http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Mushtaq, M.M.H.,Pasha, T.N.,Akram, M.,Mushtaq, T.,Parvin, R.,Choi, H.C.,Hwangbo, J.,Kim, J.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.6
Requirements of dietary chloride (dCl) and chloride salts were determined by using $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement under four phase feeding program. Four levels (0.31, 0.45, 0.59 and 0.73%) and two sources ($NH_4Cl$ and $CaCl_2$) of the dCl were allocated to 1,472 chicks in eight dietary treatments in which each treatment was replicated four times with 46 birds per replicate. The four phase feeding program was comprised of four dietary phases: Prestarter (d 1 to 10), Starter (d 11 to 20), Grower (d 21 to 33) and Finisher (d 34 to 42); and diets were separately prepared for each phase. The cations, anions, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity were analyzed in drinking water and were not affected by dietary treatments. BW gain (BWG; $p{\leq}0.009$) and feed:gain (FG; $p{\leq}0.03$) were improved in $CaCl_2$ supplemented diets during d 1 to 10. The maximum response of BWG and FG was observed at 0.38% and 0.42% dCl, respectively, for d 34 to 42. However, the level of dCl for BWG during d 21 to 33 ($p{\leq}0.04$) and d 34 to 42 ($p{\leq}0.009$) was optimized at 0.60% and 0.42%, respectively. The level of dCl for optimized feed intake (FI; $p{\leq}0.006$), FG ($p{\leq}0.007$) and litter moisture (LM; $p{\leq}0.001$) was observed at 0.60%, 0.38% and 0.73%, respectively, for d 1 to 42. Water intake (DWI) was not affected by increasing dCl supplementation (p>0.05); however, the ratio between DWI and FI (DWI:FI) was found highest at 0.73% dCl during d 1 to 10 ($p{\leq}0.05$) and d 21 to 33 ($p{\leq}0.009$). Except for d 34 to 42 ($p{\leq}0.006$), the increasing level of dCl did not result in a significant difference in mortality during any phase. Blood pH and glucose, and breast and thigh weights (percentage of dressed weight) were improved while dressing percentage (DP) and gastrointestinal health were exacerbated with $NH_4Cl$ as compared to $CaCl_2$ supplemented diets ($p{\leq}0.001$). Higher plasma $Na^+$ and $HCO_3{^-}$ and lower $Cl^-$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ were observed in $NH_4Cl$ supplemented diets ($p{\leq}0.001$). Increasing supplementation of dCl increased plasma $Cl^-$ ($p{\leq}0.04$; quadratically) and linearly reduced plasma $K^+$ ($p{\leq}0.001$), $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ ($p{\leq}0.003$), $HCO_3{^-}$ ($p{\leq}0.001$), and $Na^+$ ($p{\leq}0.001$; quadratically). Consequently, higher requirements of dietary chloride are suggested for feed intake; nevertheless, lower levels of dietary chloride are sufficient to support optimal BWG and FG with increasing age. The $NH_4Cl$ supplemented diets ameliorate breast and thigh meat yield along with overall energy balance (glucose).
Mushtaq, M.M.H.,Pasha, T.N.,Saima, Saima,Akram, M.,Mushtaq, T.,Parvin, R.,Farooq, U.,Mehmood, S.,Iqbal, K.J.,Hwangbo, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.12
A basal diet (0.8 g/kg dNa) was formulated in which each of the two sources ($NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$) were supplemented in such a way to attain four levels (1.7, 2.6, 3.5, and 4.4 g/kg) of total dNa, respectively, under $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Eight dietary treatments were replicated four times, with 40 birds in each replicate (n = 1,280). The diets supplemented with $Na_2SO_4$ to attain higher levels of dNa showed highest BW gain and feed intake (FI) during d 1 to 10 (interaction effects) while 2.6 g/kg dNa exhibited improved BW gain and gain:feed (FG) during d 11 to 20. Linear rise in daily water intake (DWI) was associated with diets containing increasing dNa during d 1 to 42 ($p{\leq}0.036$). During the first 10 d, DWI:FI was found highest in $NaHCO_3$ diets while $Na_2SO_4$ diets showed highest DWI:FI during last 10 d of the experiment ($p{\leq}0.036$). Increasing dNa and changing $Na_2SO_4$ with $NaHCO_3$ salt increased pH and resulted in poor growth performance. Dressing weight ($p{\leq}0.001$) and abdominal fat ($p{\leq}0.001$; quadratic effect) were reduced, whereas breast ($p{\leq}0.001$) and thigh (p<0.001) weights were aggravated with increasing dNa (linear effects). Present findings suggested higher levels of dNa from $Na_2SO_4$ as the supplemental salt in broiler diets would produce better growth performance, especially in first ten days of life, and improve carcass and body organ characteristics.
Evaluation of steady-state characteristics for solid oxide carbon fuel cell short-stacks
Mushtaq, Usman,Mehran, Muhammad Taqi,Kim, Sun-Kyoung,Lim, Tak-Hyoung,Naqvi, Syed Asad Ali,Lee, Jong-Won,Lee, Seung-Bok,Park, Seok-Joo,Song, Rak-Hyun ELSEVIER 2017 APPLIED ENERGY -BARKING THEN OXFORD- Vol.187 No.-
<P>Solid oxide based carbon fuel cells (SO-CFCs) offer clean and efficient utilization of carbon based fuels for energy conversion. In this work, we have realized and operated 100 and 200 W-class solid oxide carbon fuel cell (SO-CFC) short stacks to investigate the fuel supply, electrochemical performance, continuous operation, long-term stability, and scale-up characteristics for SO-CFC based power generation systems. Different configurations for 100 and 200 W class short stacks were employed for integrated Boudouard gasification and carbon fuel supply at the stack level. For the 100 W class SO-CFC short stack, maximum stack power of 80.4, 93.5, and 111.5 W was achieved at 700, 750, and 800 degrees C, respectively, while the 200 W class SO-CFC short stack produced maximum power of 224.4 W at 750 degrees C when operated on carbon fuel. Both SO-CFC short stacks were operated continuously at galvanostatic conditions to study the fuel supply conditions and long-term degradation behavior of the tubular cells in the short stacks. A postmortem analysis of the SO-CFC anode was also performed by SEM and XRD to elucidate the reasons for stack performance degradation during relatively longer operation with carbon fuels. Through a detailed analysis of the dry gasification in the integrated gasifier, the electrochemical performance of the SO-CFC stacks, and the post operation diagnosis of the cells, this study provides details on the important challenges in scaling-up SO-CFC technology from a single-cell to a several hundred watt power generation system. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Radio-frequency Shot-noise Measurement in a Magnetic Tunnel Junction with a MgO Barrier
Mushtaq Rehman,박정환,송운,이연섭,민병철,신경호,류상완,김정구,정연욱 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.57 No.4
We measured the noise power of a magnetic tunnel junction in the frequency range of 710 1200 MHz. A low-noise cryogenic HEMT amplifier was used to measure the small noise signal at a high frequency with wide bandwidth. The MgO-barrier tunnel junction showed large tunnel magnetoresistance ratio of 215% at low temperature, which indicates electronic transport through the tunnel barrier without any significant spin-flip scattering. In the bias-dependent noise measurement, however, the zero-bias shot noise was enhanced compared to the value expected from a perfect tunnel barrier or the value observed from a good Al-AlOx-Al tunnel junction. We assume that this enhanced noise comes from inelastic tunneling processes through the barrier, which may be related to the observed zero-bias anomaly in the differential resistance of the tunnel junctions. We present a simple phenomenological model for how the inelastic scattering process can enhance the zero-bias noise in a tunnel junction.
Effect of once-a-day milk feeding on behavior and growth performance of pre-weaning calves
Mushtaq Syed Husnain,Hussain Danish,Hifz-ul-Rahman,Naveed-ul-Haque Muhammad,Ahmad Nisar,Sardar Ahmad Azeem,Chishti Ghazanfar Ali 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.2
Objective: The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of once-a-day milk feeding on growth performance and routine behavior of preweaning dairy calves. Methods: At 22nd day of age, twenty-four Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (n = 12/treatment) based on milk feeding frequency (MF): i) 3 L of milk feeding two times a day; ii) 6 L of milk feeding once a day. The milk feeding amount was reduced to half for all calves between 56 and 60 days of age and weaning was done at 60 days of age. To determine the increase in weight and structural measurements, each calf was weighed and measured at 3 weeks of age and then at weaning. The daily behavioral activity of each calf was assessed from the 22nd day of age till weaning (60th day of age) through Nederlandsche Apparatenfabriek (NEDAP) software providing real-time data through a logger fitted on the calf’s foot. Results: There was no interaction (p≥0.17) between MF and sex of the calves for routine behavioral parameters, body weight and structural measurements. Similarly, there was no effect of MF on routine behavioral parameters, body weight and structural measurements. However, the sex of the calves affected body weight gain in calves. Male calves had 27% greater total body weight and average daily gain than female calves. There was no effect of the sex of the calves on behavioral measurements. Collectively, in the current study, no negative effects of a once-a-day milk feeding regimen were found on routine behavioral and growth parameters of preweaning calves in group housing. Conclusion: Once-a-day milk feeding can be safely adopted in preweaning calves from 22nd day of age.
Mushtaq, U.,Kim, D.W.,Yun, U.J.,Lee, J.W.,Lee, S.B.,Park, S.J.,Song, R.H.,Kim, G.,Lim, T.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.40 No.18
<P>A flat tubular segmented in series (SIS)-SOFC was fabricated with variable cathode thicknesses and the performance characteristics were analyzed. Vacuum slurry dip coating and screen printing technique were employed to coat the NiO-Ce(1)ScSZ(10) anode, Ce(1)ScSZ(10) electrolyte, and La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8 cathode on the extruded 3YSZ ceramic support. A sub module consisting of 5-cell with a total active electrode area of 4 cm(2) was interconnected in series using Ag-glass composite. Electrochemical performance analysis was conducted between 600 and 800 degrees C using 300 CC/min. 3 vol.% humidified hydrogen fuel and 1500 CC/mm air as oxidant. The results obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and current voltage polarization curves revealed a 57 mu m thick cathode layer as the optimum thickness. An application of LSCo as the cathode current collector on the surface of the cathode enhanced the performance by approximately 30% at 750 degrees C. Copyright (C) 2015, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Mushtaq, Mirza Muhammad Haroon,Parvin, Rana,Kim, Jihyuk Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology 2014 한국축산학회지 Vol.56 No.1
The effect of sodium and sodium salts on carcass and body organ characteristics of broilers under a four phase feeding program were investigated. A basal diet (0.08% dNa with NaCl) was formulated and one of two sources of dNa ($NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$) were supplemented to obtain four different percentages of dNa (0.17, 0.26, 0.35, and 0.44%) for each treatment. There was a linear decrease in dressing percentage (DP) with source ${\times}$ level interaction ($p{\leq}0.001$), while there was a linear increase in breast yield and thigh yield with increasing dNa supplementation ($p{\leq}0.001$). Chicks fed 0.35% $NaHCO_3$ and 0.44% dNa $Na_2SO_4$ supplemental salts had lower abdominal fat ($p{\leq}0.04$). Chicks that received increasing levels of dNa (from 0.17 to 0.44%) showed increasing gizzard weight ($p{\leq}0.02$) and decreasing spleen weight ($p{\leq}0.02$). When both salts were supplemented at 0.26% dNa, the chicks showed their lowest bursa weight ($p{\leq}0.001$). Consequently, chicks at higher dNa showed an increase in breast and thigh meat yield, and increasing capacity of their digestive organ. The higher levels of dNa should be tested with other cations and anions to fully understand acid base homoeostasis.