教材作成から得られる学術および教育的視点の一例 -作文テキスト『일본어작문코칭』を例として

MOCHIDA YUMIKO 한국일본어학회 2018 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.57

The purpose of this study is to considered to develop an effective Japanese textbookwithin the Korean context. In particular, the study employed an approach that is based on an analysis of “unnatural Japanese” produced by many intermediate-level learners due to the interference from their first language. The researcher used this approach to develop some new materials. At first, the researcher reviewed existing materials and monographs in the area of Japanese language and education, and found there were few studies that dealt with the issue in depth. For this reason, the researcher conducted a study and reviewed materials that have been collected at the educational site where she worked. As a result, it was found that the creation of new teaching materials was effective for Japanese language teachers. The effectiveness can be summarized as follows: 1. It was reconfirmed that the definition of words may vary between Korean and Japanese. 2.It was found that there is a difference in language use depending on the language environment of each teacher. 3.It was found that what needs to be taught varies. In this way, it was found that making teaching materials is effective not only for learners but also for teachers. For more effective study and education in the future, teachers should investigate that what learners cannot understand and why. 本研究においては韓国における日本語教材の作成に対して考察をしていった。特に学習の中級段階において顕在化する韓国語の母語干渉による不自然な日本語表現について先行研究を基に調査を行い、新たな教材の作成を目指した。本研究を通して教材作成が学習者だけではなく教師にも効果があることが明らかになったが、より実効性がある研究および教育のためには学習者が何を、またなぜ理解できないのかを探ろうとする教師側の模索こそが不可欠と言える

Comparison of various k-ε models and DSM applied to flow around a high-rise building - report on AIJ cooperative project for CFD prediction of wind environment -

Mochida, A.,Tominaga, Y.,Murakami, S.,Yoshie, R.,Ishihara, T.,Ooka, R. Techno-Press 2002 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.5 No.2

Recently, the prediction of wind environment around a building using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique comes to be carried out at the practical design stage. However, there have been very few studies which examined the accuracy of CFD prediction of flow around a high-rise building including the velocity distribution at pedestrian level. The working group for CFD prediction of wind environment around building, which consists of researchers from several universities and private companies, was organized in the Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) considering such a background. At the first stage of the project, the working group planned to carry out the cross comparison of CFD results of flow around a high rise building by various numerical methods, in order to clarify the major factors which affect prediction accuracy. This paper presents the results of this comparison.

OPI訓練生における「どう・どんな質問」の使用実態-「質問の型」からの調査-

MOCHIDA YUMIKO,하마바타시즈카 한국일어교육학회 2019 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.46

This study reports on the question formats for intermediate and advanced subjects, in particular the investigation of the actual usage of questions including “Dou” and “Donna”. We used an interview of a trainee aiming for ACTFL-OPI tester qualification. We focused on the next two points : First, the use tendency of the “question type” of the question sentence in the trainee's utterance. Second, a co-occurrence relation between ‘Dou’, ‘Donna’ and the following vocabulary. The result of the survey confirms that in “type of question”, “Questions asking for facts and information” and “yes/no questions” were used, accounting for over 60% for both intermediate and advanced grades. In “Questions asking for facts and information”, there are many cases of using “Dou, Donna questions”, and those with a high percentage of use in other types of questions are “Preface type question” and “Hypothetical questions”. Considering the vocabulary following “Dou” “Donna”, there were many questions in the form of “Donna + N” and “Dou + V”. In the type of “Donna + N”, N has a format noun, and in the type of “Dou + V”, V has many thinking verbs. 本研究はACTFL-OPI(Oral Proficiency Interview)テスター資格を目指す訓練生(以下、訓練生)のインタビュー を調査資料として、中級・上級被験者に対する質問形式、特に「どう」「どんな」類の含まれる質問(以下、「ど う・どんな質問」と称する)に着目し、その使用実態を調査したものである。被験者の効果的な発話抽出のため には、テスター側の質問が目的に応じた的確なものであることが求められる。ここでは、訓練生の発話におけ る質問文の「質問の型」の使用傾向や、「どう・どんな質問」の「どう」「どんな」などの疑問詞と、それに後続する 語彙との共起関係を中心に考察した。 調査の結果、質問文の「質問の型」において「事実や情報を求める疑問文」「『はい/いいえ』疑問文」の多用が確 認でき、中級・上級共に60%以上を占めていた。「どう・どんな質問」は、「事実や情報を求める疑問文」の中で 最も多く使用され、それ以外の「質問の型」では、「前置き型の質問」と「仮定的な質問」の使用割合が高かった。 また、「どう・どんな質問」の「どんな」「どう」などの疑問詞に後続することばをタイプ別に考察すると、「ど んな+N」と「どう+V」の形式での質問文が多かった。「どんな+N」のNには形式名詞が、「どう+V」のVには思考 動詞が多く、特に上級レベルでは複文レベルまたは段落レベルでの発話が必要となる内容説明や状況説明な どを求める際にこれらの質問を使用する傾向が見られた。

日本国内における謝罪研究の動向と展望

MOCHIDA YUMIKO,Nakamura Yuri 한국일본어학회 2019 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.59

This paper categorized, aggregated, and reviewed 92 linguistics studies on apology that could be searched by "CiNii Articles". As a result, this paper reached the following seven trends and perspectives. (1) Looking at the number of papers by year of publication, it is the largest in 2005-2009 and there is a tendency to decrease gently after that. From this trend and the universality of the subject “apology”, it is unlikely that there will be a drastic increase or decrease in apology research from now on. (2) Looking at the number of papers by types of languages being studied, there are overwhelmingly many ones targeting only Japanese, followed by contrastive studies of Japanese and Chinese, Japanese and English, Japanese and Korean in order. (3) The total number of papers shows a decreasing trend. In the other hand, apology research on Japanese shows an increasing trend. (4) There are overwhelming majority of papers related to the “spoken language”, but the proportion decreases after 2015. From now on it can be expected that the research on “typing language ” will increase. (5) Overwhelming majority of studies used “actual observation” and questionnaire. In particular, “actual observation” showed a stable appearance rate. (6) As a result of aggregating about keywords, researchers could confirm the point that the fixed form expression is emphasized in the Japanese apology, the feeling of apology and gratitude are connected, in Japanese apologies it focus on guilt and the burden of the other party. Moreover, the apology were related to other politeness behaviors. (7) A part of the future tasks is survey targeting working adults and survey using corpus. 본 연구에서는 ‘CiNii Articles’에서 검색된 언어학분야의 사죄연구 총92편을 분류, 집계하여 개관하였다. 그 결과, 동향과 전망을 다음 7가지유형으로 도출하였다. (1) 발행연도별로 논문수를 보면 2005~2009년에 가장 많고, 그 후 완만한 감소 경향이 보인다. 이 경향과 ‘사죄’라는 주제의 보편성을 고려하여 앞으로 사죄연구가 가파르게 증가, 감소한다고는 생각하기 어렵다. (2) 대상언어별로 논문수를 보면 일본어만을 대상으로 한 것이 압도적으로 많고, 중일, 영일, 한일 대조연구가 그 다음으로 이어진다. 그 것을통하여 일본어에 관한 연구의 향후 가능성, 국제어로서 시장가치가 높은 영어에 대한 관심, 문화접촉의 기회가 많은 이웃 나라 언어에 대한 학술적 관심을 볼 수 있다. (3)논문 총수자체는 감소경향을 나타내는 것과는 대조적으로 일본어에 관한 사죄연구는 증가경향을 나타내며, 연구의 여지가 아직 남아 있다는 것을 가리킨다고 볼 수 있다. (4) ‘구어’, ‘문어’, ‘타어(打ちことば)’별로 논문수를 보면, 구어에 관한 논문이 전체 80%가량을 차지하고 있으나, 2015년 이후에는 그 비율이약간 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 근년 SNS가 커뮤니케이션의 중심적인 매체가 되어 있다는 것을 감안해도 앞으로는 타어(打ちことば)에 관한연구가 서서히 증가하여 그 것에 따라 구어에 관한 연구는 감소할 것으로 예상이 된다. (5) 조사방법별로 논문수를 보면 실태조사에 의한 것과 설문조사에 의한 것이 압도적으로 많고, 특히 실태조사는 계속 안정적인 출현율을 나타내고 있다. 그 것으로 앞으로도 사죄라는 언어행동의 조사방법으로서는 실태조사가 계속 주류가 될 것이 예상된다. (6) 키워드에 대해서 집계한 결과, 정형 표현이 일본어 사죄에 있어서 중요시된다는 점이나 사죄와 감사의 감각이 관련되어 있다는 점, 일본어사죄에 있어서는 죄악감이나 상대의 부담에 착목한다는 점, 사죄가 다른 배려행동과 서로 관련되어 있다는 점 등이 선행연구를 증명하는 식으로 확인되었다. (7) 조사 자료에 관해서 본 결과, 사회인을 대상으로 한 조사나, 코퍼스(corpus)를 이용한 조사가 적어, 앞으로의 과제로 제안된다.

日韓の関係修復行動としての謝罪に関する一考察 -アンケート結果と日本人観光客がした口コミの質的考察を通して-

MOCHIDA YUMIKO 한국일본어학회 2018 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.55

In this study, the researcher investigated instances where something was wrong in the interpersonal relationship between Japanese and Koreans, and the attempted actions taken to repair the relationship. In particular, the researcher conducted a questionnaire survey to clarify how unfriendly relationships were dealt with, using a customer service setting. As a result, a difference was found in what participants felt in the second unpleasant feeling. While Japanese participants gave low evaluations for “excuse without dealing”, the Korean participants gave low evaluations for “non-responsive / expressionless without dealing”. The Korean participants also did not give low evaluations for “making excuses” itself either. In addition, fora question which asked “What is sometimes seen in your country, despite being undesirable?”,Korean participants responded with “excuse without dealing”. In this research, it was shown that excuses are not welcomed in Japanese society, and this reinforces the idea which Sugimoto (1998) stated, that "a desirable apology for the Japanese is selfless surrender". 本研究においては、日韓の対人関係において何かミスがあった場合、どのように関係修復行動がなされるかという点について調べた。特に、親しい間柄ではなく、親しくはない間柄においてはどうかという点を明らかにするために、接客場面という場面を設定して、アンケート調査を実施した。 その結果、2番目に不愉快であると感じるものについて差が見られた。日本人は、<対処せずに言い訳>をすることに対して低く評価したのに対して、韓国人は<対処せずに無反応・無表情>であることに対しての評価が低く、言い訳に関してはさほど低い評価をしなかった。また、「あなたの国において、望ましくはないかもしれないが、まあまあ見られること」はどれかを選ぶ質問に対し、韓国人は<対処せず言い訳>について、それが見られると答えた数値が日本人より高かった。 つまり、日本社会において言い訳が歓迎されない態度であることが立証されたが、これは、sugimoto(1998)の述べた、日本人にとっての望ましい謝罪とは無私の降伏であるという考えを補強するものともなった。

韓国語母語話者への「マス形+ながら」の効果的な指導-「(으)면서」との対比を通じて-

MOCHIDA YUMIKO,이부키사야카 한국일본어학회 2017 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.52

The purpose of this study is to provide an effective method for teaching the sentence pattern "v-マス+ながら" to Korean native speakers who study Japanese. Japanese and Korean have many similarities, and because of this, "language transfer" or "Cross-linguistic influence" occur often. "v-マス+ながら" and "(으)면서" is one such case. Three steps were taken to investigate the effectiveness of the teaching method. First, precedent studies about "v-マス+ながら" were checked and reclassified to make them usable in the classroom. Second, the researchers delivered a lesson and conducted a test to discover the effect of "v-マス+ながら". During the lesson, which was less than one hour long, the researchers bore the following points in mind: (i) Use words that are easy to understand, and (ii) Do not use any linguistic words or concepts. Finally, the researchers undertook several simple tests to discover the educational effect. As a result, by examining the percentage of questions answered correctly, it was evident that the method has a positive effect. The examination that was conducted immediately after the class showed that the percentage of the most correctly-answered question increased by 80%. When the same test was taken exactly one month later, it was also 92%. Based on these results, it can be said that the teaching method was effective. The issue to be addressed in the future will be how to make it easy to understand momentary verbs and teach them more effectively. 本研究は、韓国人日本語学習者に対して「マス形+ながら」という文型をより効果的に教授することを目的としている。日本語と韓国語は対応する部分が多く、そのために母語転移の負の干渉が起こりやすい。「マス形+ながら」(以下「ながら」)と「(으)면서」(以下「면서」)もその一つである。 「면서」と「ながら」について先行研究を調べ、それぞれが対応しないものに関して、現場で生かしやすいように再分類・整理し、それを使用した調査兼授業を行った。調査授業は、わかりやすい言葉で、言語学的な用語や概念を用いないことに留意しつつ、全てを1時間以内で行ったが、結果は明らかであった。 当該学習項目における正答率を調査した結果、教授直後の学習者の正答率は、一番良いもので80%強の上昇をみせた。同じものが、一ヶ月後においては92%であり、指導方法は効果的であったと言っていいだろう。 今後は、正答率の成果がさほど見られなかった「瞬間動詞」という項目について如何にわかりやすくかつ効果的に教えることができるのかを考えることが課題となる。

Condensation of independent variables in free vibration analysis of curved beams

Mochida, Yusuke,Ilanko, Sinniah Techno-Press 2016 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.3 No.1

In this paper, the condensation method which is based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method, is described for the free vibration analysis of axially loaded slightly curved beams subject to partial axial restraints. If the longitudinal inertia is neglected, some of the Rayleigh-Ritz minimization equations are independent of the frequency. These equations can be used to formulate a relationship between the weighting coefficients associated with the lateral and longitudinal displacements, which leads to "connection coefficient matrix". Once this matrix is formed, it is then substituted into the remaining Rayleigh-Ritz equations to obtain an eigenvalue equation with a reduced matrix size. This method has been applied to simply supported and partially clamped beams with three different shapes of imperfection. The results indicate that for small imperfections resembling the fundamental vibration mode, the sum of the square of the fundamental natural and a non-dimensional axial load ratio normalized with respect to the fundamental critical load is approximately proportional to the square of the central displacement.

日本人観光客の口コミから見る日韓謝罪文化の比較 -ミスに対して「謝罪がなかった」事例から-

MOCHIDA YUMIKO 한국일본언어문화학회 2015 일본언어문화 Vol.33 No.-

This study analyzed for the content of the “complaints” in Korea trip by Japanese tourists, in particular, focused on their feeling as “trouble, or problem” in the customer service scenes, and the service provider’s response to it, and investigated by targeting the customer’s reviews on the internet. The writer considered the typology (classification), similarities and features focusing on “no apology” or “the way of apology”, and targeted the difference of “apology culture” between Korea and Japan for the consideration as one of the factors which cause the “complaints”. Also, the writer picked up the case that the “complaints” were resolved because of the “apology act”, and pointed out the importance of apology for Japanese customer. Through this research, the Japanese response or not is important to the South Koreans is dealing with matters that it became clear. It became clear that the importance is “whether there is one’s reaction to complaints or not” for Japanese people, on the other hand, “whether there is one’s dealing with the complaints or not” for Koreans people through this study. From the result above, the writer examined about “presence or absence of the reaction for Japanese people” and “Korean people’s unresponsive, or silence” furthermore, and expanded the target of study as far as “the silence of the Korean culture” and “the response to the apology”. .

コロナ禍での日本における遠隔授業研究の動向 ― 2020年·2021年を中心とした記録的記述 ―

持田祐美子 ( Mochida Yumiko ) 한국일어교육학회 2022 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.59

「コロナ禍」が始まって約2年以上が経過した。世界中の教育機関が同時に経験したこの未曽有の困難への対処とそこから得られた知見は、学問分野を問わず多くの人が共有するべき知的財産であると言える。 本研究は、上記の考えをもとに、日本の遠隔教育研究の動向を分析し、将来の日本語教育に活用するための基礎的な資料研究である。 本研究においては、まず用語と概念の検討をしてから調査を開始し、その次に量的な調査によって、2020年に発表された論文142編と、2021年に発表された論文338編を研究対象とした。これらを概観・考察した結果、明らかになった傾向のうち、目立った点は以下のとおりである。 (1)「実践報告」が多数。 (2)具体的な研究方法がある場合、大学で行われた授業満足度やそれに関連するアンケート調査に関する研究が多数。結果は、音楽や看護などの対面実習が中心となる分野以外においては、学生たちは対面より遠隔を、遠隔の中でも同時双方向型よりオンデマンド型を支持したという報告が多かった(しかし、理解度やモチベーションなどの項目では対面や同時双方向型遠隔授業の数値が高いという報告も見られた)。 (3)紀要が圧倒的。他機関においても汎用可能な真理的追求の前に「うちではどうなのか」という報告が急務となったことが窺える。そして、調査機関が違うだけで研究結果が真逆になることがあることも本研究において明らかになった。 (4)日本語教育関係の研究論文は相対的に少ないが、他の座学系授業科目の研究報告と同様に、全体的に遠隔授業に対して好意的に述べている。 ポスト・コロナにおいて遠隔授業の採用を検討する際に本稿がその一助となることを期待したい。 It has been more than two years since the ‘COVID-19 pandemic (コロナ禍)’ started. This research is a basic material research to analyze trends in distance education research in Japan and utilize it for future Japanese language education. In this study, we first examined terms and concepts before starting the survey. Next, by quantitative research, 142 papers published in 2020 and 338 papers published in 2021 were selected as research subjects. Review and examination of these papers clarified the following. (1) Many “practice reports” were made. (2) If there is a specific research method, there are many studies on class satisfaction conducted at the university and related questionnaire surveys. According to result of investigation, there were many reports that students favored remote rather than face-to-face learning [lesson] and on-demand rather than simultaneous interactive learning [lesson], except in areas where face-to-face training was the main focus (e.g. Music, Nursing, etc). (3) There are overwhelmingly many 〈紀要:bulletins〉. It can be seen that there was an urgent need to report “what about us?” before pursuing a general truth in other institutions. (4) Although, there are relatively few research papers on Japanese language education, overall, these papers have a favorable view of distance learning.

Formation of copper oxides on copper foil surfaces in aqueous solutions with various amides

Akio Mochida,Kazunori Matsui 한국표면공학회 2013 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2013 No.11