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Mustaffa Khairu Hazwan,Shafie Asrul Akmal,Ngu Lock-Hock 한국간호과학회 2022 Asian Nursing Research Vol.16 No.3
Purpose: To compare patient care multipliers estimated from subjective evaluation against work sampling (WS) techniques in genetic nursing activities. Methods: An observational WS technique was conducted from November to December 2019 with nine genetic nurses in a tertiary referral center in Malaysia. The WS activity instrument was devised, validated, and pilot tested. All care- and non-care-related activities were sampled at 10-minute intervals within 8 hours of working over 14 days, followed by a subjective evaluation of activities survey over the same period. Bonferroni correction was undertaken for multiple testing with a p value of 0.0025. Results: The two techniques produced significant differences in genetic nurses’ activities categorization. The WS showed that compared with subjective evaluation, direct care (19.3% vs. 45.0%; p < .001) was estimated to be significantly lower, and indirect care (40.4% vs. 25.6%; p < .001) and unit-related activity (28.5% vs. 16.9%; p < .001) were higher. Both techniques produced a similar proportion of time spent in other non-care activities (12.0%) but differed in genetic meetings and information-gathering activities. While the multipliers for patient face-to-face contact were significantly larger between WS (4.57) and the survey (1.94), the multipliers for patient care time were smaller between WS (1.47) and the survey (1.24), indicating that caution should be taken when multiplying for patient contact time compared to patient care activity to determine the cost of care provision. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of time spent away from the patient needs to be allocated to patient-related care time. Thus, estimating the paid cost solely based on direct time with patients considerably underestimates the cost per hour of nurses' care. It is recommended to employ ‘patientrelated activity’ instead of the ‘face-to-face contact’ multiplier because the former did not significantly differ from the one estimated using WS.
Numerical Analysis of Standard - Unstandard Gears for an External Gear Pumps
Ahmed Mustaffa Saleem,Bahjat Hassan Alyas,Zaid Ali Shaalan 한국유체기계학회 2021 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.14 No.1
The most widely of hydraulic applications power employed source that including low manufacturing costs and good performance are defined as the external gear pumps. In this study, the using of unstandard gears and influence on the performance of gear pumps are studied. These influences include pulsation factor of flow rate, flow rate of pump and trapped volume between two meshing gears. Matlab software has been used to evaluate performance by modifying algorithm and deriving the equations of pump flow rate. The unstandard gear is used in the study undertaken with +0.3 Rack shift coefficient. Results indicated the using of unstandard gears increase flow rate and reduce the trapped volume and pulsation flow rate factor. It was concluded that the factor of pulsation flow rate reduces as increase of teeth number which leads to pulsation flow rate stabilization.
Burst capacity of pipe under corrosion defects and repaired with thermosetting liner
Ali Akram,Zahiraniza Mustaffa,Thar M. Badri Albarody 국제구조공학회 2020 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.35 No.2
This paper aims at providing insights on the use of thermosetting liner for the repair of offshore pipelines exposed to corrosion and leakage. The work which covers both experimental and numerical approaches were aspired due to the high cost of repair for pipelines, limitations of thermoplastic material and limited study of reinforced thermosetting liner. The experiment involves a destruction test called the burst test, carried out on an API 5L X42 carbon steel pipe under four case studies, namely (i) intact pipe, (ii) pipe with corrosion defect, (iii) pipe with corrosion defect and repaired with thermosetting liner and (iv) pipe with leakage and repaired with thermosetting liner. The numerical simulation was developed to first validate the experimental results and later to optimize the design of the thermosetting liner in terms of the number of layers required to restore the original strength of the pipe. The burst test shows an improvement in 23% of the burst capacity for the pipe with corrosion defects, after being repaired with a three-layer thermosetting liner. The parametric studies conducted showed that with an addition of thermosetting layers, the burst capacity improves by an average of 1.85 MPa. In conclusions, the improvement in strength can be further increased with increasing thickness of the thermosetting liner. The thermosetting liner was also determined to fail first inside the host pipe.
Rehabilitation of corroded circular hollow sectional steel beam by CFRP patch
Mahdi Razavi Setvati,Zahiraniza Mustaffa 국제구조공학회 2019 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.32 No.1
Bridges, offshore oil platforms and other infrastructures usually require at some point in their service life rehabilitation for reasons such as aging and corrosion. This study explores the application of adhesively bonded CFRP patches in repair of corroded circular hollow sectional (CHS) steel beams. An experimental program involving three-point bending tests was conducted on intact, corroded, and repaired CHS beams. Meso-scale finite element (FE) models of the tested beams were developed and validated by the experimental results. A parametric study using the validated FE models was performed to examine the effects of different CFRP patch parameters, including patch dimensions, number of plies and stacking sequence, on efficiency of the repair system. Results indicates that the corrosion reduced elastic stiffness and flexural strength of the undamaged beam by 8.9 and 15.1%, respectively, and composite repair recovered 10.7 and 18.9% of those, respectively, compared to undamaged beam. These findings demonstrated the ability of CFRP patch repair to restore full bending capacity of the corroded CHS steel beam. The parametric study revealed that strength and stiffness of the repaired CHS beam can be enhanced by changing the fiber orientations of wet composite patch without increasing the quantity of repair materials.
Rehabilitation of notched circular hollow sectional steel beam using CFRP patch
Mahdi Razavi Setvati,Zahiraniza Mustaffa 국제구조공학회 2018 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.26 No.2
The application of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites for rehabilitation of steel structures has become vital in recent years. This paper presents an experimental program and a finite element (FE) modelling approach to study the effectiveness of CFRP patch for repair of notch damaged circular hollow sectional (CHS) steel beams. The proposed modeling approach is unique because it takes into account the orthotropic behavior and stacking sequence of composite materials. Parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of initial damage (i.e., notch depth) on flexural performance of the notched beams and effectiveness of the repair system using the validated FE models. Results demonstrated the ability of CFRP patch to repair notched CHS steel beams, restoring them to their original flexural stiffness and strength. The effect of composite patch repair technique on post-elastic stiffness was more pronounced compared to the elastic stiffness. Composite patch repair becomes more effective when the level of initial damage of beam increases.
Zin, Faridah Mohd,Hillaluddin, Azlin Hilma,Mustaffa, Jamaludin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.12
Purpose:The present qualitative study explored adolescents' perceptions regarding effective strategies to prevent adolescents from using tobacco products (TP). Apart from the commercial TPs, there has been emerging use of alternatives such as vapes, e-cigarettes and shisha. This unfortunate phenomenon continues despite the currently available preventive strategies. Thus, understanding of the perceptions of the current generation would be valuable to provide new insights. Methods: Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit 40 adolescents between the age of 15 and 16 years old attending public daily secondary schools. Eight focus group discussions were conducted among the TP users, ex-users and non-users. Data were analyzed using a thematic content analysis procedure with NVivo. Results: Among barriers with the currently available strategies were having teachers who smoke tobacco, addiction to nicotine and self-perceptions of being healthy. The content of any program should include knowledge on negative outcomes of using tobacco products and awareness of the legislation together with ways to overcome peer and family influence including improving self-efficacy and refusal skills. Strategies were suggested to be delivered using information technology which provides interactive learning and visual effects. Conclusions: Adolescents agreed that the content and delivery of tobacco use prevention strategies need to be revised to suit the current generation to ensure sustainability.