MICROHETEROTROPHIC COMMUNITIES IN THE WATER COLUMN OF THE RHONE RIVER PLUME

BIANCHI,Micheline,SOTO,Yenise 嶺南大 海洋科學硏究所 1990 Marine Nature Vol.3 No.1

As tidal range is very small in the Mediterranean, the Rhone River plume (1600㎥ ??) spreads as a thin layer of low density water over the seawater. Schematically, the water column of the plume area is constituted by three layers. The upper freshwater layer is about 1-1.5m deep and carries heavy loads of organic and mineral particles as well as dissolved components. The intermediate layer, of 0.5-1m, is a discontinuity zone, showing strong density and dissolved nutrients gradients. The third layer, seawater, receives mostly particles form the other layers. In the Rhone water layer, as well as in the seawater, bacterial production and biomass are relatively constant, whatever more important in the freshwater. The three superposed layers showed three distinct microbial communities. The river water community is composed of freshwater bacteria, with low activity. The interface layer community can be described as a juvenile community of oligotrophic marine bacteria. The marine water community was characterized by low numbers of bacteria which growth limited by organic substrate availability.

BACTERIAL ABUNDANCE AND GROWTH IN OLIGOTROPHIC MEDITERRANEAN SEAWATER AND RHONE RIVER PLUME

BIANCHI,Micheline,SOTO,Yenise 嶺南大 海洋科學硏究所 1988 Marine Nature Vol.1 No.1

In order to compare microbial characteristics of the oligotrophic Mediterranean seawater and the eutrophic Rhone river freshwater, samples were taken at five depths of a marine station and of two stations in the plume area with a low salinity upper layer of 2-5 meters. No clear difference was seen either in bacterial densities(??) nor in bacterial growth rates (??) between oligotrophic and eutrophicated water. But, the bacterial production in the Rhone water was higher (5-8 times) than in the oligotrophic water. Counts of bacterial and heterotrophic micropredators showed oscillations between predator and prey populations along depth profiles. Au niveau du debouche du fleuve Rhone (??) se cree un panache deau dessalee et chargee en particules organiques et minerales, qui secoule sur l'eau Mediterraneenne reputee pour son oligotrophie. Afin de definir et de comparer les caracteristiques microbiologiques de ces 2 types d'eau, des echantillons ont ete preleves a 5 niveaux de 3 stations: une typiquement marine et deux autres situees dans le panache, montrant une couche de surface (2-3 metres) dessalee. Les effectifs bacteriens varient peu d'une station a l'autre (??). L'eau oligotrophe est caracterisee par une evolution parallele des effectifs bacteriens et de leurs predateurs. La pauvrete nutritionnelle de l'eau ne permet pas une production bacterienne intense (??). Aux deux autres stations de prelevement, dans la couche dessalee, les effectifs des bacteries et des predateurs montrent des relations inverses, classiques des evolutions entre proie et predateur. L'halocline constitue une interface en dessous de laquelle, en quelques metres, se retrouvent les caracteristiques microbiennes relevees a la station oligotrophe. La production bacterienne varie enre 0.12 et ?? bacteries·?? avec des taux de predations plus eleves que dans l'eau dessalee (??). Par contre, quelle que soit la qualite de l'eau, le taux de croissance reste sensiblement le meme (??) et du meme ordre de grandeur que ceux deja releves dans de semblables zones de front.

Antimicrobial Activity of Miconia Species (Melastomataceae)

Juliana Rodrigues,Danielle Carvalho Michelin,Daniel Rinaldo,Guilherme Juli? Zocolo,Lourdes Campaner dos Santos,Wagner Vilegas,H?ida Regina Nunes Salgado 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.1

This work evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the methanol and chloroform extracts of the leaves of Mi-conia cabucu, Miconia rubiginosa, and Miconia stenostachya using the disc-diffusion method. The results obtained showedthat the methanol extracts of the leaves of M. rubiginosaand M. stenostachyaand the chloroform extract of the leaves of M.cabucu presented antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms.

Effect of environmental enrichment for piglets in the nursery phase

Padilha-Boaretto, Joselaine Bortolanza,Groff-Urayama, Priscila Michelin,Einsfeld, Suelen Maria,de Souza, Cleverson,Mendes, Angelica Signor,Maeda, Emilyn Midori,Takahashi, Sabrina Endo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.1

Objective: The effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviour of piglets in the nursery phase was evaluated. Methods: A total of 450 hybrid pigs (21 day old), including both females and uncastrated males, weighing approximately 6 kg, were distributed in a completely randomised design with 3 treatments and 3 replicates of 50 animals each. The treatments were: i) pen without environmental enrichment (control), ii) treatment consisting of continuous environmental enrichment (CEE) with rubber balls throughout the experimental period, and iii) treatment consisting of environmental enrichment with washed balls (EEWB) during the whole experimental period which were removed daily for washing. For the behavioural evaluation, 10 animals were randomly selected per replicate. The behavioural assessments were performed once a week, from 8 am to 6 pm, using images captured with a video camera. The data were submitted to non-parametric analyses, the means were compared using the Bonferroni test, and Person's correlations were also calculated. Results: A statistical difference (p = 0.001) was observed in the B5 (playful) behaviour; the animals in the EEWB treatment group had a higher frequency of this behaviour than animals in the control treatment group. The animals in the control group showed a higher frequency of B7 behaviour (lying down) (p = 0.026) than those in the EEWB and CEE treatment groups. The animals in the control group had a higher frequency of the B9 (belly nosing) behaviour than those in the EEWB group (p = 0.015). There was a tendency towards a higher frequency of behaviour B3 (walking in the pen) (p = 0.067) when the animals received the control treatment than treatments EEWB or CEE. Conclusion: The use of an enriching object improved the animal welfare and altered the correlation between the evaluated behaviours compared to the animals that did not have environmental enrichment.

Bacillus subtilis as a Tool for Screening Soil Metagenomic Libraries for Antimicrobial Activities

( Biver Sophie ),( Sebastien Steels ),( Daniel Portetelle ),( Micheline Vandenbol ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.6

Finding new antimicrobial activities by functional metagenomics has been shown to depend on the heterologous host used to express the foreign DNA. Therefore, efforts are devoted to developing new tools for constructing metagenomic libraries in shuttle vectors replicatable in phylogenetically distinct hosts. Here we evaluated the use of the Escherichia coli-Bacillus subtilis shuttle vector pHT01 to construct a forest-soil metagenomic library. This library was screened in both hosts for antimicrobial activities against four opportunistic bacteria: Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Micrococcus luteus. A new antibacterial activity against B. cereus was found upon screening in B. subtilis. The new antimicrobial agent, sensitive to proteinase K, was not active when the corresponding DNA fragment was expressed in E. coli. Our results validate the use of pHT01 as a shuttle vector and B. subtilis as a host to isolate new activities by functional metagenomics.

Longer-Term Impact of High and Low Temperature on Mortality: An International Study to Clarify Length of Mortality Displacement

Armstrong, Ben,Bell, Michelle L.,de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline,Leon Guo, Yue-Liang,Guo, Yuming,Goodman, Patrick,Hashizume, Masahiro,Honda, Yasushi,Kim, Ho,Lavigne, Eric,Michelozzi, Pao U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Publ 2017 Environmental health perspectives Vol.125 No.10

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>In many places, daily mortality has been shown to increase after days with particularly high or low temperatures, but such daily time-series studies cannot identify whether such increases reflect substantial life shortening or short-term displacement of deaths (harvesting).</P><P><B>Objectives:</B></P><P>To clarify this issue, we estimated the association between annual mortality and annual summaries of heat and cold in 278 locations from 12 countries.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Indices of annual heat and cold were used as predictors in regressions of annual mortality in each location, allowing for trends over time and clustering of annual count anomalies by country and pooling estimates using meta-regression. We used two indices of annual heat and cold based on preliminary standard daily analyses: <I>a</I>) mean annual degrees above/below minimum mortality temperature (MMT), and <I>b</I>) estimated fractions of deaths attributed to heat and cold. The first index was simpler and matched previous related research; the second was added because it allowed the interpretation that coefficients equal to 0 and 1 are consistent with none (0) or all (1) of the deaths attributable in daily analyses being displaced by at least 1 y.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>On average, regression coefficients of annual mortality on heat and cold mean degrees were 1.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3, 3.1] and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.6, 1.6) per degree, respectively, and daily attributable fractions were 0.8 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.3) and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9, 1.4). The proximity of the latter coefficients to 1.0 provides evidence that most deaths found attributable to heat and cold in daily analyses were brought forward by at least 1 y. Estimates were broadly robust to alternative model assumptions.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>These results provide strong evidence that most deaths associated in daily analyses with heat and cold are displaced by at least 1 y. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1756</P>

Impact of COVID-19 on the daily routine of radiology clinics

Juliana de Carvalho Carmelo,Tatielly Karine Costa Alves,Micheline Salim Khouri,Rafael Pereira da Mata Santos,Lizandra Gonzaga Rodrigues,Maria Eugenia Alvarez-Leite,Flávio Ricardo Manzi 대한영상치의학회 2020 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.50 No.3

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Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot in Tunisia: morphological data and status of knowledge

Cherif, Wafa,Ktari, Leila,Bour, Monia El,Boudabous, Abdellatif,Grignon-Dubois, Micheline The Korean Society of Phycology 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.2

The Mediterranean Sea is currently facing dramatic changes and threats, including change in native species and accidental introductions. The introduced green alga Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot influences diversity and community structure in some parts of the world. This paper documents the distribution of this species in Tunisia and provides a morphological description of C. fragile subsp. fragile in Northern Tunisia. Results confirm the identity of Tunisian specimens as the invasive subspecies C. fragile subsp. fragile. This is the first morphological characterization of this subspecies in Tunisia.

Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot in Tunisia: morphological data and status of knowledge

Wafa Cherif,Leila Ktari,Monia El Bour,Abdellatif Boudabous,Micheline Grignon-Dubois 한국조류학회I 2016 ALGAE Vol.31 No.2

The Mediterranean Sea is currently facing dramatic changes and threats, including change in native species and accidental introductions. The introduced green alga Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot influences diversity and community structure in some parts of the world. This paper documents the distribution of this species in Tunisia and provides a morphological description of C. fragile subsp. fragile in Northern Tunisia. Results confirm the identity of Tunisian specimens as the invasive subspecies C. fragile subsp. fragile. This is the first morphological characterization of this subspecies in Tunisia.

Mortality burden of diurnal temperature range and its temporal changes: A multi-country study

Lee, Whanhee,Bell, Michelle L.,Gasparrini, Antonio,Armstrong, Ben G.,Sera, Francesco,Hwang, Sunghee,Lavigne, Eric,Zanobetti, Antonella,Coelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio,Saldiva, Paulo Hila Elsevier 2018 Environment international Vol.110 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although diurnal temperature range (DTR) is a key index of climate change, few studies have reported the health burden of DTR and its temporal changes at a multi-country scale. Therefore, we assessed the attributable risk fraction of DTR on mortality and its temporal variations in a multi-country data set. We collected time-series data covering mortality and weather variables from 308 cities in 10 countries from 1972 to 2013. The temporal change in DTR-related mortality was estimated for each city with a time-varying distributed lag model. Estimates for each city were pooled using a multivariate meta-analysis. The results showed that the attributable fraction of total mortality to DTR was 2.5% (95% eCI: 2.3–2.7%) over the entire study period. In all countries, the attributable fraction increased from 2.4% (2.1–2.7%) to 2.7% (2.4–2.9%) between the first and last study years. This study found that DTR has significantly contributed to mortality in all the countries studied, and this attributable fraction has significantly increased over time in the USA, the UK, Spain, and South Korea. Therefore, because the health burden of DTR is not likely to reduce in the near future, countermeasures are needed to alleviate its impact on human health.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We analyzed the health burden of diurnal temperature range (DTR) for 10 countries. </LI> <LI> In addition, we estimated the temporal changes in the mortality burden of DTR. </LI> <LI> The excessive risk and attributable risk of DTR was significant in most countries. </LI> <LI> The mortality burden due to DTR has been increased during decades (1972–2013). </LI> <LI> We conclude that the effect of DTR will not decrease in the near future. </LI> </UL> </P>