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Applications of BOTDR fiber optics to the monitoring of underground structures
Moffat, Ricardo A.,Beltran, Juan F.,Herrera, Ricardo Techno-Press 2015 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.9 No.3
Three different applications for monitoring displacements in underground structures using a BOTDR-based distributed optical fiber strain sensing system are presented. These applications are related to the strain measurements of (1) instrumented PVC tube designed to be attached to tunnel side wall and ceiling as a sensor; (2) rock bolts for tunnels; and (3) shotcrete lining under loading. The effectiveness of using the proposed strain sensing system is evaluated by carrying out laboratory tests, in-situ measurements, and numerical simulations. The results obtained from this validation process provide confidence that the optical fiber is able to quantify strain fields under a variety of loading conditions and consequently use this information to estimate the behavior of rock mass during mining activity. As the measuring station can be located as far as 1 km of distance, these alternatives presented may increase the safety of the mine during mining process and for the personnel doing the measurements on the field.
The Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane on Silica - Supported Metal - Oxygen Cluster Compounds
홍성수 ( J. B. Moffat ) 한국공업화학회 1993 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.1993 No.0
The Oxidation of hydrocarbons is a subject of considerable industrial importance. While catalytic studies have focused on methane, for reasons of its predominance in natural gas, less work has been reported on ethane. Research on the oxidation of ethane is of value since products such as ethylene and acetaldehyde have applications as precursors to commercial materials. In addition, information on the oxidation of ethane may be useful in understanding other oxidation processes such as involving methane. In present work the partial oxidation of ethane on silica-supported MOCC, 12-molybdophosphoric, 12-molybdosilicic, 12-tungstophosphoric and 12- tungstosphoric acids has been studied. Particular emphasis has been placed on the effect of reaction variables, the rates of reaction and a comparison of N<sub>2</sub>O and O<sub>2</sub> as oxidants with silica-supported HPMo. In addition, the effect of TCM introduced into reactant was examined. As a result, the conversion of ethane and yield of acetaldehyde has maximum values at a loading of 20 wt%. With nitrous oxide as an oxidant, acetaldehyde and ethylene were the principal products, while carbon monoxide and ethylene were main products with oxygen. The reaction orders of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O were 0.8 and 0.6 respectively with nitrous oxide as an oxidant, the orders of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O were 0.7 and 0.4, respectively with oxygen as an oxidant. In addition, the addition of a small amount of TCM has shown the increment of catalytic activity.
7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Brain Glutamate in Acute Ischaemic Stroke
John-Paul Nicolo,Bradford Moffat,David K. Wright,Benjamin Sinclair,Andrew Neal,Elaine Lui,Patricia Desmond,Rebecca Glarin,Kathryn A. Davis,Ravinder Reddy,Bernard Yan,Terence J. O’Brien,Patrick Kwan 대한뇌졸중학회 2021 Journal of stroke Vol.23 No.2
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Lee, Gun Dae,Hong, Seong Soo,Moffat, J B 한국공업화학회 1995 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.1 No.1
In the oxidation of ethane with nitrous oxide on silica-supported 12-molybdophosphoric acid, the addition of small quantities of tetrachloromethane(TCM) to the feed stream increases the activity and the yield of acetaldehyde. In addition, the effects of several variables such as loading of the catalysts, reaction temperature, partial pressure of reactants and residence time in the presence and absence of TCM, on the conversion and product distribution were observed. The kinetics in the presence of TCM also has been studied. The conversion and yield of acetaldehyde show maximum values at a loading of 20wt% both in the presence and absence of TCM. The apparent reaction order of ethane conversion in the presence of TCM is ca. 0.7 with respect to C₂H_6 and ca. 0.6 with respect to N₂O. In addition, the apparent activation energy is 19.91 kcal/mole.
Lang, Christian,Hiscock, Matthew,Larsen, Kim,Moffat, Jonathan,Sundaram, Ravi Korean Society of Microscopy 2015 Applied microscopy Vol.20 No.1
Here we show how by processing energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) data obtained using highly sensitive, new generation EDS detectors in the AZtec LayerProbe software we can obtain data of sufficiently high quality to non-destructively measure the number of layers in two-dimensional (2D) $MoS_2$ and $MoS_2/WSe_2$ and thereby enable the characterization of working devices based on 2D materials. We compare the thickness measurements with EDS to results from atomic force microscopy measurements. We also show how we can use electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to address fabrication challenges of 2D materials. Results from EBSD analysis of individual flakes of exfoliated $MoS_2$ obtained using the Nordlys Nano detector are shown to aid a better understanding of the exfoliation process which is still widely used to produce 2D materials for research purposes.
Superconformal Nickel Deposition in Through Silicon Vias: Experiment and Prediction
Braun, T. M.,Kim, S.-H.,Lee, H.-J.,Moffat, T. P.,Josell, D. The Electrochemical Society 2018 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.165 No.7
<P>This work examines the filling of Through Silicon Vias (TSV) by Ni deposition from a NiSO4 NiCl2 H3BO3 electrolyte containing a branched polyethyleneimine suppressor. Feature filling occurs due to the interaction of transport limited suppressor adsorption and its consumption by potential dependent metal deposition. The interaction between surface topography and suppressor transport yields a sharp transition from passive to active deposition within the TSV. The transition is associated with significant incorporation of the suppressor, or its components, within the Ni deposit that results in grain refinement evident by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Potential waveforms that progressively shift the location of the passive-active transition upward to optimize feature filling were examined. The evolution of feature filling and deposit microstructure are compared to predictions of a three-dimensional model that reflect critical behavior associated with suppressor-derived, S-shaped negative differential resistance (S-NDR). The model uses adsorption and consumption kinetics obtained from voltammetric measurements of the critical potential associated with suppression breakdown. Good agreement between experiment and simulation is demonstrated. (C) The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS.</P>