Finding the Julian Dates of the Islamic Events Before Hijra Using Computer

Al-Dargazelli, Shaikh Muhammad Al-Husseini Jamal N. Hussein Shetha,Fatoohi, Hamid M. An-Ni'aymi Louay J. 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 1992 중동연구 Vol.11 No.-

A new lunar calendar, called the Muhammadan calendar, starting with the year and month of birth of the Prophet Muhammad was introduced to cover all the history of Islam which began with the birth of the Prophet Muhammad. A lunar historical sequence of the most important Islamic events during the life of Prophet Muhammad was obtained by finding the dates of these events according to the Muhammadan calendar. After a profound study for the historical sources, the birth year of the Prophet Muhammad was considered to be 570 A.D. A computer program for determining the time and exact Julian date of the birth of new moons was used in addition to a manual method to determine the beginning of every Muhammadan month under consideration. The Mutammadan dates were converted into Julian dates. The exact Julian dates of the Islamic events before Hijra (migration) were found for the first time, as well as, the most accurate Julian dates of the Islamic events after Hijra. The results revealed that the most important Islamic events had occurred on Fridays, explaining why Friday is considered by Islam to be a sacred day.

Patch Antenna for 2.7GHz & 5.6GHz for CMMB

Muhammad Noman,Muhammad Usman,Muhammad Zeeshan 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.1

The advantages of micro strip patch antennas have made them a perfect candidate for use in the local area network (WLAN) applications. This paper represents the new design of micro strip patch antenna for China Multimedia Mobile Broadcast (CMMB). In the designed micro strip patch antenna, we applied different techniques to achieve the resonant frequency of 2.7GHz with the bandwidth of 300MHz. Unique slots and conventional slits are introduced in such a way that not only enhanced the bandwidth but also provided us with the fruitful result of -74.78dB return loss. Its minor non-symmetry led to dual frequency i.e. 5.60GHz with the bandwidth of 600MHz and return loss of -15.41dB. Further the details regarding to the dimensions of the patch, ground and simulations are elaborated.

Kinetics, isothermal and mechanistic insight into the adsorption of eosin yellow and malachite green from water via tri-metallic layered double hydroxide nanosheets

Muhammad Altaf Nazir,Tayyaba Najam,Muhammad Sohail Bashir,Muhammad Sufyan Javed,Muhammad Aswad Bashir,Muhammad Imran,Umair Azhar,Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah,Aziz ur Rehman 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.1

The use of highly efficient, environment-friendly and economically inexpensive materials for the adsorption removal of contaminants from water has always been considered as emerging task. In this study, we synthesized hybrid tri-metallic nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCoAl-LDH) porous material for the adsorption removal of Eosin yellow (EY) and Malachite green (MG) from water. The characterization results disclosed that tri-metallic LDH has been synthesized with extraordinary purity, identical morphology and high surface area (134.21 m2·g−1). The NiCoAl-LDH performs the best for adsorption of EY (qe=37.30mg·g−1 at pH=2) and MG (qe=39.61 mg·g−1 at pH=10). The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to explain the adsorption process of dyes on the surface of LDH. The Langmuir model (R2=0.991 and 0.999 for Eosin Y and Malachite G, respectively) was very appropriate to explain the process of adsorption on NiCoAl-LDH as homogeneous (monolayer). The maximum adsorption capacity of EY and MG calculated with Langmuir model was 78.74 and 110.13 mg·g−1 at 30 °C, respectively. Also with 240 minutes contact time 94.8% EY and 89.9% MG was adsorbed by as synthesized NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets. The NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets showed excellent performance of reusability of up to five regeneration cycles. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of NiCoAl-LDH nanosheets after five regeneration cycles, to adsorb EY, decreased only from 40.80 to 36.93 mg·g−1 and that of MG from 79.21 to 75.42 mg·g−1, which is acceptable. The overall results Suggest that the fabricated NiCoAl-LDH is favorable for the purification of dye contaminated water.

Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of WRKY transcription factor family members from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) reveal their role in abiotic stress-responses

Muhammad Waqas,Muhammad Tehseen Azhar,Iqrar Ahmad Rana,Farrukh Azeem,Muhammad Amjad Ali,Muhammad Amjad Nawaz,정규화,Rana Muhammad Atif 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.4

Background WRKY proteins play a vital role in the regulation of several imperative plant metabolic processes and pathways, especially under biotic and abiotic stresses. Although WRKY genes have been characterized in various major crop plants, their identification and characterization in pulse legumes is still in its infancy. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important pulse legume grown in arid and semi-arid tropics. Objective In silico identification and characterization of WRKY transcription factor-encoding genes in chickpea genome. Methods For this purpose, a systematic genome-wide analysis was carried out to identify the non-redundant WRKY transcription factors in the chickpea genome. Results We have computationally identified 70 WRKY-encoding non-redundant genes which were randomly distributed on all the chickpea chromosomes except chromosome 8. The evolutionary phylogenetic analysis classified the WRKY proteins into three major groups (I, II and III) and seven sub-groups (IN, IC, IIa, IIb, IIc, IId and IIe). The gene structure analysis revealed the presence of 2–7 introns among the family members. Along with the presence of absolutely conserved signatory WRKY domain, 19 different domains were also found to be conserved in a group-specific manner. Insights of gene duplication analysis revealed the predominant role of segmental duplications for the expansion of WRKY genes in chickpea. Purifying selection seems to be operated during the evolution and expansion of paralogous WRKY genes. The transcriptome data-based in silico expression analysis revealed the differential expression of CarWRKY genes in root and shoot tissues under salt, drought, and cold stress conditions. Moreover, some of these genes showed identical expression pattern under these stresses, revealing the possibility of involvement of these genes in conserved abiotic stress–response pathways. Conclusion This genome-wide computational analysis will serve as a base to accelerate the functional characterization of WRKY TFs especially under biotic and abiotic stresses.

Effects of peripartal glucose precursor supplementation on lactation performance and metabolic health of primiparous and multiparous dairy cows

Akhtar Muhammad Uzair,Hifzulrahman,Pasha Talat Naseer,Avais Muhammad,Khan Nauman,Chishti Ghazanfar Ali,Ali Mubashar,Imran Muhammad,Tahir Muhammad Naeem,Naveed-ul-Haque Muhammad 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.6

Objective: Hyperketonemia remains a major metabolic issue of serious milk production and a major health concern in early lactation cows. Oral supplementation of glucose precursors (GP) can be used to prevent hyperketonemia in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of orally supplementing a mixture of GP on metabolic health indicators and milk production status of primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) dairy cows. Methods: Twenty-eight Holstein cows were blocked by expected date of parturition, previous lactation yield, and parity. The cows were randomly allocated to one of the four treatment groups (n = 7 cows/group) based on their parity and GP supplementation: i) PP cows fed basal diet only (PP-CON), ii) PP cows with oral supplementation of GP (PP-GP), iii) MP cows fed basal diet only (MP-CON), and iv) MP cows with oral supplementation of GP (MP-GP). Glucose precursor (glycoline liquid) was orally drenched (300 mL/d) in GP cows from 7 days prepartum through 7 days postpartum. Other than GP supplementation, all cows were fed similar pre- and postpartum basal diets. Results: In both pre- and postpartum periods, serum glucose concentration was increased, whereas β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids were decreased in GP cows compared with the CON cows. Milk yield and milk components were statistically not different between GP and CON cows over the first 9 week of lactation. The yield of actual milk, energycorrected milk, 63-days cumulative milk, colostrum yield, and calf birth weight remained higher in MP cows compared with PP cows. Conclusion: Oral drenching of GP around calving can be recommended to successfully improve the metabolic health and reduce the negative effects of hyperketonemia not only in MP but also in PP dairy cows.

Effect of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles on growth and physiology of globally important food crops: A critical review

Rizwan, Muhammad,Ali, Shafaqat,Qayyum, Muhammad Farooq,Ok, Yong Sik,Adrees, Muhammad,Ibrahim, Muhammad,Zia-ur-Rehman, Muhammad,Farid, Mujahid,Abbas, Farhat Elsevier 2017 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.322 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The concentrations of engineered metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have increased in the environment due to increasing demand of NPs based products. This is causing a major concern for sustainable agriculture. This review presents the effects of NPs on agricultural crops at biochemical, physiological and molecular levels. Numerous studies showed that metal and metal oxide NPs affected the growth, yield and quality of important agricultural crops. The NPs altered mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and caused oxidative stress and induced genotoxicity in crops. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased at low NPs toxicity while decreased at higher NPs toxicity in crops. Due to exposure of crop plants to NPs, the concentration of NPs increased in different plant parts including fruits and grains which could transfer to the food chain and pose a threat to human health. In conclusion, most of the NPs have both positive and negative effects on crops at physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. The effects of NPs on crop plants vary greatly with plant species, growth stages, growth conditions, method, dose, and duration of NPs exposure along with other factors. Further research orientation is also discussed in this review article.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used worldwide. </LI> <LI> NPs has both positive and negative effects of crop plants. </LI> <LI> NPs toxicity decreased growth, biomass and yield of food crops. </LI> <LI> This review discussed the NPs effects and toxicity mechanisms in food crops. </LI> </UL> </P>

Activity of glutathione S‐transferase and esterase enzymes in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) after exposure to entomopathogenic fungi

Muhammad Bilal,Shoaib FREED,Saleh MUHAMMAD,Muhammad Zubair ASHRAF,Muhammad Bismillah KHAN 한국곤충학회 2018 Entomological Research Vol.48 No.4

Helicoverpa armigera, a polyphagous insect of crops and vegetables, is acquiring resistance against many commercial insecticides. The present study shows variations in the activity of two detoxification enzymes, namely esterase and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), in H. armigera after exposure to different isolates of entomopathogenic fungi. After treatment of larvae with the different isolates (Day 0), samples were collected on three days (Days 3, 5 and 7) for enzyme analysis. High GST activity was found in samples of hemolymph, intestine and fat bodies of H. armigera following treatment with Beauveria bassiana (isolate Bb‐08), Metarhizium anisopliae (isolates Ma‐11.1 and Ma‐4.1), and Isaria fumosorosea (isolates If‐02 and If‐2.3). High esterase activity was recorded in samples of the intestine and fat bodies on various days after treatment, whereas increased esterase activity in hemolymph was noted only in samples from Day 5 after treatment with M. anisopliae (Ma‐4.1). The detection of high GST and esterase activity demonstrates the possibility of the development of resistance against these microbial control agents in H. armigera.

Controls on Microbial Activity in Chromium Contaminated Abandoned Agricultural Soils: A Case Study of Kasur, Pakistan

Muhammad Riaz,Rabia Parveen,Muhammad Saleem Arif,Mehnaz Roohi,Shermeen Tahir,Muhammad Atif Riaz,Muhammad Ibrahim,Sabir Hussain,Shafaqat Ali,Tahira Yasmeen,Tanvir Shahzad,Leon Van Den Berg,Farhat Abbas 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

Object Tracking With A Robotic Manipulator Mounted On Ground Vehicle Using Image Based Visual Servoing

Muhammad Ahsan Sami,Muhammad Umar Masood,Muhammad Waqar,Muhammad Mujtaba,Abrahim Ali Shah,Nasir Rashid,Mohsin I. Tiwana,Javaid Iqbal,Adnan Shujah 제어로봇시스템학회 2017 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

This paper presents an application of a novel approach for detecting and tracking an object with a 2 DOF robotic manipulator which can be equipped with an array of electrically controlled actuators. The said approach utilizes the Image Based Visual Servoing (IBVS) technique. The developed system is able to determine the object pose in real time from features in the image. Object is detected using shaped based approach algorithms of image processing. The position and orientation of the world coordinates of the object being tracked are calculated from the coordinates of the object in image plane using camera’s intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed approach.

Do neonicotinoid insecticides impaired olfactory learning behavior in Apis mellifera?

Muhammad Imran,Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh,Muhammad Nasir,Muhammad Abdul Ghaffar,Ansa Tamkeen,Muhammad Aamir Iqbal 한국잠사학회 2019 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.38 No.1

Bee’s population is declining and disappearing at alarming rate. There are many factors responsible for declining the population of bees including diseases, natural enemies, environmental conditions and pesticides. Insecticides play its role dramatically for their population decline and neonicotinoid insecticides are critically important due to their wide application for pest control. Keeping in view of above problem, effect of neonicotinoid insecticides on olfactory learning behavior in Apis mellifera was observed using Proboscis Extension Reflex (PER) method. In this method, bees were harnessed in centrifuges tubes and feed on insecticides mixed sugar solution after three hours hunger. Bees were checked by feeding on non-treated sugar solution to observe PER response. Minimum proboscis extension was observed for acetamiprid and imidacloprid with 26% and 20% respectively at their recommend field doses while it was maximum for dinotefuran and thiamethoxam with 73% and 60% respectively. Only 40% bees showed response when exposed at 1/10 concentration of field dose for imidacloprid and the least at 1/100 of field dose. At control (Sugar solution) about 90% bees showed PER response. Among these neonicotinoid insecticides tested, imidacloprid and acetamiprid were the most damaging which impaired the olfactory learning performance in Apis mellifera. Bombyx mori silkworm has many silkworm varieties and the structure and properties of silk can be varied depending on the silkworm variety. Therefore, the choice of proper silkworm variety can be an effective way to control and improve the performance of silk materials in biomedical and cosmetic applications. As a preliminary study, in the present study, thirty nine Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons were prepared and their molecular conformation and crystallinity were examined. Molecular conformation and the crystallinity of silkworm cocoons were different depending on the silkworm variety. Interestingly, the crystallinity index of outside of cocoon was different from that of inside of cocoon and the difference between the crystallinities of outside and inside of cocoon was varied depending on the silkworm variety. In this study, the silkworm variety cocoons were classified into three groups (Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3) based on the difference of crystallinities between outside and inside.