Entwickelungsgeschichte und gegenwärtiger Stand öffentlichen Verkehrswesens von Paris : mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des französischen Kommunalsteuersystems

Metcalf, Henry C G. Schade 1897 국내석사

A search for the causes of violence in selected plays of David Rabe and Sam Shepard compared to the patterns of violence found in rollo may's "power and innocence : a search for the sources of violence"

Metcalf, William Alan U. M. I. 1982 국내박사

The Subduction Complex in the Yarlung Suture Zone of Southern Tibet: The History of Subduction and the Transition to Continental Collision

Metcalf, Kathryn ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

Subduction complex rocks in the Yarlung suture zone in southern Tibet record the history of oceanic subduction prior to India-Asia collision as well as the entry of the Indian continental margin into the trench. This dissertation presents geolog.

DNA binding by a TAF1 isoform that is expressed in Drosophila testes

Metcalf, Chad E The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

Regulated gene expression allows the progeny of a zygote to differentiate into the numerous and varied cell types that compose an organism. An efficient checkpoint used by regulatory programs that control gene expression is the initiation of DNA transcription. In eukaryotes, the general transcription factor TFIID controls the initiation of many protein coding genes by differential binding of core promoter DNA sequence. As the largest component of TFIID, TAF1 contributes to core promoter binding and, therefore, to regulated gene expression. My work began with the observation that Drosophila TAF1 encodes AT-hook DNA-binding motifs. Using a combination of in vitro DNA-binding assays, my work demonstrates that the Drosophila TAF1 protein isoforms TAF1-2 and TAF1-4 directly bind the minor groove of A-T-rich DNA with a preference for the sequence AAT via cooperative interactions of two identical AT-hook motifs, one of which is encoded by an alternatively spliced exon. Collectively, these data indicate that AT-hooks serve to anchor TAF1 isoforms to the minor groove of A-T-rich Drosophila gene promoters and suggest a model in which regulated expression of TAF1 isoforms by alternative splicing contributes to gene-specific transcription. As I completed the experiments described above, the work of my colleagues revealed that TAF1-2 is predominately expressed in the Drosophila testis. To understand the biological implication of DNA-binding by TAF1-2, I examined the expression patterns of TAF1 and several other components of TFIID in Drosophila testes. Analysis by immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that among the general TFIID subunits examined (TATA-box binding protein (TBP), TAF1, TAF4, TAF5, and TAF9) only TAF1 colocalized with the testis-specific TAF (tTAF) Mia in spermatocyte nucleoli. Nucleolar localization of TAF1, but not Mia, was disrupted in tTAF mutant flies, and TAF1 dissociated from DNA prior to Mia as spermatocytes entered meiosis. Taken together, my results suggest stepwise assembly of a testis-specific TAF-containing complex whereby a TAF1 isoform, presumably TAF1-2, is recruited to a core subassembly of tTAFs in spermatocyte nucleoli.

Atmospheric Black Carbon: Measurements in the Los Angeles Atmosphere and Aging by Condensation of Organic Aerosol

Metcalf, Andrew Richard California Institute of Technology 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

Aerosol particles in the atmosphere scatter and absorb solar radiation; an interaction that yields the largest uncertainty in models of future climate change. While most aerosols scatter light and, therefore, cool the environment, absorbing aerosol warms the environment. In particular, black carbon (BC) aerosol, the largest component of absorbing aerosol, may exhibit the second-largest forcing on climate behind greenhouse gases. In addition, the mixing state of BC aerosol, or the degree to which a BC core is coated with a scattering substance, may significantly increase the absorbing potential of BC. This thesis presents results from field and laboratory studies of BC aerosol, its mixing state in the atmosphere, and how it ages in the presence of condensing secondary organic aerosol. A major field study, CalNex 2010, was conducted in Southern California to study air quality and climate change issues. Measurements of BC aerosol in and around the Los Angeles (LA) Basin reveal the evolution of BC aerosol from a thinly coated state near sources in the eastern LA Basin to a more thickly coated state in the outflow regions of the Basin. While the majority of BC aerosol emitted in the LA Basin remains near the surface, some BC aerosol is transported to the free troposphere through sea-breeze and mountain-flow coupling. BC aerosol above the inversion layer tends to be thickly coated, indicating that it is more aged than the BC measured near the surface. To understand how the mixing state of BC evolves with secondary formation of species in the atmosphere, carefully controlled environmental chamber experiments were conducted. Two types of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors, alpha-pinene and naphthalene, were reacted in the chamber to condense secondary products onto BC seed aerosol. The rate of growth and magnitude of absorption enhancement due to the secondary coating on BC was measured, revealing that growth of coatings is diffusion-limited. Particle composition measurements reveal that condensed SOA onto BC seed particles is nearly identical to nucleated SOA from the same parent hydrocarbon. Measurements of coating thickness and optical properties provide insight to single-particle SOA growth and volatility.

From morality play to celebrity: Women, gender, and performing modernity in Egypt: c. 1850--1939

Metcalf, Cynthia Gray-Ware University of Virginia 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

Rose al-Youssef, a Syrian immigrant to Egypt born without wealth or elite connections, traversed the limits of gender, class, and nationality to take advantage of two emerging political--cultural institutions in Egypt: the theater (al-masrah) and the press--and become one of Egypt's first celebrities. This dissertation investigates the origins of celebrityhood to yield a double biography---the life story of Rose al-Youssef and a biography of the masrah itself, as a nodal point in a web of social relationships and processes that sent out runners far and wide. Using al-Youssef's life as a metaphor to understand the larger trends and processes that were happening in Egypt from 1850--1939, this study traces the emergence and evolution of modern performance and mass entertainment to chart the social and cultural transformations that occurred in Cairo and Alexandria during the period covered in this dissertation. The shifting fortunes of the theater in terms of tastes, aesthetics, and notions of entertainment as morally useful stimulated the creation of new physical spaces that did not exist previously. These innovative physical spaces, such as the masrah and sala (music hall), offered new possibilities for organizing and communicating ideas. An examination of al-Youssef's acting career and the masrah's evolution provides insight into a number of intertwined institutions, issues, and developments that played key roles during this politically turbulent time, including the emergence of celebrity, creation of new public spaces, both real and imagined, the development of new physical spaces in the urban environment, the movement of ideas, the status of women, the proliferation of images for mass consumption, national identity, and the popular press. It also demonstrates the limitations of elite influence on public entertainment during this period and the growing influence of other actors. Despite elite efforts to define and interpret nationalist identity as an upper and middle--class concern, competing forms of identification and nationalism arose with the emergence of female celebrities, shattering the old elite constructivist paradigm of modernity and nationalism. The fashioning of celebrities transformed old power structures and boundaries in Egypt and resulted in the forging of new, national symbols of modernity.

To plea or not to plea: The role of the courtroom workgroup in certain and efficient felony case processing

Metcalfe, Christi The Florida State University 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

Theory and research suggests that criminal courts operate as organized communities, where both bureaucratic influences and court actor action systems play an important role in case processing (Eisenstein & Jacob, 1977; Eisenstein, Flemming, & Nardulli, 1988; Flemming, Nardulli, & Eisenstein, 1992; Nardulli, Eisenstein, & Flemming, 1988; Ulmer, 1997). Specifically, these factors are expected to impact operational certainty within the courthouse and the efficient management of cases (Heumann, 1981; Pollitz Worden, 1990; Skolnick, 1967; Thompson, 197). While a significant amount of research focuses on the external and internal organizational influences placed on criminal courts, less attention has been devoted to the effect of workgroup interaction and influence (Hoskins Haynes, Ruback, & Cusick, 2010; Nardulli et al., 1988; Pollitz Worden, 1995). In order to address this issue, the current study uses a sample of felony plea and trial cases from a courthouse in the Southeast to assess the impact of courtroom actors on certainty and efficiency in case processing, operationalized as the decision to plea and time from arrest to case disposition. The study (1) determines the extent to which familiarity, similarity, and influence among the judge, prosecutor, and defense attorney impact certainty and efficiency, (2) assesses whether there is variation in certainty and efficiency of case processing across actors, and (3) evaluates the impact of individual court actor characteristics on variation in case processing. Attending to the limitations of prior research, the study quantifies court actor interaction and influence, focuses on an earlier phase of case processing, links court actors to their respective cases, and determines the contribution of court actors to the guilty plea system. The findings indicate that court actor familiarity and experience have important effects on certainty and efficiency in case processing. Additionally, variation in the decision to plea and time to disposition is detected across judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys, and court actor influence is able to explain some of this variation. Contrary to expectations, the findings reveal that familiarity and influence of defense attorneys can hinder certain and efficient case processing. The implications of these findings and potential avenues for future research are discussed.

The design of guided learner-adaptable scaffolding in interactive learning environments

Metcalf, Shari Jackson The University of Michigan 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation addresses the challenge of designing software for the changing needs of learners by demonstrating an approach to the design of scaffolding in educational software. The approach, Guided Learner-Adaptable Scaffolding (GLAS), proposes that software be designed with learning supports that are fadeable by learners, with guidance from the software to help learners make fading decisions. A set of guidelines were proposed for the design of GLAS in interactive learning environments. In order to test these guidelines, they were applied to the design of a tool, TheoryBuilder, that supports learners building and testing dynamic models of complex systems. TheoryBuilder was tested in classroom use by approximately 95 9th grade students who used the tool three times during a school year. Eight focus students were videotaped throughout their use of the software in all three tasks, in order to record in depth their usage of and reactions to the software for qualitative evaluation. The models created by all of the 95 students in the class were also collected in order to compile quantitative statistical information about the students' changing use of scaffolding and fading mechanisms over time. Analysis of the data showed that TheoryBuilder generally achieved its goal of providing scaffolding for the modeling task. The scaffolding made the modeling task initially accessible, and students were able to fade scaffolding as they developed expertise. Students built larger and more complex models over time, fading scaffolding to use more advanced features and to turn off help that they no longer needed. The guidance provided with the scaffolding also appeared to help the students make informed decisions about fading scaffolding. The GLAS design guidelines were analyzed and revised in light of the data, and are offered as guidelines for the development of software that provides both accessibility and support for the development of expertise.

Preparing at-risk alternative school students for high-stake testing success. Addressing the question: "What happens to student learning when selected organizational and study skills strategies are taught to students with behavioral and clinical needs in an alternative high school setting in prepara

Metcalfe, Stephen Boston College 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Alternative schools are represented in educational research primarily through studies and presentations of organizational programming variations and descriptions of student populations served. Research on at-risk students spans a broad range of specific topics in the literature covering descriptive demographics to best practices in a variety of teaching settings. Ethnographic studies of at-risk students in alternative settings have been less common, with focus providing, appropriately, descriptive characteristics of particular alternative school settings. Finally, research on high-stakes testing falls into two distinct camps of support for and questioning of its effectiveness as a gauge for educational reform success. The purpose of this study is to present an ethnographic description of students and teachers in an alternative school preparing at-risk students for taking the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) by incorporating organizational and study skills curriculum, and MCAS-specific materials. To examine this process a naturalistic field study was undertaken that incorporated a data set including student work samples, student records, student and teacher interviews, student grades and test scores. Ethnographic field techniques were employed to develop appropriate themes and hypotheses for student and teacher meaning and understanding of their role in the preparation process. Interpretations of understanding and meaning making for these at-risk students and their teachers are presented. A student perspective toward school based on a framework of trouble, personal relevance, and relationship was found to promote success in school when taken into consideration by teachers. Teachers operated on a community construct of change, resentment, and relationship as well, and emphasized personal connectivity with their students to achieve success in their intended goal of every student passing the MCAS. Findings presented describe the importance or relationally grounded teaching environments for at risk students in alternative school settings. Instructional approaches that integrate student personal relevance and culture will improve student motivation and investment in their own learning. This research provides at risk student voice perspective with regard to schooling, teachers, and high-stakes testing. It also describes an alternative school teaching role that contrasts with typical mainstream teacher counterparts. Implications for research suggest a need for additional study of this sector of the public school community with regard to alternative student populations, teachers in alternative schools, organizational structures of alternative schools, and implementation of preparatory programs for high-stakes testing in alternative school settings.

Formation and representation: Critical analyses of identity, supply, and demand in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

Metcalf, Heather E The University of Arizona 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Considerable research, policy, and programmatic efforts have been dedicated to addressing the participation of particular populations in STEM for decades. Each of these efforts claims equity-related goals; yet, they heavily frame the problem, through pervasive STEM pipeline model discourse, in terms of national needs, workforce supply, and competitiveness. This particular framing of the problem may, indeed, be counter to equity goals, especially when paired with policy that largely relies on statistical significance and broad aggregation of data over exploring the identities and experiences of the populations targeted for equitable outcomes in that policy. In this study, I used the mixed-methods approach of critical discourse and critical quantitative analyses to understand how the pipeline model ideology has become embedded within academic discourse, research, and data surrounding STEM education and work and to provide alternatives for quantitative analysis. Using critical theory as a lens, I first conducted a critical discourse analysis of contemporary STEM workforce studies with a particular eye to pipeline ideology. Next, I used that analysis to inform logistic regression analyses of the 2006 SESTAT data. This quantitative analysis compared and contrasted different ways of thinking about identity and retention. Overall, the findings of this study show that many subjective choices are made in the construction of the large-scale datasets used to inform much national science and engineering policy and that these choices greatly influence likelihood of retention outcomes.