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Playing with Fire: Islamism and Politics in Bangladesh
Martin Griffiths,Mubashar Hasan 서울대학교행정대학원 2015 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.23 No.2
This article examines Bangladesh in the context of the debate over the conditions under which Islamist groups are likely to subvert democracy or to be transformed by the democratic process. Bangladesh signals two conditions that play an important role. Thefirst is the role of governments in promoting religion as a source of national identity. Successive governments in Bangladesh have consistently moved away from the promise of secularism that underpinned the creation of the country. The danger of establishing political legitimacy on the basis of religion is the absence of any authoritative interpretation of what religion requires in terms of public policy and how it can coexist with basic liberal freedoms and human rights. The second condition is the role of the government in providing and adequately regulating basic public goods such as education.
An Ellipse-Shaped Leaky-Wave Antenna Array for X-Band Aerial Landing System
Basir Shahid,Sarfraz Mubashar,Ghauri Sajjad A.,Mohammad Nooh Bany 한국전자파학회 2022 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.22 No.3
In this paper, an antenna array for the X-band aerial landing system has been proposed. The proposed antenna is an ellipse-shaped leakywave array radiating in slow mode wave and has a scanning range of 75° for different inter-element spacing. Four antenna arrays were designed: two with 60 elements and two with 30 elements each, all operating from 9.3 GHz to 12.3 GHz providing a gain of 30 dBi and 20 dBi, respectively. To verify the performance, a 15-element sub-array having an overall size of 210 mm × 30 mm and achieving a total gain of 17 dBi was fabricated and tested. The proposed sub-array was fabricated using Rogers Duroid5880 (<i>εr</i> = 2.2 and h = 1.575 mm). It has been shown through comparison of radiation patterns that measured and simulation results are in good agreement.
Asmatullah Khan,Syed Mubashar Sabir,Halima Nazar,Abdul Hamid,Khan Usmanghani,Hussain Ali 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.4
The antioxidant properties of aqueous extractsof 6 medicinal plants, Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula(black and yellow), Terminalia arjuna, BalsamodendronMukul, and Alium sativum against lipid peroxidation inmouse tissues were investigated. Extracts showed inhibitionagainst thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS)induced by pro-oxidant (5 μM sodium nitroprusside) in themouse brain and liver. Extracts displayed high free radicalscavenging activities against DPPH (IC50, 23.23±1.2 μg/mL, P. emblica), 20.24±0.9 μg/mL (T. chebula yellow),17.33±1.1 μg/mL (T. chebula black), 19.44±0.45 μg/mL (T. arjuna), 56.59±2.1 μg/mL (Balsamo-dendron Mukul), andhigher than 200 μg/mL (A. sativum). Higher antioxidantand inhibitory effects of T. chebula black are attributed toa higher phenolic content, Fe(II) chelating ability, reducingability, nitric oxide radical scavenging, and free radicalscavenging activity. Oxidative stress in the brain and livercould potentially be managed/prevented by dietary intakeof these plants.
Saira Ishaq,Habib Ahmad Rathore,Syed Mubashar Sabir,Muhammad Saeed Maroof 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.2
Elaeagnus umbellata is a plant that grows in the hilly areas of Pakistan. Free radical scavenging activities and anti-lipid peroxidative properties of hot water, methanol, n-hexane, and acetone extracts of E. umbellata berries were evaluated. Extracts showed inhibition against thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) induced using the pro-oxidants iron (10 μM FeSO4) and sodium nitroprusside (5 μM) in brain and liver homogenates of mice. Extracts also showed metal chelating activities of IC50 (extract concentration that causes 50% scavenging)=40-43 μg/mL and DPPH radical scavenging activities of IC50=45.4- 49 μg/mL. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic, vanillic, coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and caffeic acids in berries. The fruit of E. umbellata is a potential source of antioxidants with therapeutic importance.
Hajira Haroon,Tayyab Ashfaq,Syed Mubashar Hussain Gardazi,Tauqir Ali Sherazi,Muhammad Ali,Naim Rashid,Muhammad Bilal 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.10
Cr(VI) adsorption onto Eucalyptus camaldulensis sawdust (ECS) waste was investigated in batch and column reactors. Various parameters, including the adsorbent dose, pH, initial concentration, particle size, contact time and temperature were optimized. The maximum adsorption capacity (35.58mg g−1, 71.16%) was achieved at pH 2.0. Data fitted well to Freundlich and Halsey’s models (R2=0.992), indicating the multilayer adsorption of Cr(VI). It obeys the pseudo-second order kinetics. Endothermic and non-spontaneous nature of Cr(VI) adsorption was observed with positive values of changes in enthalpy (9.83 kJ mol−1), and Gibbs-free energy (1.52, 1.38, 1.24, 1.10 and 0.97 kJmol−1), respectively. In this column study, the breakthrough curve time increased from 670 to 1,270min by increasing the bed height from 5 to 15 cm, respectively. Column data was found well fitted to bed depth service time model. Adsorption capacity at 60% breakthrough was 2,443.636mg L−1. The study indicates that ECS waste can be a promising adsorbent for Cr(VI) remediation from industrial effluents.
DSCE: Comparative Analysis of Heuristic Computational Techniques
Nooh Bany Muhammad,Sajjad A. Ghauri,Mubashar Sarfraz,Adnan Aftab 대한전자공학회 2021 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.10 No.3
A frequency-selective fast-fading channel degrades the performance of a signal as it introduces inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). Equalization is the process of eliminating ISI and ICI by adaptively updating the tap weights of the FIR filter. The work presented utilizes various heuristic computational techniques (HCTs) to adaptively update the weights for doubly selective channel equalization (DSCE). Various HCTs are also compared, including genetic algorithms (GAs), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), cat swarm optimization (CSO), bee colony optimization (BCO), hybrid GA-PSO (HGP), and the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA). Extensive simulations were performed in MATLAB, and the simulation results show that PSO outperforms the other HCTs in terms of computational time complexity and FoM.
Variability and Predictability of Summer Monsoon Rainfall over Pakistan
Adnan Muhammad,Khan Firdos,Rehman Nadia,Ali Shaukat,Hassan Sher Shah,Dogar Muhammad Mubashar,Mehmood Shahbaz,Hasson Shabehul 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.1
Rainfall variability associated with the South Asian Summer Monsoon has increased in recent decades, particularly at the northwestern monsoon margins over Pakistan, leading to more frequent and intense hydro-meteorological extremes that have adversely affected the agrarian economy, water and food security in the country. Devising effective strategies to ensure sustainable development in Pakistan thus requires that the monsoonal rainfall be predicted on an inter-annual scale. Here, we predicted the inter- and intra-annual variability of the monsoonal rainfall over Pakistan and its possible drivers using a linear statistical forecast model of the principal component (PC) regression analysis. For this purpose, highly correlated PCs of the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) based sea level pressure, horizontal and meridional winds to the observed rainfall for the period 2001–2013 were ingested in a stepwise multiple regression model, which was further validated for the duration of 2014–2015. Our results suggest that featuring correlation coefficient, mean absolute error, mean bias, and root mean square error of 0.75, 42.23, −14.92 and 60.65, respectively, the model exhibits robust skill in predicting the inter-annual monsoonal rainfall variability at its extreme northwestern margins over Pakistan.
Akhtar Muhammad Uzair,Hifzulrahman,Pasha Talat Naseer,Avais Muhammad,Khan Nauman,Chishti Ghazanfar Ali,Ali Mubashar,Imran Muhammad,Tahir Muhammad Naeem,Naveed-ul-Haque Muhammad 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.6
Objective: Hyperketonemia remains a major metabolic issue of serious milk production and a major health concern in early lactation cows. Oral supplementation of glucose precursors (GP) can be used to prevent hyperketonemia in dairy cows. The objective of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of orally supplementing a mixture of GP on metabolic health indicators and milk production status of primiparous (PP) and multiparous (MP) dairy cows. Methods: Twenty-eight Holstein cows were blocked by expected date of parturition, previous lactation yield, and parity. The cows were randomly allocated to one of the four treatment groups (n = 7 cows/group) based on their parity and GP supplementation: i) PP cows fed basal diet only (PP-CON), ii) PP cows with oral supplementation of GP (PP-GP), iii) MP cows fed basal diet only (MP-CON), and iv) MP cows with oral supplementation of GP (MP-GP). Glucose precursor (glycoline liquid) was orally drenched (300 mL/d) in GP cows from 7 days prepartum through 7 days postpartum. Other than GP supplementation, all cows were fed similar pre- and postpartum basal diets. Results: In both pre- and postpartum periods, serum glucose concentration was increased, whereas β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids were decreased in GP cows compared with the CON cows. Milk yield and milk components were statistically not different between GP and CON cows over the first 9 week of lactation. The yield of actual milk, energycorrected milk, 63-days cumulative milk, colostrum yield, and calf birth weight remained higher in MP cows compared with PP cows. Conclusion: Oral drenching of GP around calving can be recommended to successfully improve the metabolic health and reduce the negative effects of hyperketonemia not only in MP but also in PP dairy cows.