Effect of oxidizing treatment on electrocatalytic activity of boron‑doped amorphous carbon thin films

Chen‑Song Wang,Ni Suo,Hao Huang,Ai‑min Wu,Guo‑Zhong Cao,Gui‑Feng Zhang 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5

Boron-doped amorphous carbon (BDAC) thin films with a regular oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity were synthesized in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition device using a mixture of CH4 and H2 as a gas source and B2O3 as a boron source and then oxidized in air at 380–470 °C for 15–75 min. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests were used to characterize the physical and electrochemical properties of the BDAC catalysts. It was concluded that the BDAC catalyst oxidized at 450 °C for 45 min showed the best ORR catalytic activity in alkaline medium. The oxygen reduction potential and the transfer electron number n, respectively, are − 0.286 V versus Ag/AgCl and 3.24 from the rotating disk electrode experiments. The treated carbon film has better methanol resistance and stability than the commercial Pt/C catalyst.

Meta-mordant Dyeing with Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze var. waldensae (S.Y.Hu) Chang (Yellow-bud Tea) Extract for Wool Fabrics Treated by UV Radiation

Cheng Chen,Min Li,Chunxia Wang,Shaohai Fu,Wenjun Yan,Chuansheng Chen 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.6

The wool fabrics were treated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and then dyed with Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze var. waldensae (S.Y.Hu) Chang (yellow-bud tea) extract using meta-mordant dyeing method. The results indicated that the hydrophilicity of wool fabrics was improved after UV radiation treatment, which was conducive in improving color performance for the meta-mordant dyeing with yellow-bud tea extract of wool fabrics. The optimal dyeing process was that the powdered extract (5.0 % o.w.f) and the CuSO4 (2.0 % o.w.f) were added to the dyeing liquor, the pH value was adjusted to 3.5-4.0 by HCOOH, the wool fabrics treated by UV radiation for 10 min and then were dyed at a bath ratio of 1:50 under 95 oC for 70 min. By means of three-factor quadratic current rotation revolving design (TQCRRD) method, the computation results of the mathematical equations and models indicated that UV radiation was the most important factor for meta-CuSO4 dyeing with yellow-bud tea extract for wool fabrics.

The Reluctance and Contradiction of National Duty of Protecting the Disadvantaged Groups : Rethinking the Case of Prohibition against the Non-vision Impaired to Engage in Massage Business

Chen,Shin-Min(陳新民) 한국비교공법학회 2011 公法學硏究 Vol.12 No.3

사회적 약자들에게 특별한 관심을 가져야 한다는 것은 국가의 불가피한 의무라는 점을 현대의 국가가 인정하고 있듯이, 그것은 단순한 법적 의무가 아니라 도덕적 의무이기도 하다. 한국 및 중화민국(대만) 헌법은 어떠한 망설임도 없이 그러한 의무를 확인하고 있다. 그러나 일상의 정치과정에서 헌법이 규정하거나 요구하는 대로 하는 것은 쉬운 일이 아니다. 한국의 판례는 사회적 약자인 국민에게 동정심을 가진 대부분의 국민들에게 만족을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 그것은 또한 헌법재판소가 시각장애인에게 불리한 결정을 내린 이후에 대만 사회로부터 비판을 받는 이유이기도 하다. 그러나 시각장애인을 위한 적극적 우선처우에 대한 논쟁들은 끝났는가? 아니면 결코 끝나지 않을 이야기로 남아 있는가? 내 생각에는 대만 법원은 중국의 전통 의학적 방법을 통한 안마, 한약재를 이용한 안마 (massage in herb), 향기 안마(massage in perfume) 및 의학적 회복치료, 심신이완 및 유행하고 있는 체중감량(body slimmer)과 같은 다양한 목적의 안마를 비롯한 안마 서비스의 다양성을 고려했다. 이러한 안마 서비스의 확대는 전통적인 안마사에게 필요한 순수한 손가락 기술(finger technique)뿐만 아니라 막대한 자본투자 및 특별한 훈련을 필요로 한다. 따라서 한국에서 안마사 자격의 제한은 아직 해결되지 않은 것으로 보인다. 대만 사건으로 되돌아가 보면, 3년의 유예기간 (three-year sunset term)은 만료가 가까워 졌다. 그러나 그 기관(Agency)은 시각장애인을 위한 근로의 기회를 보장하는 어떠한 적극적인 조치도 하지 않고 있는 것으로 보인다. 시각장애인과 같은 사회적 약자들을 위한 국가의 보호 의무에 관한 논의는 분명 헛구호(empty name)로만 존재한다. 대만 헌법 재판소의 결정은 시각장애인을 보호하는데 어떠한 특별한 국가의 의무가 없기 때문에, 안마사 자격 제한법(Prohibition law)을 심리하는 데에 앞서 말한 엄격심사 기준을 적용 하는 것은 부적절한 것으로 판단했어야 했다. 그러한 금지와 관련한 딜레마(prohibition-dilemma)에 관한 논쟁은 영국의 속담, 즉 숲속의 열 마리 새 보다 내손안의 한 마리 새가 낫다는 속담을 생각나게 하며, 시각장애인에게 근로의 기회를 부여하는 문제를 처리하는 데에도 마찬가지이다. 또한 유명한 미국의 대법관인 블랙먼(Harry A. Blackman)이 한 말, 즉 사람들을 평등하게 처우하기 위해서는 우리는 그들을 다르게 처우해야만 한다고 한 말도 생각난다. 결국 정부는 모든 일정 규모 이상의 공공병원 또는 개인병원에게 안마를 제공하는 진료부서(massage section)를 두어야 할 법적인 의무를 부과하고 시각장애인에게 광범위한 근로의 기회를 부여하는 소위 강제적인 고용정책을 입법화함으로써 보다 많은 근로의 기회를 제공할 가능성을 가지고 있다고 사료된다. As a modern country acknowledges that it is unavoidable duty of government to pay the special attention to the disadvantaged groups, it is not merely a legal duty but a moral one. The Korean and ROC (Taiwan) Constitutions confirm such obligation without any hesitation. But in the daily political process it is not an easy task as the Constitutions described or desired. The Korean Case may be satisfied by most citizens with sympathy to the disadvantaged fellow people. That is also the main critics from the Taiwan society after the Constitutional Court has revealed this vision-impaired hostile decision. However, the quarrels on the affirmative action for the vision-impaired have been out of the stage? Or it remains to be a never ending story? In my opinion, as the Taiwan Court has once consider that the diversities of massage service in modern day, including the massage in Chinese traditional medicine way, the massage in herb, the massage in perfume, and the different purpose for massage, such as for medical rehabilitation,body relaxation and even the fashioned body slimmer. These expansions of massage service need not only the pure finger technique as the traditional massager but also require a lot of financial investment and special training. So the restriction of massage market in Korea seems to remain unsolved. Looking back Taiwan case, the three-year sunset term is closed to end. But it seems to us that the Agency has not made any active measures to secure the working opportunity for the vision-impaired. The story about the national duty for the disadvantaged groups like the vision-impaired obviously exists in an empty name. The decision of the Taiwan Constitutional Court used the said strict scrutiny test to check the Prohibition law should be commended as unjust, as there would have no national special duty for protecting the vision-impaired. The dispute about the prohibition-dilemma reminds me of an English dialogue: a bird in hand is better than 10 birds in woods, it is the same to handle the secure working opportunity of the vision-impaired. It also reminds me of a very famous American Justice named Harry A. Blackman who once said; in order to treat some persons equally, we must treat them differently. Therefore it is my opinion that the government has the possibility to offer more working opportunity by enacting the so-called compulsory employment policy; namely, all hospitals public or private over some scales have the legal obligations to establish the massage section and provide the huge working possibility available for the vision-impaired. Maybe this could be the answer to resolve the problem properly

Effect of oxidizing treatment on electrocatalytic activity of boron-doped amorphous carbon thin films

Wang Chen-Song,Suo Ni,Huang Hao,Wu Ai-min,Cao Guo-Zhong,Zhang Gui-Feng 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.5

Boron-doped amorphous carbon (BDAC) thin films with a regular oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity were synthesized in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition device using a mixture of CH4 and H2 as a gas source and B2O3 as a boron source and then oxidized in air at 380–470 °C for 15–75 min. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical tests were used to characterize the physical and electrochemical properties of the BDAC catalysts. It was concluded that the BDAC catalyst oxidized at 450 °C for 45 min showed the best ORR catalytic activity in alkaline medium. The oxygen reduction potential and the transfer electron number n, respectively, are − 0.286 V versus Ag/AgCl and 3.24 from the rotating disk electrode experiments. The treated carbon film has better methanol resistance and stability than the commercial Pt/C catalyst.

p‐Type InP Nanopillar Photocathodes for Efficient Solar‐Driven Hydrogen Production

Lee, Min Hyung,Takei, Kuniharu,Zhang, Junjun,Kapadia, Rehan,Zheng, Maxwell,Chen, Yu‐,Ze,Nah, Junghyo,Matthews, Tyler S.,Chueh, Yu‐,Lun,Ager, Joel W.,Javey, Ali WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.43

<P><B>Perfekte Textur</B>: Der Einfluss der Oberflächen‐Nanotexturierung, der TiO<SUB>2</SUB>‐Passivierung und des Ru‐Cokatalysators auf die photoelektrochemische Wasserstoffentwicklung durch p‐InP‐Photokathoden wurde untersucht. Höhere Stromdichten und günstigere Onset‐Potentiale werden nach Oberflächen‐Nanotexturierung beobachtet. NHE=Normalwasserstoffelektrode.</P>

Telbivudine-Induced Myopathy: Clinical Features, Histopathological Characteristics, and Risk Factors

Min-Yu Lan,Hui-Chen Lin,Tsung-Hui Hu,Shu-Fang Chen,Chien-Hung Chen,Yung-Yee Chang,King-Wah Chiu,Tsu-Kung Lin,Shun-Sheng Chen 대한신경과학회 2023 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.19 No.1

Background and Purpose Oral nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) are the mainstay treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Myotoxicity is an important extrahepatic effect related to NA treatment. Telbivudine is the NA for CHB that is frequently associated with muscle-related side effects. The risk factors for telbivudine-induced myopathy (TIM) are not yet clear. Methods This study characterized the clinical, magnetic resonance images (MRI), and pathological features of 12 TIM cases. A group of telbivudine-tolerant (TT) patients with CHB who received regular telbivudine treatment during the same period without the occurrence of myopathy was collected. Demographic and clinical factors were compared between the patients with TIM and the TT controls. Factors independently associated with TIM were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results The patients with TIM (males/females: 7/5, mean age: 57 years) developed myopathy after using telbivudine for a median period of 19.5 months. Muscle histopathology revealed abnormal proliferation, subsarcolemmal or sarcoplasmic accumulations, and ultrastructural defects of mitochondria. When compared with TT cases, patients with TIM had a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and were more frequently positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Conclusions Mitochondrial abnormalities are characteristic histopathological features, and impaired renal function and HBeAg positivity are risk factors for TIM. Telbivudine-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and immune activation related to mitochondrial damage and HBeAg serostatus changes may underlie TIM. Constant clinical surveillance of myopathy during telbivudine treatment is needed due to the significant latency of its development. Dose adjustment for impaired renal function does not eliminate the risk of TIM occurrence.

Risk Factors for Anxiety in Major Depressive Disorder Patients

Li-Min Xin,Lin Chen,Zhen-Peng Ji,Suo-Yuan Zhang,Jun Wang,Yan-Hong Liu,Da-Fang Chen,Fu-De Yang,Gang Wang,Yi-Ru Fang,Zheng Lu,Hai-Chen Yang,Jian Hu,Zhi-Yu Chen,Yi Huang,Jing Sun,Xiao-Ping Wang,Hui-Chun 대한정신약물학회 2015 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.13 No.3

Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic and clinical factors related to anxiety in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of data obtained from the Diagnostic Assessment Service for People with Bipolar Disorders in China (DASP), which was initiated by the Chinese Society of Psychiatry (CSP) and conducted from September 1, 2010 to February 28, 2011. Based on the presence or absence of anxiety-related characteristics, 1,178 MDD patients were classified as suffering from anxious depression (n=915) or non-anxious depression (n=263), respectively. Results: Compared with the non-anxious group, the anxious-depression group had an older age at onset (t=−4.39, p<0.001), were older (t=−4.69, p<0.001), reported more lifetime depressive episodes (z=−3.24, p=0.001), were more likely to experience seasonal depressive episodes (χ2=6.896, p=0.009) and depressive episodes following stressful life events (χ2=59.350, p <0.001), and were more likely to have a family history of psychiatric disorders (χ2=6.091, p=0.014). Their positive and total scores on the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and the 32-item Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) (p<0.05) were also lower. The logistic regression analysis indicated that age (odds ratio [OR]=1.03, p<0.001), a lower total MDQ score (OR=0.94, p=0.011), depressive episodes following stressful life events (OR=3.04, p<0.001), and seasonal depressive episodes (OR=1.75, p=0.039) were significantly associated with anxious depression. Conclusion: These findings indicate that older age, fewer subclinical bipolar features, an increased number of depressive episodes following stressful life events, and seasonal depressive episodes may be risk factors for anxiety-related characteristics in patients with MDD.

Risk factor analysis of coexisting endometrial carcinoma in patients with endometrial hyperplasia: a retrospective observational study of Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group

Yu-Li Chen,Kung-Liahng Wang,Min-Yu Chen,Mu-Hsien Yu,Chen-Hsuan Wu,Yu-Min Ke,Yi-Jen Chen,Yin-Yi Chang,Keng-Fu Hsu,Ming-Shyen Yen 대한부인종양학회 2013 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.24 No.1

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcome and parameters related to coexisting endometrial carcinoma in women with tissuediagnosed endometrial hyperplasia. Methods: Between January 1991 and December 2009, three hundred and eighty-six patients with the presumptive diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia were retrieved. Among these, one hundred and twenty-five patients were identified as having coexisting endometrial carcinoma in hysterectomy specimens. The three hundred and eighty-six patients were divided into two groups: the hyperplasia-benign group (261 cases) and the hyperplasia-malignant group (125 cases). Several clinical parameters including age, menopausal status, history of abnormal uterine bleeding, obstetrical history, medical history of diabetes and hypertension, BMI, and preoperative pathologic results were investigated. Results: Age ≥53 (odds ratio [OR], 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 4.57), menopausal status (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.14to 3.76), diabetes history (OR, 7.33; 95% CI, 2.79 to 19.26), abnormal uterine bleeding (OR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.22 to 13.02), atypical endometrial hyperplasia (OR, 7.38; 95% CI, 4.03 to 13.49), and body mass index ≥27 (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.76 to 5.97) were independent risk factors for prediction of endometrial hyperplasia coexisting with endometrial carcinoma. The diagnostic efficacy of atypical endometrial hyperplasia to predict the endometrial hyperplasia coexisting with endometrial carcinoma was better than or similar to those of other independent factors and combinations of these factors. Conclusion: Coexisting malignancy should be considered when examining endometrial hyperplasia patients with the related risk factors, especially atypical endometrial hyperplasia.

Application of Green Collaboration Operation on Network Industry

Ruey-Shun Chen,Yeh-Cheng Chen,Chi Nung Chu,Hung-Min Sun,Ling-Chi Chen,Chia-Chen Chen 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.2 No.1

Traditional information system and managerial mechanism cannot meet the new environment protection regulations; therefore, a new solution must be set up, else it may run the risk of losing the market and the value of product brand.This research focuses on the solutions provided by the network and communication industry, manufacture of the green products, and the establishment of a Web-based green collaboration management system, which incorporates the environment protection requests into the product development and green supply chain activities. There are three goals: (1) For the design of green products, green components and product management are set up for the purpose of de-toxin and ease of disassemble; (2) For the green supply chain, the management of hazardous substances, product recycle and disassemble are set up; (3) For the product recycling management, the recycling information is feedback for the product update and collaboration operation. The result of research can provide information for the integration of workflow and information system currently in use, provide RoHS and WEEE management solutions, and set up green collaboration information system, so that green products, brand leadership, and environment protection endeavor can be assured.

Electrochemical Behavior and Protective Property of Al-containing Zinc-Rich Paints

Chen, Wen-Ben,Chen, Peter,Chen, Hunz-Yin,Wu, Chung-Min,Tsai, Wen-Ta 한국부식방식학회 2002 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.31 No.3

The effect of Al addition on the corrosion performance of zinc-rich paints (ZRP) was investigated. Both electrochemical measurement and salt spray test were employed to evaluate the corrosion performance of ZRP with or without Al addition. The Al content as percentage of the total metallic components in the ZRP, investigated in this study, varied from 0 to 75wt%. The experimental results showed that protective nature of ZRP altered from cathodic protection to barrier former as the Al content was increased beyond 20wt%. The results from salt spray tests also revealed that the corrosion products were modified with the presence of aluminum oxide in the Al-containing ZRP. The amount of zinc white on the painted steel decreased as the Al content in the ZRP increased. The protectiveness, in terms of the time of red rust formation and cathodic protection, was reduced as the Al content was higher than 20wt%.