자발성 세균성 복막염을 일으킨 그람음성간균의 3세대 세팔로스포린 내성률 변화

방지환,송경호,박주경,박완범,김성한,김홍빈,김남중,오명돈,김의종,이효석,최강원 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.3

The third generation cephalosporin is widely used in treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Resistance to the third generation cephalosporin was associated with poor outcome in patients with SBP. Thus it is necessary to know the changes in resistance rate. We planned to investigate retrospectively on resistance rate of the third generation cephalosporin of gram negative bacteria isolated in patients with SBP, who visited Seoul National University Hospital between 1998 and 2006. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines were applied for antibiotic susceptibility test. A total of 269 consecutive episodes of clinically and microbiologically proven SBP was identified during the study period and 209 cases were caused by gram negative organisms. Among 209 isolates, 22 (10.5%) showed resistance to the third generation cephalosporin. The prevalence of resistance was decreasing during the study period (P=0.014).

경연 대회를 통한 초ㆍ중고생의 창의력 신장 효과에 관한 연구

이희복,육근철,류해일,김현섭,김희수,박달원,유병환,김선효,김여상,서광수,변두원,서명석,배성효,박종석,심규철,이성희 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 개인의 개성을 존중과 창의적인 능력을 지닌 인간을 양성을 목적으로 충청남도 지역의 초 ㆍ 중고등학생들을 대상으로 한 창의력 경연대회가 공주대학교 과학교육연구소에서 개최되었다. 충청남도 초 ㆍ중 ㆍ 고등학생들을 대상으로 실시한 창의력 경연대회는 창조적 아이디어를 내어 스스로 문제를 해결해 나갈 수 있는 교육 프로그램을 제공하는 좋은 기회였음이 확인되었으나, 일부의 팀에서만 참신하고 재미있는 아이디어들이 제안되었다. 여학생의 참가자 수가 상당히 증가하였으며, 대체적으로 입상권의 학생들의 상당 부분이 여학생이라는 것이 특이할만하다. 학년이 올라감에 따라서 창의적인 아이디어를 내는 양이나 질에 있어서 뒤떨어지는 것으로 분석되었으며, 토론 학습의 적응력이 미흡하고 발표력 및 청취력에 있어서도 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중 ㆍ고등학교의 학교교육에서도 학생들에게 프로젝트형 탐구학습 프로그램의 적용은 물론 토론식 수습을 통한 학생들의 사고의 전환의 기회를 제공해야 할 것으로 사료된다. The creativity competition was held to foster the creativity of elementary and secondary school students in the Institute of Science Education, Kongju national University. It was found that the creativity competition effected on the improvement of inventing creative ideas and problem solving activities. But, only some competitors participated in semifinal and final contests, presented original and interesting ideas. More female students participated in competition than last year. More female participants were awarded a prize than males. Totally, participants were defective in discussion and communication, and presentation and listening ideas. Increasing grades correlated inversely with creativity and originality. There is need of inquiry project teaming programs and presenting opportunities of conversion of thinking by discussing instructions in school

국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성

송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.

콘크리트의 應力-變形關係에 關한 實驗的 硏究 : 鋼纖維 콘크리트에 關하여 About steel fiber concrete

金和中,權寧煥,李尙宰,全明熏 경북대학교 산업기술연구소 1990 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

The factors adopted in this experiment are volume fraction and the diameter and aspect ratio of fiber. The levels of factors are determined by existing studies. The effects of the diameter and mixing volume fraction and the aspect ratio for maximum strength, strain and tangent modulus are analyxed based on the linear multiple regression and we obtained regression equations as follows ; Maximum stress : σ_max=298.59820+95.78361φ-6.36043V_f+0.62067Ar Maximum strain at maximum stress : ε_max=0.021336+0.15746φ+0.05519V_f+0.00181Ar Tangent modulus : E=208209.80+87132.84φ-17286.69V_f-464.9181Ar where φ : diameter V_f : volume fraction Ar : Aspect Ratio

신체접촉을 통한 스포츠마사지가 자폐아의 적응행동에 미치는 효과

김정수,강경환,송명현 한국특수체육학회 2003 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare adaptable activities before and after performing sports massage for autistic students. Ten autistic students aged 14~19 years old participated in this study. They were divided into two groups, Group A(experimental group) and Group B(control group). Group A participated in sport massage class, one a week for about 40 minutes for 16 weeks. Both group A and group B took pre-test and post-test. Their adaptable activities was measured by Motivation Assessment Scale(MAS) designed by Mar Durand(1986). Frequency analysis was applied for data analysis. The results showed over maladaptable activities decreased in case 1(0.83%), case 2(0.91%), case 3(0.78%), and case 4(0.94%). However, there was increase of maladaptable activities in case 5(1.04%). These finding suggest that sports massage was effective in improving inappropriate behaviors of autistic students.

편마비 환자의 보행시 신발 교정에따른 에너지 소모의 감소

서정환,고명환,김연희 大韓再活醫學會 1999 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.23 No.1

정지형 자전거 운동 훈련이 건강한 여성의 체구성,심폐기능 및 유연성에 미치는 효과

김동옥,최정숙,안혜영,민혜숙,이경숙,박연환,송미령,최명애,최정안,김매자 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1999 간호학 논문집 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in body composition, cardiopulmonary function, and flexibility following 8 weeks' bicycle ergometer exercise training. The subjects of this research consisted of healthy adult women between 30 and 40 years of age. Initial intensity of bicycle ergometer exercise was based on the target heart rate equivalent to 55% of maximal oxygen uptake, and intensity of the exercise increased by 5% every 2 weeks. Body composition, cardiopulmonary function at rest and during maximal exercise, as well as flexibility were determined before and after 8 weeks of bicycle ergometer exercise training. Masimal exercise was performed on the treadmill according to Bruce Protocol. The results obtained were as follows; 1. There were o changes in body weight, percent body fat, fat body weight, and lean body weight as well. The ventilation volume for 1 minute, respiratory quotient and expired CO₂ volume have not changed significantly after the training, either. 2. As a result of training, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly(p<.05) 3. Maximal heart rate, maximal oxygen consumption and maximal running time increased significantly after the training(p<.05) 4. Pelvic flexibility increased slightly after the training, however, it did not reach the statistical significance. Trunk flexion forward increased significantly after the training(p<.05). From these results, it may be concluded that 8 weeks bicycle ergometr training improve the cardiopulmonary function and flexibility in healthy adult women between 30-40 years of age.

지도부딘 투여력이 없는 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 감염환자에서 지도부딘 내성 발현율

김남중,최은숙,김의석,이대호,최영주,방지환,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.1

Backgroud : Drug resistant virus has been seen with all effective antiretroviral drugs in current practice. The isolation of resistant virus from subjects is associated with more rapid clinical outcome. The presence of resistance-conferring mutations in a patient in whom therapy is foiling indicates that other antiretroviral drugs should be considered. So, the identification of drug resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) mutations is of increasing importance. Zidovudine monotherapy for HIV-1 infection has been widely used in Korea since 1990. So, the prevalence of zidovudine resistant virus has been expected to be high. The purpose of the present study is to determine the prevalence of zidovudine resistant HIV-1 among zidovudine-naive Korean patients. Methods : We tested drug susceptibility of HIV-1 isolated from 19 zidovudine-naive Korean patients. We amplified a portion of gene reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 by RT nested PCR method. The susceptibility of HIV-1 to zidovudine was determined by sequencing the DNA base pairs of gene reverse transciptase. Results : Two (10.5%) of 19 HIV-1 isolates from zidovudine naive patients showed resistance conferring mutations to zidovudine. Two (2.1%) of 95 codons analysed from zidovudine naive patients showed mutations conferring resistance to zidovudine. Conclusion : The prevalence of zidovudine resistant HIV-1 was 10.5% among zidovudine-naive Korean patients. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:40~45, 2001)

만성 승모판 패쇄부전증 환자에서의 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 장기 투여 효과

김대희,이명묵,이해영,조현재,박승정,서재빈,서정원,양한모,윤창환,조상호,이준희,김용진,김명아,손대원,오병희,박영배 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2

항정신병 약물이 Cyclooxygenase-2 유전자 발현과 Prostaglandin E_2 농도에 미치는 영향

김종우,조성욱,범재명,윤도준,장환일,송지영 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.2

Objectives : Cyclooxygenase(COX) is the central enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway to prostaglandins from arachidonic acids. The action mechanism of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is through inhibition of COX activity and prostanoid biosynthesis including prostaglandin E_2(PGE_2). The antipsychotic drugs are known having an analgesic effects, however its mechanisms of actions of action to pain control was not still clearly proved. In the present study, the effects of antipsychotic drugs(chlorpromazie and clozapine) on the production of PGE_2 and the expression of COX-2mRNA and protein in P815 cell line were studied. Methods : For that purpose, the methods of RT-PCR, western blot and prostagalndin E_2 enzymeimmunoassay were applied. Results : The results showed tha tin P815 cells treated with chlorpromazine, the level of COX2 mRNA was significantly decreased compared to the control cells. And total cellular PGE_2 levels were significantly decreased after treatment with chlorpromazine and clozapine. Conclusion : These results suggest that antipsychotic drugs have revealed their analgesic effect through the inhibition of COX-2 activity and PGE_2 production. And also, these results partly supports the excess theory of prostaglangdins in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.