needed for clinical knowledge of nursing practice. Subjects of human structure and function were divided into 10 units, and each unit was further divided into 21 subunits, resulting in a total of 90 items. Contents of knowledge of human structure and function were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 college of nursing, and textbooks published by nurse scholars prepared with basic nursing sciences. The degree of need of 90 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospitals in Seoul and three university hospitals located in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, hospice ward, and their working period was mostly under 5 years. The results were as follows : 1. The highest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice were electrolyte balance, blood clotting mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, hematopoietic function, body fluid balance, function of plasma, and anatomical terminology in the order of importance. The lowest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice was sexual factors of genetic mutation. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was membrane transport in the living unit, anatomical terminology in movement and exercise unit, mechanism of hormone function in regulation and integration unit, component and function of blood in oxygenation function unit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive and energy metabolism unit, temperature regulation in temperature regulation unit electrolyte balance in body fluid and electrolyte unit, concept of immunity in body resistance unit, and genetics terminology in genetics unit. The highest order of importance according to subunit was membrane transportation in cell subunit, classification of tissues in tissue unit, function of skin and skin in skin subunit, anatomical derivatives of the skeleton subunit, classification of joints in joint subunit, an effect of exercise on muscles in muscle subunit, function of brain in nervous system subunit, special sense in sensory subunit mechanism of hormone function in endocrine subunit, structure and function of female reproductive system in reproductive system unit, structure and function of blood in blood unit, structure of heart, electrical and mechanical function in cardiovascular system unit, structure of respiratory system in respiratory system subunit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive system subunit, hormonal regulation of metabolism in nutrition and metabolism subunit, function of kidney in urologic system subunit, electolyte balance in body fluid, electolyte and acid-base balance subunit. 3. The common content of human structure and function knowledge need for all clinical areas in nursing was structure and function of blood, hematopoietic function, function of plasm, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, body fluid, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. However, the degree of need of each human structure and function knowledge was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as skin and derivatives of the skin, growth and development of bone, classification of joint, classification of muscle, structure of muscle, function of muscle, function of spinal cord, peripheral nerve, structure and function of pancrease, component and function of blood, function of plasma, structure and function of blood, hemodynamics, respiratory dynamics, gas transport, regulation of respiration, chemical digestion of foods, absorption of foods, characteristics of nutrients, metabolism and hormonal regulation, body energy balance were demonstrated according to the duration of work. 5. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as classification of tissue, classification of muscles, function of muscles, muscle metabolism, classification of skeletal muscles, classification of nervous system, neurotransmitters, mechanism of hormone function, pituitary and pituitary hormone, structure and function of male reproductive organ, structure and function of female reproductive organ, component and function of blood, function of plasma, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, gas exchange, gas transport, regulation of respiration, characteristics of nutrients, energy balance, function of kidney, concept of immunity, classification and function of immunity were shown according to the work area. Based on these findings, all the 90 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing Science should be included as contents of human structure and function knowledge.

건축물의 용도별 오수배출 원단위 산정 : 숙박시설과 음식접객업을 중심으로

최승철,김병욱,임재명 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.5

The purpose of this research was to develop more reliable and accurate unit factors by investigating water use flowrates, sewage flowrates and pollutant loadings in lodgings and restaurants. Additionally, we intended to present reasonable guidelines for sewage flowrate, objective population and pollutant concentration for buildings classified by their use. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Average unit sewage flowrates were 6.0-15.9L/㎡·d, 210.4-349.8L/capita·d for lodgings, and 77.3-682.2L/㎡·d, 78.1-135.5L/capita·d for restaurants. 2) Average concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), total nitrogen(T-N), and total phosphorus(T-P) were 140.6-496.4㎎/L, 210.0-55.5㎎/L, and 2.5-5.2㎎/L for lodgings, respectively, and 51.3-152.4㎎/L, 22.9-43.8㎎/L, and 2.0-5.5㎎/L for restaurants, respectively. 3) The results of this study indicate that it sould be desirable to separate the existing evaluation standards according to whether the guest if permitted to cook(i.e., to distinguish Hotels/Inns from Condominiums), and that it would be desirable to separate th existing evaluation standards for restaurants according to their sewage pollutant loading(i.e., high, medium, and low loading). 4) According to the results of this study, the evaluation standards adopted for the treatment facilities of lodgings were (a) sewage flowrate 33.0L/㎡·d, BOD concentration 170㎎/L, and objective population n(Number) - 0.08A(Area) in Hotels/Innes ; (b) sewage flowrated 530L/㎡·d, BOD concentration 220㎎/L and objective population n=P in condominiums ; and (c) sewage flowrate 600L/㎡·d, BOD 640㎎/L, and objective population n=1.0A in restaurants with high pollutant loadings, sewage flowrate 450L/㎡·d, BOD concentration 500㎎/L and objective population n=0.8A in restaurants with medium pollutant loadings, and sewage flowrate 170L/㎡·d, BOD concentration 270L/㎡ and objective population n=0.4A in restaurants with low pollutant loadings.

원예치료가 아동의 우울성에 미치는 효과

박승현,이영현,노명래 韓國植物ㆍ人間ㆍ環境學會 1999 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.2 No.4

This research was designed to know about horticultural therapy on elementary school children. Especially, effects on withdrawal, somatic symptom, and depression in children were focused for this study. Two groups were matched in K-YSR scores. Therefore, K-YSR means were same in K-YSR scores, especially withdrawal, somatic symptom, depression. Children took the horticultural therapy for two months. After the therapy they completed the K-YSR again. The results were as following ; Group X Time(Pre/Post) 2-way interaction were significant statistically(p<.001). First, the horticultural therapy was effective in withdrawal, somatic symptom, and depression in children. That is, children in experimental group showed the reduction of 41.85% in withdrawal symptom, the reduction of 48.35% in somatic symptom, and the reduction of 33.07% in depressive symptom. Second, on the contrary, in the control children (no horticultural therapy), the 3.66% increase of withdrawal symptom, the 8.16% increase of somatic symptom, and the 9.74% increase of depressive symptom were shown. These results suggested that the horticultural therapy have the effect on the reduction of the children's psychological problems. The further researchers need the generalization of this therapy.

스테로이드 치료 후 회복기의 규칙적인 운동이 쥐의 스테로이드 유발성 위축 뒷다리근에 미치는 영향

최명애,변영순,황애란,김희승,홍해숙,최스미,서화숙,이경숙,박미정,신기수,안경주,이윤경,임지회 대한기초간호자연과학회 2002 Journal of korean biological nursing science Vol.4 No.1

This study was conducted to determine whether low intensity regular exercise following steroid treatment could attenuate steroid-induced muscle atrophy. Thirty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 165~175g were divided into six groups;control group(C), dexamethasone administration group(D), sedentary after normal saline administration group(C+Se), exercise after normal saline administration group(C+Ex), sedentary group after dexamethasone administration(D+Se), exercise group after dexamethasone administration(D+Ex). Either dexamethasone(5mg/kg) or normal saline was injected for 7days accordingly. Exercise was started at 10m/min on the 10?grade treadmill and gradually increased up to 15m/min by the 7th day for 60minutes/day(20min×3). The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test using the SPSS WIN 9.0 program. Body weight, muscle weight and myofibrillar protein content of both plantaris and gastrocnemius, Type I, II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris, and Type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of gastrocnemis in D group were significantly lower than those of C group(p<.05) respectively. Hindlimb muscle weight, myofibrillar protein content of both plantaris and gastrocnemius, Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of soleus and Type I, II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris in D+Ex group tended to increase compared to those of D+Se group. Myofibrillar protein content of both plantaris and gastrocnemius, Type I muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris in D+Ex group tended to increase compared to those of C+Se group. Based on these results, it is suggested that regular low-intensity exercise during recovery period after steroid treatment might facilitate the recovery from steroid-induced muscle atrophy.

소규모 도시의 생활폐기물 발생특성 : 동해시를 중심으로 For Donghae City

김승호,원철희,김병욱,임재명 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 産業技術硏究 Vol.22 No.B

This research was performed to investigate the generation and physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid wastes. The results were as follows: i) The generation rate and bulk density were 0.157 kg/cap/d and 147.8 g/L in residential zone, respectively. In non-residential zone, the generation and bulk density were 1.71 kg/cap/d and 85.6 g/L, respectively. Consequently, bulk density of non-residential zone was lower than that of residential zone. ii) The wastes consisted of 90% of combustibles and 10% of incombustibles in residential zone. And the wastes from non-residential zone was composed 85% of combustibles and 15% of incombustibles. iii) Water content was estimated at 47∼50% in residential zone and restaurants. In non-residential zone, except restaurants, water content was in the range of 10∼30%. Ash content was nearly 10% in overall zone.