Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, In Hye,Shin, Bich Na,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Lee, Deuk-Sik,Kim, Myong Jo,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Springer-Verlag 2012 Experimental brain research Vol.223 No.2

<P>Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100?ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment. In the control groups, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum pyramidal (SP) of the HP and in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the SP and GCL; however, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum oriens of the HP in both the groups. Thereafter, intermediate IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the SP and GCL. On the other hand, intermediate IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected in the SP and GCL of the control groups. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-4 immunoreactivity in the SP and GCL was apparently increased. Thereafter, IL-4 immunoreactivity was lower than that at 6?h post-treatment. In brief, IL-2 and 4 immunoreactivities were easily detected in SP and GCL in the controls and dramatically decreased and increased at 6?h post-treatment, respectively.</P>

사람 치은 섬유아세포에서의 Tannerella forsythia 전세균, 막단백질, 당지질에 의한 염증성 사이토카인 발현

김정은,이성훈,최봉규,구기태,김태일,이용무,구영,정종평,류인철,Kim, Jung-Eun,Lee, Sung-Hoon,Choi, Bong-Kyu,Koo, Ki-Tae,Kim, Tae-Il,Lee, Yong-Moo,Ku, Young,Chung, Chong-Pyoung,Rhyu, In-Chul 대한치주과학회 2008 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.38 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate induction of cytokine expression in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) by whole cell and the components of T. forsythia. Material and Methods: After HGFs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), membrane protein isolated from T. forsythia or culture media of T. forsythia, the induction of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-8 was examined with real-time PCR and ELISA. Their induction ability of cytokines was compared with whole bacteria. Result: The expression of IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly induced in HGFs by whole bacteria and membrane protein. The expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ was induced by membrane protein of T. forsythia, not by whole bacteria. LPS and condition media of T. forsythia slightly activated HGFs. Conclusion: The membrane protein of T. forsythia could be one of virulence factors.

재한줌머공동체의 ‘실금’과 한국사회의 다문화 수용력

유승무(Ryu, Seung-Moo),신종화(Shin, Jong-Hwa),박종일(Park Jong-il),이태정(Lee, Tae-Jeong),박수호(Park, Su-Ho) 고려대학교 아세아문제연구소 2013 亞細亞硏究 Vol.56 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to highlight, with the help of the Jumma community, a refugee community in Korea, the way in which the immigrant community is affected by the combination of the two factors, the adaptibility of the immigrants and the receptibility of Korean society. The main argument is to identify the fact that the components of the pre-state identities, which detonates the refugeefication, lead the internal differentiation of the refugee community due to the refugee’s strategy of adaptation, on the one hadn, and the characteristics of supporting organizations of the protection states, on the other. In this paper, first, the special aspects of refugees in their development are investigated, and, second, the Jumma community’s effort to keep their pre-state identities and the formative process of the Jumma community in Korea are evaluated. Thu authors identify the phenomenon of differentiation among refugees through the relationship with the supporting organizations in Korea. This division process of the refugee community possibly accelerates the dissolution and break-up of immigrant community. For this reason, the systematic management of refugees is also required. The outcome of this research includes: first, the immigrant community, which has been assumed as the united and homogeneous community, is internally evolved to different directions; second, the evolution of the immigrant community is led or strengthened by the supporting organizations in Korea which is relate to their own interests; third, the research on refugees, which has been alienated in the immigration and multiculturalsim studies for a long time, is evoked loudly; the importance of religion for the refugees’ adaptation process to the protecting country; last but not least, the Korean society is asked for its multicultural receptive policies to respect the tradition of the immigrant community and to manage their internal differentiation.

삼기음(三氣飮)이 흰쥐의 Monosodium Iodoacetate 유발 골관절염에 미치는 영향

이경무 ( Kyung Moo Lee ),정수현 ( Su Hyeon Jeong ),김순중 ( Soon Joon Kim ),서일복 ( Il Bok Seo ) 한방재활의학과학회 2008 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Samgi-eum(Sanqi-yin) on the monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Methods : Osteoarthritis was induced by injection of monosodium iodoacetate intraarticularly in both knee joints. Arthritic rats were divided into control and treated group. Control group were taken distilled water for 20days. Treated group were taken extracts of Samgi-eum(Sanqi-yin) by orally for the same duration. Normal group were injected normal saline and taken distilled water. Body weights were measured at 0, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th day after injection. At the end of the experiment, gross and histopathological examination on the articular cartilages of the knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan contents of articular cartilages were analyzed by safranine O staining method. The contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in synovial fluids were analyzed by ELISA method. Results : 1. Body weights of the treated group were significantly increased compared with control at 20days after injection. 2. Grossly, the severity of osteoarthritis in the treated group were alleviated compared with control. 3. Histopathologically, degenerative and necrotic lesion of articular cartilages in the treated group were alleviated compared with those of the control and histopathological scores of treated group were significantly decreased compared with control. 4. PG contents in articular cartilages of the treated group were significantly increased compared with control. 5. TNF-α contents in synovial fluids of the treated group were significantly decreased compared with control. Conclusions : According to above results, Samgi-eum(Sanqi-yin) has anti-arthritic effects on the monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. And it is related with reduced secretion of TNF-α from osteoarthritic chondrocytes and synovial membranes.

골수이식 후 사이토카인과 골교체 생화학적표지자의 변화 및 상관관계

민우성,강무일,한제호,강성구,오기원,이원영,김혜수,문성대,손현식,신완식,김춘추,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.1

Background : Loss of bone mass is usually detected after BMT. The causes of bone loss are related with gonadal dysfunction and immunosuppressants. Cytokines, especially IL-6, play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the pathogenetic role of cytokines in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes of cytokines in accordance with bone turnover markers are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of bone turnover markers and cytokines of peripheral blood and bone marrow before and after allogeneic BMT. Methods : This prospective study included two analyses. The first was a study of 46 BMT recipients, examining the relationship between bone turnover markers and cytokines of serum which were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 3 months after BMT. The second was a study of 14 BMT patients, measuring bone marrow plasma cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-? at post-BMT 3 week and bone turnover marker at the same time to assess the relationship beween two parameters. Results : Serum ICTP, bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 4 weeks (peak) after BMT and then decreased thereafter. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation marker, decreased progressively until 3 weeks after BMT and then increased thereafter. There was positive correlation between serum ICTP and bone marrow IL-6 levels at the post-BMT 3 week with a statistical significance, but the correlation between bone turnover markers and bone marrow TNF-? or peripheral blood cytokines was not found. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the progressive increase of bone resorption after BMT is related with the increase of bone marrow IL-6, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vivo(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:85-96, 2000).

STUDIES ON IMMUNOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF METHAMPHETAMINE (MA) IN Balb/C MICE II. The Functional Alteration of Effector Cells in Immune System

Lim, Chae-Woong,Rim, Byung-Moo,Lee, Ho-Il,Kim, Sang-Ho Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 1995 Toxicological Research Vol.11 No.1

Several populations of lymphocytes possess receptors for autonomic neurotransmitter, which make lymphocytes susceptible to autonomic stimulation. This study was to evaluate the functional alternation of effector cells of the immune system. Female Balb/C mice, 15-20 g, were injected with MA subcutaneously under various conditions. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) showed certain T cell subsets were affected by MA. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was inhibited due to a defect in expression of the IL-2 receptor. In mice injected with 20 mg MA/kg, 1 day before assay, phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages showed $14.07\pm3%$, which was similar degree to 5 mg MA/kg treatment for 4 consecutive days. Phagocytosis was almost recovered to that of control after 4 day in 20 mg/kg injected mice. Maximum inhibition of plaque forming cell (PFC) occurred when MA was given early, indicating the inductive time point of antibody production was affected. The cortisol level increased in the MA treated group (0.05, 0.20, and $0.08{\mu}g$/dl for control, low, and high dose-MA treated mice, respectively). Based on these results, MA has general suppression effects on the immune systems by functional alteration of effector cells. Considering the increment of serum cortisol levels, MA partially impacts the neuroendocrine system to lead to failure of immune response.

Ginsenoside Rg1 enhances CD4^(+) T-cell activities and modulates Th1/Th2 differentiation

Lee, Eui-joon,Ko, Eunjung,Lee, Jinwoo,Rho, Samwoong,Ko, Seonggyu,Shin, Min-Kyu,Min, Byung-il,Hong, Moo-Chang,Kim, Si-young,Bae, Hyunsu WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Panax ginseng is commonly used as a tonic medicine in Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Japan. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rg1 in P. ginseng increases the proportion of T helper(Th) cells among the total number of T cells and promotes IL-2 gene expression in murine splenocytes. This implies that ginsenoside Rg1 increases the immune activity of CD4 T cells, however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. The present study elucidated the direct effect of Rg1 on helper T-cell activities and on Th1/Th2 lineage development. The results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg1 had no mitogenic effects on unstimulated CD4^(+) T cells, but augmented CD4^(-) T-cell proliferation upon activation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 autibodies in a dose-dependent manner. Rg1 also enhanced the expression of cell surface protein CD69 on CD4^(-) T cells. In Th0 condition, ginsenoside Rg1 increases the expression of IL-2 mRNA, and enhances the expression of IL-4 mRNA on CD4^(+) T cells, suggesting that Rg1 prefers to induce Th2 lineage development. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 increases IL-4 secretion in CD4^(+) T cells under Th2 skewed condition, while decreasing IFN-ysecretion of cells in Th1 polarizing condition. Thus, Rg1 enhances Th2 lineage development from the naive CD4^(+) T cell both by increasing Th2 specific cytokine secretion and by repressing Th1 specific cytokine production. Therefore, these results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 is a desirable agent for enhancing CD4^(-) T-cell activity, as well as the correction of Th1-dominant pathological disorders.

Suppression of IgE production and modulation of Th1/Th2 cell response by electroacupuncture in DNP-KLH immunized mice

Park, Moon-Baik,Ko, Eunjung,Ahn, Changjoon,Choi, Hyun,Rho, Samwoong,Shin, Min-Kyu,Hong, Moo-Chang,Min, Byung-Il,Bae, Hyunsu WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Effects of electroacupuncturc (EA) on Th1/Th2 cell response were investigated in BALB/c mice immunized intraperitoneally with 2,4-dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet protein (DNP-KLH). Successive electroacupuncture stimulation on the ST36 acupoint was performed just after immunization. Serum levels of antigen-specific lgE and total lgE were significantly decreased compared with non-acupunctured controls. Production of the Th2-specific cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 in the anti-CD3 mAb-activated splenocytes was significantly suppressed in ST36 electroacupunctured mice compared with non-acupunctured mice. These results imply that successive electroacupuncture on ST36 can decrease the serum level of antigen-specific lgE and total lgE by suppression of the Th2 lineage development.

내측회장동맥에 의해 형성된 척수경막동정맥루로 인한 척수병증 1예

이일형,배재천,이상무,김진혁,권기한,이병철 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.3

방사선 조사에 의한 흰주 난포의 퇴축과 난포세포의 방사선 감수성

김수일,한승로,조근자,허대영,이영호,조문준,김무강,김원식 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

The aim of this study were to investigate radiation-induced atresia and radiation susceptibility in the rat ovary morphologically. Female rats (Sprague Dawley strain) of 4 weeks old were irradiated with dose of 4 Gy and 8 Gy, and sacrificed at hour 6, 12, and 24 after radiation. The H & E stain, the TUNEL method (ApopTag kit) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. In light microscopic observation, the number of atresia of ovarian follicles were increased significantly at 6h after irradiation (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between 4 Gy and 8 Gy irradiated groups. In TEM observation, granulosa cells in radio-sensitive follicles were characterized by several structural features including condensation of nuclear chromatin granules, nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic body formation. An apoptotic cell is observed to have been phagocytosed by a normal granulosa cell. Granulosa cells in radio-resistant follicles were characterized by several structural features including nuclear indentation, partial condensation of chromatin granules, mitochondrial swelling, dilatation of RER cisterns, accumulation of dense irregular masses, accumulation of lipid droplets, and increased lysosomal bodies. Number of gap junctions between granulosa cells were decreased, and intercellular space were widen than that of control animals. These findings were prominent at 6h after irradiation and were diminished at 12h and 24h after irradiation. With these results, it was concluded that radiation-induced follicular cell apoptosis and ovarian follicular atresia in rat ovary increased considerably at 6h after irradiation. Further studies are needed to reveal the more extensive differences between radiosensitive and radioresistant follicular granulosa cells.