COVID-19 progression towards ARDS: a genome wide study reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Shama Mujawar,Gayatri Patil,Srushti Suthar,Tanuja Shendkar,Vaishnavi Gangadhar Korea Genome Organization 2023 Genomics & informatics Vol.21 No.2

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus epidemic, which was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. The World Health Organization has recorded around 43.3 billion cases and 59.4 million casualties to date, posing a severe threat to global health. Severe COVID-19 indicates viral pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infections, which can induce fatal consequences, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The purpose of this research is to better understand the COVID-19 and ARDS pathways, as well as to find targeted single nucleotide polymorphism. To accomplish this, we retrieved over 100 patients' samples from the Sequence Read Archive, National Center for Biotechnology Information. These sequences were processed through the Galaxy server next generation sequencing pipeline for variant analysis and then visualized in the Integrative Genomics Viewer, and performed statistical analysis using t-tests and Bonferroni correction, where six major genes were identified as DNAH7, CLUAP1, PPA2, PAPSS1, TLR4, and IFITM3. Furthermore, a complete understanding of the genomes of COVID-19-related ARDS will aid in the early identification and treatment of target proteins. Finally, the discovery of novel therapeutics based on discovered proteins can assist to slow the progression of ARDS and lower fatality rates.

Adsorption of chromium (VI) on functionalized and non-functionalized carbon nanotubes

Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Raj Kogiladas Thines,Noor Rosyidah Sajuni,Ezzat Chan Abdulla,Jaya Narayan Sahu,Poobalan Ganesan,Natesan Subramanian Jayakumar 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.9

We did a comparative study on the adsorption capacity of Cr (VI) between functionalized carbon nanotubes(CNTs) and non-functionalized CNTs. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the highest removalof Cr (VI) are at pH 9, with dosage 0.1 gram, agitation speed and time of 120 rpm and 120 minutes, respectively. Forthe initial concentration of 1.0 mg/l, the removal efficiency of Cr (VI) using functionalized CNTs was 87.6% and 83%of non-functionalized CNTs. The maximum adsorption capacities of functionalized and non–functionalized CNTs were2.517 and 2.49 mg/g, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich models were adopted to study the adsorption isotherm,which provided a KL and KF value of 1.217 L/mg and 18.14 mg1−nLn/g functionalized CNT, while 2.365 L/mg and 2.307mg1−nLn/g for non-functionalized CNTs. This result proves that functionalized CNTs are a better adsorbent with a higheradsorption capacity compared with the non-functionalized CNTs.

Graphene/carbon nanotubes composites as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

Battumur, T.,Mujawar, Sarfraj H.,Truong, Q.T.,Ambade, Swapnil B.,Lee, Dai Soo,Lee, Wonjoo,Han, Sung-Hwan,Lee, Soo-Hyoung Elsevier 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.suppl1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>As an alternative platinum counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), carbon materials based counter electrode were prepared using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/graphene nano-sheets (GNS) composite by simple doctor blade method. We found that the photovoltaic performance was strongly influenced by the concentration of GNS in composite electrode. The composite electrode with 60% MWNTs and 40% GNS based DSSCs showed the maximum power conversion efficiency of 4.0% while sputter deposited platinum counter electrode based DSSCs showed a power conversion efficiency of 5.0%.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► MWNTs/graphene nanosheets (GNS) composites were used as counter electrodes for DSSCs. ► The mechanism of electrode formation and the appreciable electrochemical findings are meticulously explained in this paper. ► A rare effort to achieve conversion efficiency as high as 4% using these composite counter electrodes is a new direction to research related to replace expensive counter electrodes like platinum.</P>

A review on the properties and applications of chitosan, cellulose and deep eutectic solvent in green chemistry

Xin Xiong Chang,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Shaukat Ali Mazari,Abdul Sattar Jatoi,Awais Ahmad,Mohammad Khalid,Rashmi Walvekar,E.C. Abdullah,Rama Rao Karri,M.T.H Siddiqui,Sabzoi Nizamuddin 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.104 No.-

The concept of green chemistry has attracted attention due to the green synthesis and ecofriendly natureof the compounds leading to the green and sustainable chemical industries and processes. Chitosan is anecofriendly material, which is biodegradable, non-toxic, and biocompatible. It has the potential to bemodified into biofilms for various applications such as biomedical, packaging, and pharmaceutical fields. Nevertheless, some poor properties of chitosan restrict its wide applications. The incorporation ofnanocellulose fillers into chitosan matrix can enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of chitosan. Cellulose nanomaterials can be achieved through chemical and mechanical modifications. The commontype of nanocellulose are cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), cellulose nano-whiskers (CNWs), tunicate CNCs (t-CNCs), algae cellulose particles (AC) and bacterial cellulose particles (BC). Nanocellulose are applied asthe reinforcement fillers in various polymer matrices such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polylacticacid etc. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are relatively novel green solvents, which can be applied in variousfields. DES are widely applied in metal processing, polymer processing and synthesis. Even though thereare not much studies available on DES for synthesis of nanocomposite films; however they are used aseco-friendly solvents in manufacturing processes. This study reviews the discovery, structure, propertiesof chitosan and cellulose, their derivatives and applications. In addition, the paper also discusses theproperties of DES and their applications.

Comparative kinetic study of functionalized carbon nanotubes and magnetic biochar for removal of Cd2+ ions from wastewater

Manimaran Ruthiraan,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Raj Kogiladas Thines,Ezzat Chan Abdullah,Jaya Narayan Sahu,Natesan Subramanian Jayakumar,Poobalan Ganesan 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.3

We did a comparative study between functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (FMWCNTs), and magneticbiochar was carried out to determine the most efficient adsorbent to be employed in the Cd2+ ion removal. Weoptimized parameters such as agitation speed, contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage using design expert vrsion 6.08. The statistical analysis reveals that optimized condition for highest removal of Cd2+ are at pH 5.0, with dosage 1.0 g,agitation speed and contact time of 100 rpm and 90 minutes, respectively. For the initial concentration of 10mg/l, theremoval efficiency of Cd2+ using FMWCNTs was 90% and and 82% of magnetic biochar. The maximum Cd2+ adsorptioncapacities of both FMWCNTs and magnetic biochar were calculated: 83.33mg/g and 62.5mg/g. The Langmuirand Freundlich constants for FMWCNTs were 0.056 L/mg and 13.613 L/mg, while 0.098 L/mg and 25.204 L/mg formagnetic biochar. The statistical analysis proved that FMWCNTs have better adsorption capacity compared to magneticbiochar and both models obeyed the pseudo-second-order.

Enhanced Conversion Efficiency in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Hydrothermally Synthesized TiO₂−MWCNT Nanocomposites

Muduli, Subas,Lee, Wonjoo,Dhas, Vivek,Mujawar, Sarfraj,Dubey, Megha,Vijayamohanan, K.,Han, Sung-Hwan,Ogale, Satishchandra American Chemical Society 2009 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.1 No.9

<P>A 50% enhancement in the conversion efficiency (4.9-7.37%) is realized in dye-sensitized solar cells using hydrothermally synthesized TiO(2)-multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites as compared to hydrothermally synthesized TiO(2) without MWCNT and Degussa P25. Several characterizations have been employed to reveal the nature of the modification imparted to the MWCNTs under hydrothermal processing conditions and the resulting TiO(2)-MWCNT conjugation through -COOH groups. Efficient charge transfer in the nanocomposite and efficient electron transport by MWCNT (significantly higher incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiency) are suggested to be the possible reasons for the enhancement.</P>

Effect of electron beam irradiation on durian-peel-based activated carbon for phenol removal

Igbmno Major Jane,Khalid Mohammad,Raju Gunasunderi,Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar,Walvekar Rashmi,Ratnam Chantara Thevy,Chaudhary Vishal,Rani Gokana Mohana 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.4

This study investigated durian (Durio zibethinus) peels to produce powdered activated carbon (DPAC). The influence of process variables such as carbonization temperature, activation time, contact time, CO2 flow rate, and adsorption dosage was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A six-factor and two levels Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the parameters. The independent variables were activation temperature (°C), duration (min), CO2 flow rate during the activation process (L/min), irradiation of adsorbent (kGy), irradiation duration (min), and adsorbent dosage (g) while phenol removal (mg/L) was the dependent variable (response). Following the observed correlation coefficient values, the design was fitted to a quadratic model (R2 = 0.9896). The optimal removal efficiency (97.25%) was observed at an activation temperature of 900 °C, activation time of 30 min, CO2 flow rate of 0.05 L/min, irradiation dose of 100 kGy, contact time of 35 min and adsorption dosage of 0.75 g. The optimal DPAC showed a BET surface of 281.33 m2/g. The removal efficiency was later compared with a commercially available activated carbon which shows a 98.56% phenol removal. The results show that the durian peel could be an effective precursor for making activated carbon for phenol removal, and irradiation can significantly enhance surface activation.

Biodiesel synthesis using natural solid catalyst derived from biomass waste — A review

Song Yuan Chua,Loshinie A/P Periasamy,Celine Ming Hui Goh,Yie Hua Tan,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Jibrail Kansedo,Mohammad Khalid,Rashmi Walvekar,E.C. Abdullah 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.81 No.-

Biodiesel serves as an ideal candidate for alternative fuel as it is made from renewable source with lowerpollutant emission. However, current biodiesel production has several issues such as unrecoverablecatalyst, expensive separation stage and high wastewater generation due to the use of homogeneouscatalyst. Currently, there are several pathways to produce biodiesel without the problems stated abovesuch as supercritical condition transesterification and enzymatic catalyst. However, the economicfeasibility for both methods serve as a major hindrance due to extremely high pressure and pressure,expensive synthetic cost of enzyme, which lead to higher operation cost. At the present, heterogeneouscatalyst is the alternative, especially heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural resources such as wastebiomass are currently being extensively researched with promising results. Thus, this paper illustratesthe comprehensive research of biodiesel synthesis and assesses the latest breakthroughs involved in theuse of catalysts derived from waste biomass. Furthermore, an amalgam of experimental data obtainedfrom similar literature has been thoroughly reviewed to provide a better framework to produce biodiesel. Apart from that, this study aims to alleviate problems associated with heterogeneous catalyst separationand enhance the economic viability of the industry, thus, sustaining the environment while meetingenergy demands.

Hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm shell

Sabzoi Nizamuddin,Natesan Subramanian Jayakumar,Jaya Narayan Sahu,Poobalan Ganesan,Abdul Waheed Bhutto,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.9

Palm shell is one of the most plentiful wastes of the palm oil mill industry. This study identifies the capability of hydrothermal carbonization process (HTC) to convert palm shell into high energy hydrochar. The influence of reaction time and reaction temperature of the HTC process was investigated. The process parameters selected were temperature 200 oC to 240 oC, time 10 to 60min, and water to biomass ratio was fixed at 10 : 1 by weight %. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental, proximate, Burner Emmett and Teller (BET), thermo-gravimetric (TGA) analyses were performed to characterize the product and the feed. The heating value (HHV) was increased from 12.24 MJ/ kg (raw palm shell) to 22.11 MJ/kg (hydrochar produced at 240 oC and 60 min). The hydrochar yield exhibited a higher degree inverse proportionality with temperature and reaction time. Elemental analysis revealed an increase in carbon percentage and a proportional decrease in hydrogen and oxygen contents which caused higher value of HHV. The dehydration and decarboxylation reactions take place at higher temperatures during HTC resulting in the increase of carbon and decrease in oxygen values of hydrochar. The FESEM results reveal that the structure of raw palm shell was decomposed by HTC process. The pores on the surface of hydrochar increased as compared to the raw palm shell.

Hydrothermal carbonization of oil palm trunk via taguchi method

Sundus Saeed Qureshi,Premchand,Mahnoor Javed,Sumbul Saeed,Rashid Abro,Shaukat Ali Mazari,Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak,Muhamad Tahir Hussain Siddiqui,Humair Ahmed Baloch,Sabzoi Nizamuddin 한국화학공학회 2021 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.38 No.4

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and its parameters show a significant role in the quality of HTC products and the distribution of yield. The present study investigates the optimal conditions that are suitable to produce maximum yield products of solid, liquid, and gas, from HTC of oil palm trunk (OPT), by following the Taguchi method. Moreover, all the three products of HTC were analyzed using various characterizations. The optimum runs for hydrochar yield, liquid yield, and gaseous yield were run 1 (R1), run 4 (R4), and run 9 (R9), respectively. The reaction temperature was found to be the most influential parameter that affected the yield distribution during HTC, where low temperature supported solid production, intermediate temperatures favored liquid yield, and high temperature produced higher gaseous yield. Elemental analysis, H/C and O/C atomic ratios, higher heating value (HHV), and energy density values of hydrochar recommended that the HTC process has significantly converted OPT into better energy fuel. The energy densification value of hydrochar ranged between 1.28 and 1.40, which confirmed the significance of the HTC process. Two characteristic peaks from FTIR were observed at 3,430 cm1 and 2,923 cm1 hydrochar. SEM analysis confirmed that the porosity of hydrochar was higher than OPT after HTC. However, the major organic matter in the bio-oil traced by GC-MS analysis was acetic acid, accounting for about 59.9-71.7%, and the outlet gaseous product consisted of 0.87-9.17% CH4, 3.88-29.02% CO2, 1.07-7.89% CO, and 0.31-1.97% H2, respectively, as shown by GC-TCD.