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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Murnen, Timothy James (검색결과 2 건)
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Constructing authorship in the composition classroom: An ethnographic approach
Murnen, Timothy James University of Michigan 2002 해외박사(DDOD)
This study explores authorship in an introductory college composition course as a construction of the social interactions of the classroom discourse. In this study, two competing concepts of authorship emerged: (1) authorship as status, and (2) authorship as ideological becoming—rooted in the ongoing tension between literary studies and composition studies—that what counts as authorship in literary studies is not the same as what counts as authorship in composition. For the instructor and students, authorship was a complex negotiation between acknowledging the authority of literary writers, and establishing one's own authority as a student author. The aim of this study was to explore this tension in order to arrive at a deeper understanding which might prove beneficial to teachers and students of composition. When composition operates from a concept of authorship as status, student subjectivity—the range of possible identities or manifestations of self available to an individual—is jeopardized. Many theorists argue that student authorship is shaped greatly by the subjectivities provided to students within the discursive activities of the classroom. What texts students produce, and what counts as successful writing, arise out of the often-conflicting, multi-voiced—or heteroglossic—conceptions of authorship operating at various times within the discourse interactions in a single classroom community. Framed by these issues, this study explores the following questions: (1) How does the heteroglossic nature of classroom discourse shape authorship for students of composition? (2) What opportunities does this multiplicity of discourse surrounding authorship provide or deny students (and instructor) as they work toward becoming student authors? (3) Given the results of this study, how can students and instructors manage this heteroglossic discourse on authorship to empower composition students?. What evolved from this study was a concept of authorship as ideological becoming. Shifting from thinking about authorship as the achievement of status, to a concept of authorship as ideological becoming, opens up opportunities for students to write from a multiplicity of subjectivities. By exploring the work of student writers within the context of classroom discourse, we can frame pedagogies which provide students opportunities for authorship that empowers.
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Solution Self-Assembly of Sequence Specific Biomimetic Polymers
Murnen, Hannah University of California, Berkeley 2012 해외박사(DDOD)
Biological molecules, such as polypeptides, form the basis for most of life's functions. These simple linear polymers made up of only 20 amino acids can fold to form complex and intricate structures that span several length scales. The structures that arise from these molecules stem from their high level of molecular control. Each molecule is an exact sequence with complete monodispersity. From this angstrom level of control, micron scale structures can be assembled. This process is one of the most studied in the history of science, but due to the diversity of amino acids and potential interactions, it is still nearly impossible for scientists to look at a peptide sequence and predict a folded structure. Likewise, it is very difficult to choose a desired structure for a particular function and reverse engineer the linear sequence that will provide that structure. Therefore, there is the need for simplified systems to understand the interactions involved in protein folding and to begin to build the knowledge necessary for engineering similar types of functional structures. This thesis uses sequence specific biomimetic polymers, namely polypeptoids or poly N-substituted glycines, to fundamentally probe the chain conformation and assembly properties of sequence specific polymers. Polypeptoids or N-substituted glycines, are sequence specific biomimetic chains that have the same backbone as polypeptides. However, rather than the side chain being attached through the alpha carbon, it is attached to the backbone nitrogen. This chemical alteration has several implications for the system including the elimination of backbone hydrogen bonding and chirality. This chemical alteration yields a more flexible and tunable chain where intramolecular interactions can be modulated by the introduction of different side chains. In addition, the synthesis of polypeptoids is a simple two step submonomer addition that uses a primary amine as the submonomer. This results in a very high yield synthesis with virtually limitless possibilities for side chains due to the commercial availability of a wide variety of primary amines. Using this modular system, my thesis focuses on understanding the solution self assembly of a sequence specific biomimetic polymer. Much of the work has focused on understanding the single chain conformation and collapse of polypeptoids in order to apply this information to larger self assembly systems. The persistence lengths of several polypeptoids have been measured including those containing secondary structure or ionic groups in order to understand the effect of these factors on the chain conformation. Additionally, the collapse or folding of a single polypeptoid chain into a globule structure is discussed. The impact of monomer sequence on this collapse was investigated and shown to have an important effect both on the coil to globule transition as well as the resulting globule structure. Finally, a hierarchical super helix formed through the assembly of an amphiphilic diblock copolypeptoid is discussed. Using chemical modifications coupled with x-ray scattering, the super structure was shown to include ordering stemming from the angstrom level packing of molecules all the way up to the micron scale diameter of the helix.
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