Effects of Instructional Treatments with Learning Conditions and Tasks on Learning of Simple and Complex Grammatical Rules

Mi-Sook Ko 한국영어어문교육학회 2008 영어어문교육 Vol.14 No.4

This study is a subsequent experiment of Ko’s (2006), which investigated the effects of learning conditions and task types respectively. Based on the findings of Ko’s (2006), the present study examined which combination of instructional treatments combining two learning conditions with two task types could be more effective than the other combinations on the learning of different grammatical rules. 130 Korean college freshmen with low proficiency were assigned to four experimental groups: EC (explicit condition and comprehension task), EP (explicit condition and production task), IC (implicit condition and comprehension task), and IP (implicit condition and production task). After two week instructions, post-test data through grammaticality judgment test and controlled written test were analyzed by the two-way Multiple Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). The findings of the study are as follows: (a) for the comprehension of a simple rule, there is no significant difference; (b) for the production of a simple and a complex rule, the EP can be the most effective; and (c) for the comprehension of a complex rule, the EP and the IP can be more effective than the EC and the IC. Overall, the effect of the combination with an explicit condition and a production task is more evident than the others. The results are expected to give empirical evidence and suggestions for more effective ways of promoting learning of formal linguistic features and leading L2 learners to develop their interlanguage.

지방과 도시인의 交通手段 利用實態 및 態度 比較硏究

고재홍,안미영,홍기원,차재호,구정숙 서울大學校 社會科學大學 心理科學硏究所 1993 心理科學 Vol.2 No.-

지방과 도시인의 도로교통 이용실태 및 태도 조사 결과를 보고하였다. 지방을 대표하는 지역으로 경상남도 거창읍을, 그리고 도시는 서울특별시 강남구 대치동을 선정하였고, 각 지역에서 800명(400 부부쌍)의 무선표본을 대상으로 질문지로 조사하였다. 조사내용을 출퇴근 길의 교통수단이용, 외출시의 교통수단이용, 자가용의 이용및 소유실태, 운전면허 소지 및 취득실태, 교통사고경험, 대중교통수단에 대한 평가 및 관련 태도 등이었다. 조사결과, 도시와 지방간의 현재의 교통수단 이용에서의 차이를 파악할 수 있었을 뿐 아니라, 후속연구에서 교통수단이용의 변화를 평가할 수 있는 기저선이 마련되었다. Two representative samples of married couples. one(n=400 couples) from Dae-Chi Dong in Seoul and another(n=400 couples) from the town of Ku-Ch'ang in South Kyung-sang Province were studied through a questionnaire. The questionnaire dealt with (1)transportation uses in commuting to work (2)transportation uses on weekends. (3)types of automobiles owned and the uses to which they are put. (4)statistics related to obtaining and possessing driver licenses. (5)experience of traffic accidents, and (6)attitudes regarding the public trasportations and policies. The study as designed to provide a baseline for future studies on the transportation statistics as well as gauging the urban-rural difference in automobile culture.

OPIc(Oral Proficiency Interview-computer)자료를 활용한 영어말하기 숙련도 향상에 관한 연구 : 이야기 내용 구성요인을 중심으로

고미숙 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2010 교과교육학연구 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 영어말하기 숙련도 향상을 위한 두 가지 교수법을 비교하였다. 영어말하기 연구가 대화의 기술 및 언어적 요소 - 어휘, 억양, 구문 표현, 문법 - 에 중점을 둔 주류 연구경향과 달리 본 연구는 말하기 기술에 중점을 두어, 내용 중심의 말하기 학습의 효과와 일 방향 과제 연습의 효과를 살펴보았다. 종래의 대화식 말하기 연습위주의 영어회화 강의 참여자 집단 A와, OPIc 식의 일 방향 말하기 과업 및 말하기 기술 전략 학습이 포함된 영어회화 강의 참여자 집단 B와의 비교를 통하여, 초급-상 또는 중급-하 수준의 성인 영어학습자 말하기 숙련도 향상을 위한 효과적인 교수법을 모색했다. 초급-상 혹은 중급-하 수준으로 추정된 79명의 성인 학습자들이 두 집단의 영어회화강좌에 2학기 이상 참여하여 반 직접(semi-direct) 인터뷰방식의 두 가지 말하기 과업에 참여했다. 연구 참가자들의 발화를 모두 전사하여 두 집단의 발화의 양과 이야기 구성요소의 포함 유무를 비교하였다. 연구 결과 전략학습과 일 방향과제를 연습한 집단 B가 대화식 영어회화 강의 참가자 집단 A보다 약 2배 이상의 발화를 하였고, 집단 B의 발화자들의 이야기 구성요소에 대한 포함여부가 집단 A보다 모든 구성요소에 대해 더 많이 발화에 포함시켜 질적인 차이를 보였다. 결론적으로 간단한 어휘, 문장의 나열을 할 수 있는 초급-상이나 중급-하 수준의 성인 영어학습자들은 내용 중심의 말하기 연습과 이야기 식 말하기, 즉 개인적 일상생활이나 과거 경험에 대한 에피소드 식 말하기 연습을 통하여 현재의 영어말하기 숙련도를 향상시킬 수 있을 것이다. This study compared two teaching methods for improving English speaking proficiency for EFL adult learners. The learners ranged from novice-high or intermediate-low levels. Contrary to traditional research trends on conversation skills and language control such as vocabulary, intonation, phrasal expressions and grammar in the field of speaking, this study investigated the effects of speaking skills which focused on the contents of a story and a one-way speaking task on speaking proficiency. There were two groups for this study: Group A as a control group focused on traditional conversation skills with a popular English conversation textbook published by Oxford, whereas Group B focused on speaking skills with learning speaking strategies and practicing one-way speaking tasks mostly used in OPIc speaking tests. Upon comparing the two groups, the researcher investigated which teaching method would be helpful for EFL adult learners for each group (novice-high or intermediate-low proficiency) tohelp improve their English speaking proficiencies. The participants were 79 sophomore college students who had taken English conversation courses for more than two semesters and had taken a semi-directed interview asking about their daily life and past experiences. The researcher transcribed the participants' speeches and compared the speech amount and contents of the story between the two groups. The results of the study indicated that Group B spoke approximately twice as much as Group A. In addition, Group B showed qualitatively different speeches from Group A; the participants in Group B included more content elements useful for storytelling in their speeches than those in Group A. Accordingly, it could be concluded that teaching speaking skills focusing on storytelling strategies and individual one-way speaking practice about daily life and past experiences are effective for EFL adult learners who can arrange simple vocabularies, phrasal expressions or sentences in their English communication.

국내에서 발생하고 있는 사람 브루셀라증의 임상적 특성

김연숙,최영실,오원섭,권기태,이혁,이선희,손준성,김신우,장현하,정숙인,고관수,박미연,백경란,송재훈 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

배경 : 2002년 내국인에서의 첫 사람 브루셀라증의 증례 보고 이후 국내에서 사람 브루셀라증이 빠른 증가를 보이고 있다. 이에 연구자들은 국내에서 발생하는 브루셀라증의 임상적 특성을 연구하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2003년부터 2006년 7월까지 7개 대학병원에 내원한 환자들을 대상으로 WHO의 진단기준에 의하여 확진된 브루셀라증 환자들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사분석 하였다. 배양된 균은 삼성서울병원에 의뢰하여 16S rRNA 유전자 분석방법을 이용하여 종을 확인하였고, 표준시험관응집검사는 국립보건원에 의뢰하여 시행하였다. 결과 : 34예의 환자들이 브루셀라증으로 확진되었고, 31명이 남자였다. 혈액에서 B. abortus가 증명된 경우가 8예, 표준시험관 응집검사상 의미 있는 항체가 상승을 보인경우가 26예이었다. 환자들은 대부분 축산업관련 종사자였고, 추후 브루셀라증으로 확진된 소와의 직접 접촉을 통해 감염된 것으로 여겨진다. 국내 사람 브루셀라증의 가장 흔한 증상은 발열이었고, 위장관계 합병증이 가장 흔히 동반되었다. 치료로는 doxycycline/rifampicin이 24예의 환자에서 doxycycline/aminoglycoside (streptomycin 혹은 gentamicin)이 10예의 환자에서 6주 이상의 기간 동안 투여되었다. 치료에 반응을 보이지 않는 환자는 없었고, 재발이 1예 있었다. 결론 : 국내에서 발생하는 사람 브루셀라증의 원인균으로 현재까지 분리 동정된 것은 B. abortus이며, 소 브루셀라증의 증가로 인해 인체감염사례가 함께 증가하는 것으로 사료된다. 위험 직업군 종사자들에서 감염된 소와의 직접 접촉을 통해 주로 발생하고 있는 브루셀라증의 임상종상은 국외에서 발생하는 경우와 유사한 양상을 보이고 있으며 치료에 대한 반응은 비교적 좋은 편이긴 하나, 추후 보다 많은 환자들을 대상으로 한 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다. 사람 브루셀라증의 조절을 위해서는 소 브루셀라증의 조절이 필수적이며, 브루셀라증의 조절에 성공한 선진국의 사례를 적극적으로 도입해야 할 것으로 생각된다. Background : Since the first Korean case of human brucellosis was reported in 2002, the incidence of human brucellosis has been rapidly increasing. We performed this study to evaluate the clinical characteristics of human brucellosis occurring in South Korea. Materials and Methods : Demographic features, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic outcomes of cases confirmed as brucellosis according to WHO diagnostic criteria were evaluated. Species of Brucella isolates were identified with 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Serologic diagnosis was performed with standard tube agglutination test (STA). Results : A total of 34 cases were enrolled from 2003 to 2006 in six hospitals. Eight cases were confirmed with the isolation of Brucella from blood and 26 cases were confirmed with titer of antibodies ≥1:160 by STA. Male (31) was predominant and most of the patients were cattle farmers. The most common transmission route was direct contact with infected or their cattle byproducts. Fever was the most prominent symptom and fatigue followed. Gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal systems were commonly complicated. Patients were treated with doxycycline and rifampin or aminoglycosides for more than 6 weeks. All patients responded well to the therapeutic regimens, but one patient relapsed 10 months after treatment. Conclusion : Brucellosis occurring in Korea has been caused by B. abortus, whose preferred natural host animals are cattle. Korean patients were infected through direct contact with bovine brucellosis. Clinical manifestations of brucellosis were similar to those occurring worldwide. Therapeutic outcomes were good among patients with brucellosis in Korea. In order to prevent human brucellosis, measures to eradicate bovine brucellosis should precede.

뇌실외 배액술 관리에 대한 이해 및 업무수행 실태

김정숙,윤미선,송소이,이지은,문경선,고지운,임분남,김경희,박경숙 중앙대학교 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the managing realities of EVD and provide a descriptive survey with the attempt to obtain basic data needed for the standardization of EVD management. For that purpose, 220 questionnaire copies were distributed to those nurses who were working with intensive care units at university hospitals, general hospitals, semi-general hospitals in Seoul, Kyongki-de and local areas. Of 158 returned questionnaire copies, 139 were used for analysis. Data were collected during the term of academic seminars of Neurosurgery Nursing Committee and KICA (Korea Intensive Care Association), ranging from Oct. 26 through 27. 2000. The tools utilized a structured questionnaire form consisting of 21 questions on general characteristics, the level of understanding, the level of work performance, standard management guidelines, etc. The data collected were analysed with frequency, percentage, mean vague, chi -square test using the SPSS 10.0 program Findings were revealed, as follows: For managing the prevention of EVD infection, aseptic technique was found to be of the most importance (48.9%),'the technique should be carried out at an operation room'(92.8%), but it was actually performed at intensive care units (over 51.5%). 'The term of antibiotics use should be less than 7 days' (81.8%), while it was actually executed for less than 7 days (49.5%). 'The proper time of quittance from it should be within less than 7 days'(74.1%) but actual quittance was executed only by 51.1%. 'Set exchange is needed' by 54.0% but actual exchange was implemented merely by 28.1%. 'The subject of management should be nurses' was reflected by 40% but actually 52.0% were carried out. As a result of hating analysed the understanding of the management of EVD by general characteristics, a significant difference was found in the necessity for set exchange by hospitals, in the time of quittance of a catheter, and in ablution items by work experience. The result of hating analysed the work performance levels of EVD management by general characteristics revealed that a significant difference in administration facilities of medicine by the classification of hospitals, especially the use of antibiotics and the quitting time of a catheter by the classification of intensive care units, and in the use of antibiotics and ablution items by the standard management guidelines.

활동치료학과 교육과정 개발 연구

양광희,고영애,조희,양선희,안은숙,전미영 적십자간호전문대학 2000 적십자간호전문대학논문집 Vol.22 No.-

신라대학교 주변 백양산의 동물상

노치권(외 6명) 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 自然科學論文集 Vol.22 No.-

To study fauna of Silla University located in Mt. Baek-yang, we conducted six surveys from 29 May 2011 to 28 April 2012. We found five phyla 41 orders 197 species of animals inhabiting in this area: four phyla 27 orders 163 species of invertebrates and in vertebrates one order six species of fishes, three orders nine species of amphibians and reptiles, six orders 14 species of aves, and four orders five species of mammals. Of these species, some Korean endemic species were included: a fish of Rhodeus uyekii in a pond near main gate of this university, a frog of Rana coreana in a creek near a dormitory, and a rabbit of Lepus coreanus and a water deer of Hydropotes inermis in a grass region near a main stadium. A kind of hawk, Falco tinnunculus as a natural monument (animal) of no. 323-8, was observed on a building of medical and life science. A blue frog of Hyla japonica as a variation was found near a spring resort. Therefore, this area is considered an ecologically important area having a high animal diversity.

일부 부인과 양성 질환자의 지방조직 및 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도

박성균,이강숙,노영만,구정완,민선영,한진구,고원경,김미란,정재근,이종승,김진홍 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

목적 : 본 연구는 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도를 측정하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려진 요인들과의 관련성을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법 : 유방암, 자궁내막증 등 유기염소계 화합물의 영향이 있는 것으로 알려진 호르몬 관련 질병을 제외한 부인과 환자 52명을 대상으로 지방조직과 혈청을 분석하였으며, 설문조사를 통하여 연령, 교육수준, 직업, 비만도, 흡연과 음주, 출산력, 수유력등을 조사하였다. 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs와 DDE 농도는 가스크로마토그래피를 사용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 지방조직의 경우, 13개 PCBs congeners 농도의 합은 중앙값이 48.29 ng/g, 기하평균값이 56.78 ng/g이었고, DDE 농도는 중앙값이 142.89ng/g, 기하평균값이 117.06 ng/g이었으며, 혈청의 경우는 PCBs congeners 농도의 합은 중앙값이 4.67 ㎍/L, 기하평균값이 4.85 ㎍/L이었고, DDE 농도는 중앙값이 1.75 ㎍/L, 기하평균값이 2.09 ㎍/L로 나타났다. 지방조직과 혈청의 DDE 농도 사이는 높은 상관성을 보였으나(r²=0.310, p=0,0002), PCBs는 상관성이 약한 것으로 나타났다(r²=0.029, p=0.2582). 영향요인을 범주화한 후 로그변환 시킨 지방조직과 혈청의 PCBs, DDE 평균의 차이를 분석한 결과, 지방조직의 DDE만이 출산자녀수(p=0.015), 초산연령 (p=0.014), 비만지수(p=0.035)와 연관성이 발견되었다 다중회귀분석의 결과 지방조직의 DDE는 출산자녀수가 적을수록, 초산연령이 늦을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론 : 출산자녀수와 초산연령, 비만도가 지방조직의 DDE와 관련성을 보였으며, 또한 유기염소계 화합물의 장기간의 노출에 의한 영향을 평가하는데 있어서 혈청보다 지방조직이 더 유용한 생물지표임을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : This study was purposed to determine the levels of PCBs and DDE in adipose tissue and serum and to evaluate the relations with factors affecting these levels. Methods : We analyzed adipose tissues and sera from 52 gynecologic benign disease patients aged 27-78 years, except hormonal diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis. We also surveyed age, education, occupation, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, number of children, and duration of breastfeeding by questionnaires. Tissue and serum levels of PCBs and DDE were measured using gas chromatography. Results : The median and geometric mean levels of PCBs were 48.29 ng/g, 56.78 ng/g for adipose tissue and 4.67 ㎍/L, 4.85 ㎍/L for serum, and those of DDE were 142.89 ng/g, 117.06 ng/g for adipose tissue and 1.75 ㎍/L, 2.09 ㎍/L for serum, respectively. Adipose tissue and serum levels for DDE showed high correlation (r²=0.310, p=0.0002), but those of PCBs didn't (r²=0.029, p=0.2582). In analyses of the differences of the means of log transformed adipose tissue and serum PCBs and DDE levels for groups of potential covariates, only adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly associated with number of children (p=0.015), age at first birth (p=0.074) and BMI (p=0.035). In multiple regression analysis, adipose tissue DDE levels were significantly increased with decreasing number of children and increasing age at first birth. Conclusions : This study suggested that parity and adiposity were associated with levels of DDE in adipose tissue, and adipose tissue is a better biomarker than serum for evaluating the long-term exposure of organochlorines.

흰쥐 중추신경계내 난소로 투사하는 미주신경로에 관한 연구

김명주,장명세,고미희,노해숙,조해영,오문유,이봉희 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究 Vol.14 No.1

본 실험은 부교감신경의 하나인 미주신경이 난소를 지배하는 신경으로 관여하고 있는지를 pseudorabies 바이러스를 이용하여 난소신경로와 난소주사후 미주신경절단을 통하여 조사한 연구 보고이다. 이를 위하여 Sprague Dawley계 암흰쥐를 대상으로 pseudorabies 바이러스를 난소에 주사한 무리와 난소 주사후 미주신경을 절단한 무리에서 뇌를 적출하여 pseudorabies 바이러스에 대한 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 비교하였다. 본 실험결과 미주신경 중추신경로내의 상위신경핵들이 pseudorabied 바이러스에 대하여 양성반응이 줄어들었거나 관찰되지 않는 차이를 보였다. 즉 적색핵, 종말판혈관기관, 줄무늬체, 침상핵과 이마엽겉질은 부분적으로 난소의 미주신경로에 관여하고 있으며 미주신경등쪽핵, 고립로핵, 최후영역, 청색반점, 팔옆핵, 코리케퓨즈핵, 흑색질 및 시각교차위핵은 양성반응이 관찰되지 않아 미주신경으로 투사하는 부교감신경핵으로 조사되었다. The mammalian ovary has been known as receiving its innervation by sympathetic and sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system from the brain. Recently, there were several functional reports that the vagus nerves were also regulating the ovarian function, but the vagus nerve had not been identified by clear morphological evidence. A viral transneuronal tracing technique has been used to demonstrate the morphological evidence for the central vagal involvement in ovarian innervation in brain areas. Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus injection was made into the ovary of Sprague Dawley rats. In experimental group, the vagus nerve of the same injection side was removed right after ovarian injection. At five days after initial injection, all the rats were sacrificed and brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. Several central nuclei including hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus showed strong bilateral positive labelings after unilateral injection in control rats, but the positive labelings were disappeared or decreased in several hypothalamic nuclei and nuclei of the vagus nerve. I n conclusion, these results provide the morphological evidence that vagus nerve has neural connection to ovary and by which the central nervous system may maintains the state of ovulation and reproduction as a possible parasympathetic routes in mammals.

Effects of Learning Conditions and Task Types on EFL Learning of Grammatical Rules

Mi-Sook Ko(고미숙) 한국외국어교육학회 2006 Foreign languages education Vol.13 No.3

  This study examines the effects of learning conditions (implicit learning condition and explicit learning condition) and task types (comprehension and production task) on the learning of an easy rule (subject-verb inversion in the sentence with location adverbial) and a hard rule (pseudo-cleft clause). One hundred thirty first-year university EFL students with low proficiency were divided into four groups based on the combination of learning conditions and task types. After that, pre-and post-test data on the grammaticality judgement test and controlled written test were analyzed by using the two-way Multiple Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). Results showed that the effects of learning conditions are not statistically different on the comprehension of easy and hard grammatical rules whereas the explicit learning condition has more effects on producing easy and hard rules than the implicit learning condition does. They also revealed that the effects of task types are statistically different on the learning of an easy and a hard rule. In addition, production task has more effects on the learning of both an easy and a hard rule than the comprehension task. It could be suggested that the results of this study could be applied in designing more effective instructional condition for the EFL adult learners with low proficiency.