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Schembri, Emanuel,Massalha, Victoria,Spiteri, Karl,Camilleri, Liberato,Lungaro-Mifsud, Stephen The Korean Pain Society 2020 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.33 No.4
Background: This study investigated whether current smoking and a higher nicotine dependency were associated with chronic low back pain (LBP), lumbar related leg pain (sciatica) and/or radicular neuropathic pain. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients (mean age, 60.1 ± 13.1 yr). Demographic data, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) neuropathic pain grade, STarT Back tool, and the Fagerström test were completed. A control group (n = 50) was recruited. Results: There was a significant difference between current smokers and nonsmokers in the chronic LBP group in the mean pain score (P = 0.025), total STarT Back score (P = 0.015), worst pain location (P = 0.020), most distal pain radiation (P = 0.042), and in the IASP neuropathic pain grade (P = 0.026). There was a significant difference in the mean Fagerström score between the four IASP neuropathic pain grades (P = 0.005). Current smoking yielded an odds ratio (OR) of 3.071 (P = 0.011) for developing chronic LBP and sciatica, and an OR of 4.028 (P = 0.002) for obtaining an IASP "definite/probable" neuropathic pain grade, for both cohorts. The likelihood for chronic LBP and sciatica increased by 40.9% (P = 0.007), while the likelihood for an IASP neuropathic grade of "definite/probable" increased by 50.8% (P = 0.002), for both cohorts, for every one unit increase in the Fagerström score. Conclusions: A current smoking status and higher nicotine dependence increase the odds for chronic LBP, sciatica and radicular neuropathic pain.
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Late quaternary fluvial incision and aggradation in the Lesser Himalaya, India
Dosseto, Anthony,May, Jan-Hendrik,Choi, Jeong-Heon,Swander, Zachary J.,Fink, David,Korup, Oliver,Hesse, Paul,Singh, Tejpal,Mifsud, Charles,Srivastava, Pradeep Elsevier 2018 Quaternary science reviews Vol.197 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Reconstructing how rivers respond to changes in runoff or sediment supply by incising or aggrading has been pivotal in gauging the role of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) as a geomorphic driver in the Himalayas. Here we present new chronological data for fluvial aggradation and incision from the Donga alluvial fan and the upper Alaknanda River, as well as a compilation of previous work. In addition to conventional OSL-SAR (Single-Aliquot Regenerative-Dose) dating method, we have tested and applied pulsed OSL (POSL) dating for quartz samples that include K-rich feldspar inclusions, which is expected to improve the applicability and validity of OSL ages in the Lesser Himalaya. For previously dated deposits, our OSL ages are shown to be systematically older than previously reported ages. These results suggest periods of aggradation in the Alaknanda and Dehradun Valleys mainly between ∼25 and 35 ka. This most likely reflects decreased stream power during periods of weakened monsoon. In addition, in-situ cosmogenic beryllium-10 was used to infer bedrock surface exposure ages, which are interpreted as episodes of active fluvial erosion. Resulting exposure ages span from 3 to 6 ka, suggesting that strath terraces were exposed relatively recently, and incision was dominant through most of the Holocene. In combination, our results support precipitation-driven fluvial dynamics, which regulates the balance between stream power and sediment supply. On a larger spatial scale, however, fluvial dynamics are probably not spatially homogeneous as aggradation could have been taking place in adjacent catchments while incision dominated in the study area.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Himalayan fluvial history is investigated by establishing a chronology of incision and aggradation. </LI> <LI> We dated alluvial fills using POSL and strath terraces with in-situ cosmogenic beryllium-10. </LI> <LI> Aggradation took place between ∼25 and 35 ka, reflecting decreased stream power during periods of weakened monsoon. </LI> <LI> Bedrock exposure ages span from 3 to 6 ka, suggesting that incision was dominant through most of the Holocene. </LI> <LI> Fluvial dynamics is mainly precipitation-driven, which regulates the balance between stream power and sediment supply. </LI> </UL> </P>
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